Biodiv Sci ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 22500. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022500
Special Issue: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
• Original Papers: Animal Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Qing Yang1,2, Xiaodong Li1,2, Shengxian Yang1,2, Xin Chao1,2, Huiqiu Liu1,2, Sang Ba1,2,*(
)
Received:2022-08-30
Accepted:2022-11-20
Online:2023-04-20
Published:2023-04-20
Contact:
*E-mail: Qing Yang, Xiaodong Li, Shengxian Yang, Xin Chao, Huiqiu Liu, Sang Ba. Protozoan community diversity and its impact factor in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the wet season[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(4): 22500.
Fig. 1 Distribution of sample sites in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River
Fig. 2 Protozoan community composition at the phylum level at each site and reach in the study area (a), abundance at each site (b) and abundance at each reach (c). M, Mainstream; T, Tributary; σ, Variance.
Fig. 3 Protozoan community α diversity in the study area. M, Mainstream; T, Tributary.
Fig. 4 β diversity analysis of protozoan communities in the study area. Total β diversity of the protozoan community and the proportion of each component (a). Decomposition of the β diversity component of the community (b). All, All river reaches; M, Mainstream; T, Tributary; *, Mean; n, Sample point pair; Repl and Richdiff denote the two components of β diversity.
Fig. 5 Protozoan community PCoA analysis (a) and geographic pattern analysis for the all river section (b), mainstream section (c), and tributary section (d) in the study area. All, All river reaches; M, Mainstream; T, Tributary.
Fig. 6 Protozoan community co-occurrence pattern analysis in the study area. Shared ASVs (a) and the taxa they belong to (b), community co-occurrence network (c). All, All river reaches; M, Mainstream; T, Tributary.
| 网络拓扑指标 Network topology indicators | 全河段 All river reaches (All) | 干流 Mainstream (M) | 支流 Tributary (T) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 连接数 Number of connections | 4,171 | 6,397 | 5,044 |
| 平均度 Average degree | 27.807 | 42.647 | 33.627 |
| 网络直径 Network diameter | 8 | 4 | 6 |
| 平均路径长度 Mean path length | 2.641 | 2.201 | 2.422 |
| 图密度 Density of figure | 0.093 | 0.143 | 0.112 |
| 模块化系数 Modularity coefficient | 0.815 | 1.410 | 0.909 |
| 平均聚类系数 Mean clustering coefficient | 0.614 | 0.511 | 0.557 |
| 正相关占比 Positive correlation (%) | 82.6 | 64.5 | 73.5 |
| 负相关占比 Negative correlation (%) | 17.4 | 35.5 | 26.5 |
Table 1 The topological characteristics of co-occurrence networks of protozoan communities
| 网络拓扑指标 Network topology indicators | 全河段 All river reaches (All) | 干流 Mainstream (M) | 支流 Tributary (T) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 连接数 Number of connections | 4,171 | 6,397 | 5,044 |
| 平均度 Average degree | 27.807 | 42.647 | 33.627 |
| 网络直径 Network diameter | 8 | 4 | 6 |
| 平均路径长度 Mean path length | 2.641 | 2.201 | 2.422 |
| 图密度 Density of figure | 0.093 | 0.143 | 0.112 |
| 模块化系数 Modularity coefficient | 0.815 | 1.410 | 0.909 |
| 平均聚类系数 Mean clustering coefficient | 0.614 | 0.511 | 0.557 |
| 正相关占比 Positive correlation (%) | 82.6 | 64.5 | 73.5 |
| 负相关占比 Negative correlation (%) | 17.4 | 35.5 | 26.5 |
Fig. 7 Correlation analysis between protozoan communities and environmental factors in the study area. EC, Electrical conductivity; WT, Water temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; TUR, Turbidity; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; NH4+-N, Ammonia nitrogen; COD, Chemical oxygen demand; WS, Waterflow speed; ALT, Altitude; M, Mainstream; T, Tributary.
