The responses of soil protozoan communities to Quercus aquifolioides: recovery after cutting and growing season dynamics

doi:10.17520/biods.2015121

Abstract

Abstract:

The eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is fragile but offers important ecological services. Because of frequent cutting, local biodiversity is seriously threatened. This makes ecological recovery from logging become a research hot spot. Protozoa as a biological indicator in ecological restoration plays an important role. In this paper, we selected four types of Quercus aquifolioides forests (mature stands, clearcuts for secondary growth aged 20 years, 10 years and 1 year) to study the alteration of soil physicochemical properties and protozoa quantity along different months during growing season. The main results showed that: (1) The amount of flagellates in the second growth forests within 10 years (193 ind./g dry soil) and within 1 year (164 ind./g dry soil) were significantly higher than that in the mature stands (22 ind./g dry soil), while the amount of amoebae was the most in the second growth forest within 1 year (600 ind./g dry soil). Ciliate quantities increased gradually along with the recovery after clearcuts. (2) Protozoa community quantities first showed a significant increase and then decrease with months during the growing season, the abundance of flagellates reach a peak in July, the amount of amoebae was largest in August and ciliate abundance was much greater in the other three months than June. (3) The amount of protozoa closely related to soil physicochemical properties. The amount of flagellates were positively significantly correlated to pH (P = 0.019), ciliate quantity was positively correlated with amino nitrogen (P = 0.002) and C/N ratio (P = 0.022), and amoebae quantity was negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen (P = 0.008) and C/N ratio (P = 0.016). The results suggested a great fluctuation of protozoa communities in the growing season affected by soil physicochemical properties. Ciliates communities showed a positive response, while flagellate and amoebae showed a negative response, to the recovery of Quercus aquifolioides forest after cutting.

Key words: Quercus aquifolioides forest, cutting, growing season, biological indicator, soil protozoan

Lingjuan Li, Qinli Xiong, Kaiwen Pan, Lin Zhang. The responses of soil protozoan communities to Quercus aquifolioides: recovery after cutting and growing season dynamics[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2015, 23(6): 793-801.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2015121

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2015/V23/I6/793

Figures/Tables 5

References 38

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处理 Treatment	坡度 Slope (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)	灌丛盖度 Shrub canopy coverage	灌丛高度 Shrub height (m)
原始林 Mature stand (O)	23 ± 3	3,280	0.92 ± 0.06 ^a	4.13 ± 0.27 ^a
恢复20年 20 yr second forest (T)	23 ± 3	3,265	0.84 ± 0.05 ^b	2.45 ± 0.19^b
恢复10年 10 yr second forest (N)	23 ± 3	3,270	0.76 ± 0.05 ^b	1.98 ± 0.23 ^c
恢复1年 1 yr second forest (R)	23 ± 3	3,250	0.02 ± 0.00 ^c	0.08 ± 0.03 ^d

处理 Treatment	坡度 Slope (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)	灌丛盖度 Shrub canopy coverage	灌丛高度 Shrub height (m)
原始林 Mature stand (O)	23 ± 3	3,280	0.92 ± 0.06 ^a	4.13 ± 0.27 ^a
恢复20年 20 yr second forest (T)	23 ± 3	3,265	0.84 ± 0.05 ^b	2.45 ± 0.19^b
恢复10年 10 yr second forest (N)	23 ± 3	3,270	0.76 ± 0.05 ^b	1.98 ± 0.23 ^c
恢复1年 1 yr second forest (R)	23 ± 3	3,250	0.02 ± 0.00 ^c	0.08 ± 0.03 ^d

