Comprehensive comparison of different sampling methods for arthropod diversity in farmland

doi:10.17520/biods.2020034

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Arthropod biodiversity in farmlands has considerable value in terms of pest control, pollination, and other ecological services. To adequately assess arthropod biodiversity in farmlands, a fundamental step to select appropriate, accurate, and efficient sampling methods and identify appropriate indicator taxa.

Methods: Here, we compared several arthropod sampling methods in different types of agricultural habitats within organic managed and conventional managed farmland, including the surface trap cup method, coloured pan traps, the sweeping method, visual counting, and the vacuum-suction method. We compared the capture efficiency, economic costs, and response sensitivity of each method for different species assemblages.

Results: We found that the surface trap cup method and coloured pan traps had the highest capture efficiency, followed by the sweeping method, the vacuum-suction method, and visual counting, which had the lowest capture efficiency. Coloured pan traps was more efficient at capturing carabids, spiders, bees, and ladybugs. The surface trap cup method was mainly applicable to sampling ground spiders and carabids. The sweeping method was also effective at sampling spiders and ladybugs. In terms of economic costs, the most economical method was the surface trap cup method, which was used to capture carabids or spiders. The sweeping method had the highest cost due to its low capture efficiency of spiders. Sampling methods varied in their response sensitivity and were reasonably able to estimate abundances only of certain taxa (e.g., the number of spiders and carabids by the surface trap cup method, the total number of specimens, the number of bees, and the number of ladybugs by coloured pan traps, and the number of Orthoptera and Hemiptera by the sweeping method).

Conclusion: We further compared sampling methods after taking into account the economic value of the taxon, the difficulty of sampling operation, the difficulty of taxon identification, the degree of passive sampling, and whether the taxon was influenced by different individuals conducting the sampling. The most comprehensive method was the surface trap cup method targeting carabids and spiders. Using a combination of different sampling methods for multiple taxa is recommended to comprehensively evaluate and monitor overall farmland arthropod biodiversity, and our results suggest that the best combination includes sampling carabids and spiders using the surface trap cup method and sampling bees using coloured pan traps.

Key words: arthropod, sampling methods, farmland biodiversity, agricultural ecosystem, agricultural insect

Meichun Duan, Ruxia Qin, Hongbin Zhang, Baoxiong Chen, Bin Jin, Songbo Zhang, Shaopeng Ren, Shuquan Jin, Shenghai Zhu, Jianing Hua, Yunhui Liu, Zhenrong Yu. Comprehensive comparison of different sampling methods for arthropod diversity in farmland[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(4): 477-487.

Figures/Tables 6

References 41

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	挂盆法 Coloured pan traps	目测法 Visual counting	地陷法 Surface trap cup method	扫网法 Sweeping method
鞘翅目 Coleopteran	16.32 ± 3.74^a	4.73 ± 0.89^b	12.83 ± 3.35^a	5.10 ± 0.68^b
蜘蛛目 Araneae	18.36 ± 2.15^a	6.92 ± 0.90^c	23.52 ± 3.22^a	13.79 ± 2.17^b
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera	5.27 ± 1.39^a	0.40 ± 0.11^c	0.90 ± 0.25^b	0.27 ± 0.20^c
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	36.64 ± 10.19^a	15.05 ± 2.59^b	46.81 ± 10.28^a	2.53 ± 0.48^c
双翅目 Diptera	49.46 ± 14.62^a	3.55 ± 0.66^c	11.25 ± 1.97^b	5.40 ± 1.36^c
直翅目 Orthoptera	4.22 ± 1.09^b	3.18 ± 0.45^b	14.59 ± 2.42^a	4.29 ± 0.86^b
半翅目 Hemiptera	10.00 ± 1.94^a	6.56 ± 2.06^b	3.11 ± 0.69^c	15.81±3.09^a
总个体数 Total number of individuals	125.67 ± 21.11^a	100.60 ± 25.81^a	98.23 ± 13.88^a	39.50 ± 4.70^b