| 样点 Site | pH | EC (mg/L) | WT (℃) | DO (mg/L) | TUR (NTU) | TN (mg/L) | TP (mg/L) | NH4+-N (mg/L) | COD (mg/L) | WS (m/s) | ALT (km) | 河段 Reach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | 8.21 ± 0.03 | 230.67 ± 1.25 | 17.04 ± 0.11 | 5.53 ± 0.74 | 248.67 ± 17.91 | 0.74 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 3.54 | M |
| L2 | 8.66 ± 0.02 | 223.67 ± 0.47 | 21.02 ± 0.00 | 5.40 ± 0.02 | 530.00 ± 56.79 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 13.00 | 0.40 | 3.53 | M |
| L3 | 4.99 ± 0.12 | 457.67 ± 0.82 | 15.17 ± 0.06 | 5.78 ± 0.20 | 81.33 ± 2.73 | 0.57 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 98.00 | 0.70 | 3.71 | T |
| L4 | 6.76 ± 0.64 | 317.00 ± 0.82 | 12.44 ± 0.22 | 5.45 ± 0.08 | 14.07 ± 0.51 | 0.45 | 12.50 | 0.11 | 5.00 | 0.60 | 4.11 | T |
| L5 | 4.86 ± 0.12 | 248.00 ± 0.82 | 10.48 ± 0.06 | 4.87 ± 0.20 | 6.08 ± 1.09 | 0.89 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 4.00 | 1.10 | 4.51 | T |
| L6 | 7.62 ± 0.12 | 117.00 ± 0.00 | 6.58 ± 0.02 | 6.33 ± 0.24 | 10.93 ± 0.62 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 12.00 | 1.70 | 4.22 | T |
| L7 | 7.89 ± 0.04 | 148.67 ± 0.47 | 6.15 ± 0.04 | 6.08 ± 0.07 | 10.63 ± 0.87 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 2.00 | 0.40 | 4.74 | T |
| L8 | 8.23 ± 0.01 | 226.67 ± 0.47 | 19.34 ± 0.04 | 5.24 ± 0.10 | 269.67 ± 11.09 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 3.51 | M |
| L9 | 8.08 ± 0.07 | 366.00 ± 0.00 | 13.72 ± 0.00 | 6.01 ± 0.01 | 394.33 ± 4.11 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 6.00 | 0.60 | 3.57 | T |
| L10 | 8.32 ±0.02 | 321.33 ± 6.60 | 13.25 ± 0.01 | 5.26 ± 0.39 | 59.43 ± 3.72 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 2.00 | 1.30 | 3.88 | M |
| L11 | 8.22 ± 0.04 | 105.00 ± 0.00 | 11.20 ±0.02 | 6.47 ± 0.33 | 26.33 ± 0.93 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.40 | 3.51 | T |
| L12 | 8.27 ± 0.02 | 99.00 ± 0.82 | 9.87 ± 0.47 | 6.18 ± 0.20 | 9.97 ± 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 2.00 | 0.70 | 3.75 | T |
| L13 | 8.34 ± 0.04 | 219.00 ± 0.00 | 18.76 ± 0.00 | 8.26 ± 0.08 | 137.00 ± 3.56 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 2.00 | 1.90 | 3.17 | M |
| L14 | 8.16 ± 0.20 | 96.00 ± 0.00 | 10.01 ± 0.01 | 6.78 ± 0.11 | 5.85 ± 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 2.00 | 1.90 | 3.37 | T |
| L15 | 8.16 ± 0.03 | 108.33 ± 0.94 | 9.83 ± 0.07 | 6.23 ± 0.06 | 6.32 ± 0.52 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 5.00 | 0.50 | 4.14 | T |
