Plant community assembly processes and key drivers in an arid inland river basin

doi:10.17520/biods.2021419

Biodiv Sci ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 21419. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021419

Special Issue: 物种形成与系统进化

• Original Papers: Plant Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles

Plant community assembly processes and key drivers in an arid inland river basin

Yin Wang¹^,², Jianming Wang¹^,², Mengjun Qu¹^,², Jingwen Li¹^,²^,^*()

1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2 Ejina Institute of Populus euphratica, Beijing Forestry University, Alxa, Inner Mongolia 735400

Received:2021-10-21 Accepted:2021-11-18 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-02-28
Contact: Jingwen Li
About author:*E-mail: Lijingwenhy@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims One of the determinants of water availability in drylands, groundwater plays a fundamental role in regulating plant traits, phylogeny, and community assemblage. However, considerable uncertainties exist regarding how groundwater depth influences the relative importance of community assembly process in plant communities, as well as how the influence differs among the above- and belowground components.

Methods By using the leaf and root functional traits, in addition to associated environmental factors in 230 plant communities in the lower reaches of an arid inland river basin, we attempted to uncover how the pattern of the community assembly process varied along a depth gradient of groundwater and the key drivers of this variation.

Results (1) Across all study sites, we found that the standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ) of leaf and root functional diversity determined using the plant individual species, mean functional traits and phylogenetic information was significantly less than zero. Functional clustering was pervasive among plant communities (90% of the traits). (2) Groundwater depth and soil variables together explained 13%-39% and 14%-48% of the variation in SES.RaoQ determined using leaf and root traits, respectively, and groundwater depth individually explained 13%-22% and 14%-36% of the variation. (3) The SES.RaoQ determined using leaf and root traits decreased as mean groundwater depth decreased, but it increased with increased groundwater depth seasonality. Root traits showed a faster shift in SES.RaoQ along groundwater depth gradients than leaf traits.

Conclusion Plant communities in an arid inland river basin are primarily affected by deterministic processes, which supports the niche theory. Most plant communities exhibited functional clustering. Groundwater depth is the key factor determining the relative importance of the community assembly process of plant communities. With the decrease of groundwater depths, the functional structure changes from a pattern of mostly overdispersion to a pattern of clustering. The variation in aboveground functional structure along groundwater gradients is highly consistent with that of the belowground functional structure, but the belowground component of plant communities may be more sensitive to changes in groundwater depth.

Key words: community assembly, leaf, root, groundwater depth, arid inland river basin

Yin Wang, Jianming Wang, Mengjun Qu, Jingwen Li. Plant community assembly processes and key drivers in an arid inland river basin[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 21419.

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Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Information on plant community and vegetation types in our study region