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
土壤含水率 Soil moisture (%)	O	48.58 ± 3.70	37.38 ± 2.83	39.59 ± 2.03	52.67 ± 4.19
	T	45.26 ± 1.37	33.19 ± 2.31	37.55 ± 2.45	47.59 ± 2.48
	N	39.01 ± 4.01	33.06 ± 3.60	29.26 ± 2.76	42.12 ± 2.58
	R	39.43 ± 1.07	31.64 ± 0.58	38.16 ± 0.27	47.40 ± 0.47
pH	O	4.25 ± 4.25	4.45 ± 4.45	5.13 ± 5.13	4.92 ± 4.92
	T	4.86 ± 0.13	4.82 ± 0.13	5.08 ± 0.10	4.58 ± 0.16
	N	5.69 ± 0.29	5.33 ± 0.16	5.54 ± 0.08	5.27 ± 0.28
	R	5.03 ± 0.36	5.22 ± 0.31	6.23 ± 0.12	6.99 ± 0.16
铵态氮 Amino nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	13.09 ± 1.13	4.30 ± 0.42	9.55 ± 0.54	34.18 ± 2.96
	T	10.63 ± 1.15	13.13 ± 0.97	10.75 ± 1.16	40.75 ± 1.77
	N	3.59 ± 0.80	9.54 ± 1.14	6.91 ± 0.81	12.20 ± 1.71
	R	4.51 ± 0.11	0.23 ± 0.10	4.14 ± 0.19	4.82 ± 0.27
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	25.96 ± 1.45	3.14 ± 0.68	29.26 ± 2.62	11.91 ± 2.56
	T	31.27 ± 3.78	11.23 ± 2.94	36.21 ± 2.01	22.27 ± 4.61
	N	30.59 ± 2.40	9.05 ± 1.37	13.12 ± 2.25	43.11 ± 3.32
	R	20.06 ± 2.61	6.11 ± 1.19	33.39 ± 2.32	52.12 ± 2.11
全氮 Total N (g/kg)	O	6.08 ± 0.09	5.00 ± 0.07	4.55 ± 0.08	5.89 ± 0.11
	T	4.58 ± 0.04	4.07 ± 0.02	4.43 ± 0.03	4.50 ± 0.03
	N	3.80 ± 0.04	3.52 ± 0.05	3.87 ± 0.03	3.99 ± 0.03
	R	4.79 ± 0.02	4.78 ± 0.01	5.37 ± 0.01	5.62 ± 0.01
全碳 Total C (g/kg)	O	82.27 ± 1.65	64.99 ± 1.11	55.52 ± 1.32	78.49 ± 2.03
	T	59.33 ± 0.58	51.77 ± 0.37	56.66 ± 0.42	54.73 ± 0.27
	N	42.44 ± 0.55	40.11 ± 0.75	43.27 ± 0.45	42.82 ± 0.51
	R	39.88 ± 0.17	40.95 ± 0.08	44.06 ± 0.06	49.79 ± 0.09
碳氮比 C/N ratio	O	13.23 ± 0.80	12.78 ± 0.52	12.50 ± 2.28	12.88 ± 0.79
	T	12.94 ± 0.20	12.71 ± 0.42	12.77 ± 0.33	12.18 ± 0.36
	N	11.10 ± 0.24	11.15 ± 0.63	11.12 ± 0.28	10.64 ± 0.74
	R	8.32 ± 0.03	8.58 ± 0.09	8.21 ± 0.11	8.86 ± 0.08
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	O	11.78 ± 1.03	13.58 ± 1.07	11.75 ± 1.37	9.64 ± 1.22
	T	11.57 ± 1.10	13.46 ± 1.14	11.88 ± 1.39	9.76 ± 1.18
	N	11.85 ± 1.11	13.68 ± 1.15	11.69 ± 1.39	9.59 ± 1.19
	R	12.15 ± 1.13	14.67 ± 1.21	12.83 ±1.35	10.55 ± 1.44
磷脂脂肪酸表征的微生物生物量	O	12.87 ± 2.95	9.87 ± 0.73	7.60 ± 0.83	5.14 ± 0.32
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)	T	4.46 ± 0.63	9.08 ± 1.28	5.18 ± 0.56	5.04 ± 0.55
(nmol/g)	N	9.75 ± 2.04	12.50 ± 1.30	4.84 ± 1.02	3.70 ± 0.49
	R	8.44 ± 0.40	8.35 ± 1.15	9.55 ± 1.45	4.78 ± 0.44