| L16 | 8.40 ± 0.03 | 215.00 ± 0.00 | 19.35 ± 0.04 | 6.38 ± 0.09 | 118.33 ± 7.32 | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 7.00 | 0.20 | 3.12 | M |
| L17 | 8.37 ± 0.06 | 208.00 ± 0.00 | 18.38 ± 0.00 | 6.76 ± 0.13 | 154.67 ± 3.68 | 0.96 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 2.00 | 0.60 | 3.68 | M |
| L18 | 8.05 ± 0.22 | 244.00 ± 5.19 | 10.83 ± 0.00 | 7.14 ± 0.08 | 37.97 ± 1.81 | 0.44 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 2.00 | 1.60 | 3.01 | T |
| L19 | 8.47 ± 0.02 | 181.00 ± 0.00 | 9.66 ± 0.05 | 7.02 ± 0.12 | 9.86 ± 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 3.48 | T |
| L20 | 8.38 ± 0.01 | 204.00 ± 0.00 | 18.25 ± 0.08 | 6.51 ± 0.04 | 113.33 ± 0.47 | 1.69 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 2.00 | 0.70 | 2.95 | M |
| L21 | 8.38 ± 0.03 | 202.00 ± 0.00 | 18.21 ± 0.02 | 6.34 ± 0.18 | 118.33 ± 4.50 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 2.00 | 0.10 | 2.93 | M |
| L22 | 8.33 ± 0.00 | 69.33 ± 0.94 | 11.41 ± 0.01 | 7.03 ± 0.02 | 10.61 ± 0.64 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.96 | T |
| L23 | 8.29 ± 0.06 | 75.00 ± 0.00 | 10.63 ± 0.00 | 6.71 ± 0.08 | 8.11 ± 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 14.00 | 3.10 | 3.20 | T |
| L24 | 8.27 ± 0.06 | 166.00 ± 0.00 | 16.68 ± 0.00 | 6.69 ± 0.05 | 93.30 ± 3.00 | 0.63 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 11.00 | 0.10 | 2.91 | M |
| L25 | 8.07 ± 0.10 | 71.33 ± 0.47 | 10.42 ± 0.03 | 7.21 ± 0.10 | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 0.51 | 20.90 | 0.08 | 94.00 | 1.20 | 2.91 | T |
| L26 | 8.21 ± 0.06 | 77.00 ± 0.00 | 9.73 ± 0.66 | 7.15 ± 0.06 | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 43.00 | 0.70 | 2.79 | T |
| L27 | 8.21 ± 0.01 | 142.00 ± 0.00 | 16.71 ± 0.09 | 6.74 ± 0.04 | 75.27 ± 1.20 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 6.00 | 0.10 | 2.89 | M |
| L28 | 8.24 ± 0.02 | 135.00 ± 0.00 | 18.54 ± 0.25 | 6.54 ± 0.21 | 78.90 ± 3.52 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 2.87 | M |
Table 2 Physicochemical factors of water bodies in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. EC, Electrical conductivity; WT, Water temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; TUR, Turbidity; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; NH4+-N, Ammonia nitrogen; COD, Chemical oxygen demand; WS, Water flow speed; ALT, Altitude. T, Tributary; M, Mainstream.