采样点 Site	植被类型 Vegetation type (中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会, 2007)	物种丰富度 Species richness	平均(范围)地下水位 Mean (Range) groundwater depth (m)	与河道的距离 Distance from the river channel (m)	海拔 Altitude (m)
1	胡杨疏林 Populus euphratica woodland	8.4 ± 1.8	1.30 (0.38-1.70)	32	959
2		7.8 ± 0.9	1.78 (1.43-2.16)	47	1,010
3		7.9 ± 1.4	1.80 (1.52-2.00)	99	939
4		4.4 ± 1.7	1.96 (1.76-2.23)	104	915
5		2.6 ± 0.7	2.30 (2.17-2.48)	230	1,064
6	多枝柽柳灌丛 Tamarix ramosissima scrub	6.2 ± 1.5	2.12 (1.77-2.38)	643	907
7		2.4 ± 0.7	2.93 (2.37-3.23)	1,698	951
8		2.8 ± 0.6	4.75 (4.39-4.97)	2,821	914
9		2.8 ± 1.2	5.04 (4.92-5.31)	3,397	903
10		3.9 ± 0.9	3.81 (3.71-3.92)	3,249	945
11		3.9 ± 0.7	2.53 (2.32-2.62)	831	946
12	膜果麻黄荒漠 Ephedra przewalskii desert	7.0 ± 0.8	2.70 (2.48-2.96)	641	1,027
13		5.2 ± 0.6	3.15 (3.09-3.21)	3,610	1,012
14		2.6 ± 0.7	3.54 (3.43-3.59)	1,941	945
15	霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert	6.1 ± 1.0	3.12 (2.93-3.22)	912	976
16	霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert	4.9 ± 0.9	3.92 (3.47-4.13)	2,562	1,032
17	泡泡刺荒漠 Nitraria sphaerocarpa desert	4.1 ± 1.4	4.21 (4.18-4.24)	4,288	993
18		2.9 ± 0.7	6.68 (6.66-6.70)	5,745	976
19		3.4 ± 0.7	6.24 (6.21-6.26)	4,842	932
20	沙拐枣荒漠 Calligonum mongolicum desert	3.2 ± 0.4	4.00 (3.78-4.18)	4,285	1,027
21	小果白刺荒漠 Nitraria sibirica desert	3.4 ± 0.8	5.45 (5.27-5.68)	4,029	960
22	红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongorica desert	6.0 ± 1.7	2.68 (2.48-2.85)	1,867	1,009
23		6.2 ± 1.2	2.85 (2.43-3.01)	649	980
24		2.6 ± 0.7	3.39 (2.65-3.91)	2,098	926
25		2.8 ± 0.8	3.79 (3.64-3.98)	4,300	928
26	沙蒿荒漠 Artemisia salsoloides desert	4.3 ± 1.2	2.77 (2.61-2.91)	2,097	937
27	沙蒿荒漠 Artemisia salsoloides desert	6.1 ± 2.0	2.78 (2.35-2.93)	1,429	985

Fig. 1 Geographic locations of study regions. (a) Heihe River basin and its main topographic features; (b) Distribution map of field survey sites.

Fig. 2 Functional structure in all plant communities across arid inland river basin. Functional structure evaluated based on the mean ± 95% confidence intervals of standardized effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ). * Significant differences between mean of SES.RaoQ and 0 at P < 0.05; NS, Not signiﬁcant. LPC, Leaf phosphorus concentration; LNC, Leaf nitrogen concentration; LA, Leaf area; SLA, Specific leaf area; RPC, Root phosphorus concentration; RNC, Root nitrogen concentration; RL, Root length; SRL, Specific root length.

Fig. 3 The proportion of functional or phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion in all plant communities across Heihe River basin. (a) Species trait values within each community; (b) Mean trait values across all plant communities. The gray line indicates the 50% of community. The full names of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

Table 2 Phylogenetic signal of plant functional traits

功能性状 Functional trait	Blomberg’s K	P
叶氮含量 Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC)	0.040	0.924
叶磷含量 Leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC)	0.124	0.357
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA)	0.084	0.630
叶面积 Leaf area (LA)	0.110	0.431
根氮含量 Root nitrogen concentration (RNC)	0.177	0.110
根磷含量 Root phosphorus concentration (RPC)	0.056	0.846
比根长 Specific root length (SRL)	0.210	0.059
根长 Root length (RL)	0.199	0.060

Fig. 4 Relative contribution of groundwater depth and soil variables for standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ). The independent contribution of each variable, expressed as the percentage of explained variance, is shown in each bar chart. Variance explained refers to the R2. Figures on the left show the parameter estimates (standardized coefficients) and the associated 95% confidence interval. Gray color represents for soil variables; Black color represents for groundwater depth. MGWD, Mean groundwater depth; SDGWD, Groundwater depth seasonality; SEC, Soil electric conductivity; SOC, Soil organic matter; SAN, Soil available nitrogen; SAP, Soil available phosphorus; SM, Soil moisture. The full names of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

Fig. 5 Change in standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ) (mean ± 95% confidence interval) along the gradients of mean groundwater depth (a) and groundwater depth seasonality (b). R is correlation coefficients. *** P < 0.001; NS, not significant. The full names of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

Fig. 6 Variations in standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ) along the mean groundwater depth gradient. Positive values (blue points) indicate functional overdispersion, while negative values (red points) indicate functional clustering. The meanings of abbreviations are the same as in Fig.2.

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Plant community assembly processes and key drivers in an arid inland river basin

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