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
土壤含水率 Soil moisture (%)	O	48.58 ± 3.70	37.38 ± 2.83	39.59 ± 2.03	52.67 ± 4.19
	T	45.26 ± 1.37	33.19 ± 2.31	37.55 ± 2.45	47.59 ± 2.48
	N	39.01 ± 4.01	33.06 ± 3.60	29.26 ± 2.76	42.12 ± 2.58
	R	39.43 ± 1.07	31.64 ± 0.58	38.16 ± 0.27	47.40 ± 0.47
pH	O	4.25 ± 4.25	4.45 ± 4.45	5.13 ± 5.13	4.92 ± 4.92
	T	4.86 ± 0.13	4.82 ± 0.13	5.08 ± 0.10	4.58 ± 0.16
	N	5.69 ± 0.29	5.33 ± 0.16	5.54 ± 0.08	5.27 ± 0.28
	R	5.03 ± 0.36	5.22 ± 0.31	6.23 ± 0.12	6.99 ± 0.16
铵态氮 Amino nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	13.09 ± 1.13	4.30 ± 0.42	9.55 ± 0.54	34.18 ± 2.96
	T	10.63 ± 1.15	13.13 ± 0.97	10.75 ± 1.16	40.75 ± 1.77
	N	3.59 ± 0.80	9.54 ± 1.14	6.91 ± 0.81	12.20 ± 1.71
	R	4.51 ± 0.11	0.23 ± 0.10	4.14 ± 0.19	4.82 ± 0.27
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	25.96 ± 1.45	3.14 ± 0.68	29.26 ± 2.62	11.91 ± 2.56
	T	31.27 ± 3.78	11.23 ± 2.94	36.21 ± 2.01	22.27 ± 4.61
	N	30.59 ± 2.40	9.05 ± 1.37	13.12 ± 2.25	43.11 ± 3.32
	R	20.06 ± 2.61	6.11 ± 1.19	33.39 ± 2.32	52.12 ± 2.11
全氮 Total N (g/kg)	O	6.08 ± 0.09	5.00 ± 0.07	4.55 ± 0.08	5.89 ± 0.11
	T	4.58 ± 0.04	4.07 ± 0.02	4.43 ± 0.03	4.50 ± 0.03
	N	3.80 ± 0.04	3.52 ± 0.05	3.87 ± 0.03	3.99 ± 0.03
	R	4.79 ± 0.02	4.78 ± 0.01	5.37 ± 0.01	5.62 ± 0.01
全碳 Total C (g/kg)	O	82.27 ± 1.65	64.99 ± 1.11	55.52 ± 1.32	78.49 ± 2.03
	T	59.33 ± 0.58	51.77 ± 0.37	56.66 ± 0.42	54.73 ± 0.27
	N	42.44 ± 0.55	40.11 ± 0.75	43.27 ± 0.45	42.82 ± 0.51
	R	39.88 ± 0.17	40.95 ± 0.08	44.06 ± 0.06	49.79 ± 0.09
碳氮比 C/N ratio	O	13.23 ± 0.80	12.78 ± 0.52	12.50 ± 2.28	12.88 ± 0.79
	T	12.94 ± 0.20	12.71 ± 0.42	12.77 ± 0.33	12.18 ± 0.36
	N	11.10 ± 0.24	11.15 ± 0.63	11.12 ± 0.28	10.64 ± 0.74
	R	8.32 ± 0.03	8.58 ± 0.09	8.21 ± 0.11	8.86 ± 0.08
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	O	11.78 ± 1.03	13.58 ± 1.07	11.75 ± 1.37	9.64 ± 1.22
	T	11.57 ± 1.10	13.46 ± 1.14	11.88 ± 1.39	9.76 ± 1.18
	N	11.85 ± 1.11	13.68 ± 1.15	11.69 ± 1.39	9.59 ± 1.19
	R	12.15 ± 1.13	14.67 ± 1.21	12.83 ±1.35	10.55 ± 1.44
磷脂脂肪酸表征的微生物生物量	O	12.87 ± 2.95	9.87 ± 0.73	7.60 ± 0.83	5.14 ± 0.32
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)	T	4.46 ± 0.63	9.08 ± 1.28	5.18 ± 0.56	5.04 ± 0.55
(nmol/g)	N	9.75 ± 2.04	12.50 ± 1.30	4.84 ± 1.02	3.70 ± 0.49
	R	8.44 ± 0.40	8.35 ± 1.15	9.55 ± 1.45	4.78 ± 0.44

指标 Index	处理 Treatment		月份 Month		处理×月份 Treatment × Month
指标 Index	F	P	F	P	F	P
含水率 Soil moisture	4.267	0.029	6.186	0.029	0.686	0.578
pH值	25.600	0.000	40.044	0.000	34.024	0.000
铵态氮 Amino nitrogen	959.806	0.000	261.049	0.000	45.771	0.000
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen	1,337.074	0.000	20.403	0.001	14.887	0.000
全氮 Total N	437.802	0.000	3.700	0.020	1.711	0.122
全碳 Total C	214.283	0.000	0.017	0.898	0.659	0.593
碳氮比 C/N ratio	28.127	0.000	0.555	0.471	0.362	0.781
土壤温度 Soil temperature	8.174	0.000	94.545	0.000	0.404	0.751