| 样点 Site | pH | EC (mg/L) | WT (℃) | DO (mg/L) | TUR (NTU) | TN (mg/L) | TP (mg/L) | NH4+-N (mg/L) | COD (mg/L) | WS (m/s) | ALT (km) | 河段 Reach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | 8.21 ± 0.03 | 230.67 ± 1.25 | 17.04 ± 0.11 | 5.53 ± 0.74 | 248.67 ± 17.91 | 0.74 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 3.54 | M |
| L2 | 8.66 ± 0.02 | 223.67 ± 0.47 | 21.02 ± 0.00 | 5.40 ± 0.02 | 530.00 ± 56.79 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 13.00 | 0.40 | 3.53 | M |
| L3 | 4.99 ± 0.12 | 457.67 ± 0.82 | 15.17 ± 0.06 | 5.78 ± 0.20 | 81.33 ± 2.73 | 0.57 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 98.00 | 0.70 | 3.71 | T |
| L4 | 6.76 ± 0.64 | 317.00 ± 0.82 | 12.44 ± 0.22 | 5.45 ± 0.08 | 14.07 ± 0.51 | 0.45 | 12.50 | 0.11 | 5.00 | 0.60 | 4.11 | T |
| L5 | 4.86 ± 0.12 | 248.00 ± 0.82 | 10.48 ± 0.06 | 4.87 ± 0.20 | 6.08 ± 1.09 | 0.89 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 4.00 | 1.10 | 4.51 | T |
| L6 | 7.62 ± 0.12 | 117.00 ± 0.00 | 6.58 ± 0.02 | 6.33 ± 0.24 | 10.93 ± 0.62 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 12.00 | 1.70 | 4.22 | T |
| L7 | 7.89 ± 0.04 | 148.67 ± 0.47 | 6.15 ± 0.04 | 6.08 ± 0.07 | 10.63 ± 0.87 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 2.00 | 0.40 | 4.74 | T |
| L8 | 8.23 ± 0.01 | 226.67 ± 0.47 | 19.34 ± 0.04 | 5.24 ± 0.10 | 269.67 ± 11.09 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 3.51 | M |
| L9 | 8.08 ± 0.07 | 366.00 ± 0.00 | 13.72 ± 0.00 | 6.01 ± 0.01 | 394.33 ± 4.11 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 6.00 | 0.60 | 3.57 | T |
| L10 | 8.32 ±0.02 | 321.33 ± 6.60 | 13.25 ± 0.01 | 5.26 ± 0.39 | 59.43 ± 3.72 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 2.00 | 1.30 | 3.88 | M |
| L11 | 8.22 ± 0.04 | 105.00 ± 0.00 | 11.20 ±0.02 | 6.47 ± 0.33 | 26.33 ± 0.93 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.40 | 3.51 | T |
| L12 | 8.27 ± 0.02 | 99.00 ± 0.82 | 9.87 ± 0.47 | 6.18 ± 0.20 | 9.97 ± 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 2.00 | 0.70 | 3.75 | T |
| L13 | 8.34 ± 0.04 | 219.00 ± 0.00 | 18.76 ± 0.00 | 8.26 ± 0.08 | 137.00 ± 3.56 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 2.00 | 1.90 | 3.17 | M |
| L14 | 8.16 ± 0.20 | 96.00 ± 0.00 | 10.01 ± 0.01 | 6.78 ± 0.11 | 5.85 ± 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 2.00 | 1.90 | 3.37 | T |
| L15 | 8.16 ± 0.03 | 108.33 ± 0.94 | 9.83 ± 0.07 | 6.23 ± 0.06 | 6.32 ± 0.52 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 5.00 | 0.50 | 4.14 | T |
| L16 | 8.40 ± 0.03 | 215.00 ± 0.00 | 19.35 ± 0.04 | 6.38 ± 0.09 | 118.33 ± 7.32 | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 7.00 | 0.20 | 3.12 | M |
| L17 | 8.37 ± 0.06 | 208.00 ± 0.00 | 18.38 ± 0.00 | 6.76 ± 0.13 | 154.67 ± 3.68 | 0.96 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 2.00 | 0.60 | 3.68 | M |
| L18 | 8.05 ± 0.22 | 244.00 ± 5.19 | 10.83 ± 0.00 | 7.14 ± 0.08 | 37.97 ± 1.81 | 0.44 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 2.00 | 1.60 | 3.01 | T |
| L19 | 8.47 ± 0.02 | 181.00 ± 0.00 | 9.66 ± 0.05 | 7.02 ± 0.12 | 9.86 ± 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 3.48 | T |
| L20 | 8.38 ± 0.01 | 204.00 ± 0.00 | 18.25 ± 0.08 | 6.51 ± 0.04 | 113.33 ± 0.47 | 1.69 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 2.00 | 0.70 | 2.95 | M |
| L21 | 8.38 ± 0.03 | 202.00 ± 0.00 | 18.21 ± 0.02 | 6.34 ± 0.18 | 118.33 ± 4.50 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 2.00 | 0.10 | 2.93 | M |
| L22 | 8.33 ± 0.00 | 69.33 ± 0.94 | 11.41 ± 0.01 | 7.03 ± 0.02 | 10.61 ± 0.64 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.96 | T |
| L23 | 8.29 ± 0.06 | 75.00 ± 0.00 | 10.63 ± 0.00 | 6.71 ± 0.08 | 8.11 ± 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 14.00 | 3.10 | 3.20 | T |
| L24 | 8.27 ± 0.06 | 166.00 ± 0.00 | 16.68 ± 0.00 | 6.69 ± 0.05 | 93.30 ± 3.00 | 0.63 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 11.00 | 0.10 | 2.91 | M |
| L25 | 8.07 ± 0.10 | 71.33 ± 0.47 | 10.42 ± 0.03 | 7.21 ± 0.10 | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 0.51 | 20.90 | 0.08 | 94.00 | 1.20 | 2.91 | T |
| L26 | 8.21 ± 0.06 | 77.00 ± 0.00 | 9.73 ± 0.66 | 7.15 ± 0.06 | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 43.00 | 0.70 | 2.79 | T |
| L27 | 8.21 ± 0.01 | 142.00 ± 0.00 | 16.71 ± 0.09 | 6.74 ± 0.04 | 75.27 ± 1.20 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 6.00 | 0.10 | 2.89 | M |
| L28 | 8.24 ± 0.02 | 135.00 ± 0.00 | 18.54 ± 0.25 | 6.54 ± 0.21 | 78.90 ± 3.52 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 2.87 | M |
| 分组 Group | 级别 Rank | 理化因子 Physicochemical factors | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient (ρ) | 显著性 Significance (P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | 1 | pH、WT、ALT | 0.4971 | 0.01 |
| 2 | pH、WT、WS、ALT | 0.4966 | 0.01 | |
| 3 | WT、ALT | 0.4820 | 0.01 | |
| 4 | pH、EC、WT、WS、ALT | 0.4760 | 0.01 | |
| 5 | pH、EC、WT、DO、WS、ALT | 0.4663 | 0.01 | |
| M | 1 | EC | 0.7565 | 0.01 |
| 2 | EC、ALT | 0.7513 | 0.01 | |
| 3 | EC、WT、ALT | 0.7369 | 0.01 | |
| 4 | pH、EC、WT、ALT | 0.6818 | 0.01 | |
| 5 | pH、EC、WT、TUR、ALT | 0.6818 | 0.01 |
Table 3 BIOENV analysis of physicochemical factors and protozoan communities. EC, Electrical conductivity; WT, Water temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; TUR, Turbidity; WS, Water flow speed; ALT, Altitude; T, Tributary; M, Mainstream.
| 分组 Group | 级别 Rank | 理化因子 Physicochemical factors | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient (ρ) | 显著性 Significance (P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | 1 | pH、WT、ALT | 0.4971 | 0.01 |
| 2 | pH、WT、WS、ALT | 0.4966 | 0.01 | |
| 3 | WT、ALT | 0.4820 | 0.01 | |
| 4 | pH、EC、WT、WS、ALT | 0.4760 | 0.01 | |
| 5 | pH、EC、WT、DO、WS、ALT | 0.4663 | 0.01 | |
| M | 1 | EC | 0.7565 | 0.01 |
| 2 | EC、ALT | 0.7513 | 0.01 | |
| 3 | EC、WT、ALT | 0.7369 | 0.01 | |
| 4 | pH、EC、WT、ALT | 0.6818 | 0.01 | |
| 5 | pH、EC、WT、TUR、ALT | 0.6818 | 0.01 |
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