	挂盆法 Coloured pan traps	目测法 Visual counting	地陷法 Surface trap cup method	扫网法 Sweeping method
鞘翅目 Coleopteran	16.32 ± 3.74^a	4.73 ± 0.89^b	12.83 ± 3.35^a	5.10 ± 0.68^b
蜘蛛目 Araneae	18.36 ± 2.15^a	6.92 ± 0.90^c	23.52 ± 3.22^a	13.79 ± 2.17^b
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera	5.27 ± 1.39^a	0.40 ± 0.11^c	0.90 ± 0.25^b	0.27 ± 0.20^c
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	36.64 ± 10.19^a	15.05 ± 2.59^b	46.81 ± 10.28^a	2.53 ± 0.48^c
双翅目 Diptera	49.46 ± 14.62^a	3.55 ± 0.66^c	11.25 ± 1.97^b	5.40 ± 1.36^c
直翅目 Orthoptera	4.22 ± 1.09^b	3.18 ± 0.45^b	14.59 ± 2.42^a	4.29 ± 0.86^b
半翅目 Hemiptera	10.00 ± 1.94^a	6.56 ± 2.06^b	3.11 ± 0.69^c	15.81±3.09^a
总个体数 Total number of individuals	125.67 ± 21.11^a	100.60 ± 25.81^a	98.23 ± 13.88^a	39.50 ± 4.70^b

	挂盆法 Coloured pan trap	地陷法 Surface trap cup method	目测法 Visual counting	扫网法 Sweeping method	吸虫器法Vacuum-suction method
样地取样量(个) Sampling amount (PCS)	1,165	1,413	259	266	775
田间费时(时) Time consuming in the field (Hour)	60	48	29	27	30
室内费时(时) Time consuming indoor (Hour)	30	30	2	10	10
租车(天) Total rental time (Day)	3	3	2	2	2
人工费用(元) Labor cost (RMB)	2,250	1,950	775	925	1,000
租车费用(元) Car rental cost (RMB)	1,500	1,500	1,000	1,000	1,000
单次取样成本(元) Cost of one sampling (RMB)	3,750	3,450	1,775	1,925	2,000
取样次数 Sampling times	1.5	1.5	6	6	4
样地取样成本(元) Sampling cost (RMB)	5,625	5,175	10,650	11,550	8,000
器材成本(元) Equipment cost (RMB)	3,676	1,574	45	1,202	2,500
总成本(元) Total cost (RMB)	9,301	6,749	10,695	12,752	10,500

	挂盆法 Coloured pan trap	地陷法 Surface trap cup method	目测法 Visual counting	扫网法 Sweeping method	吸虫器法Vacuum-suction method
样地取样量(个) Sampling amount (PCS)	1,165	1,413	259	266	775
田间费时(时) Time consuming in the field (Hour)	60	48	29	27	30
室内费时(时) Time consuming indoor (Hour)	30	30	2	10	10
租车(天) Total rental time (Day)	3	3	2	2	2
人工费用(元) Labor cost (RMB)	2,250	1,950	775	925	1,000
租车费用(元) Car rental cost (RMB)	1,500	1,500	1,000	1,000	1,000
单次取样成本(元) Cost of one sampling (RMB)	3,750	3,450	1,775	1,925	2,000
取样次数 Sampling times	1.5	1.5	6	6	4
样地取样成本(元) Sampling cost (RMB)	5,625	5,175	10,650	11,550	8,000
器材成本(元) Equipment cost (RMB)	3,676	1,574	45	1,202	2,500
总成本(元) Total cost (RMB)	9,301	6,749	10,695	12,752	10,500

	管理措施 Management measure		不同生境 Habitats
	有机管理 Organic management	常规管理Conventional management	大棚蔬菜Greenhouse vegetable plot	果园 Orchard	露天农田 Open farmland	农田边界 Farmland boundary	水稻田埂 Rice field ridge
挂盆法Coloured pan traps
总个体数Total	886.93±59.17^A	622.38±60.90^B	480.17±61.14^c	601.50±66.37^bc	759±148.24^b	893.00±169.74^b	1,178.50±121.55^a
直翅目 Orthoptera	15.53±1.99^A	4.77±1.03^B	2.00±1.00^b	8.83±2.91^a	12.17±6.24^a	17.83±4.71^a	8.50±3.71^a
瓢虫Ladybug	19.33±2.61^A	7.54±1.08^B	5.00±2.03^b	17.00±5.30^a	21.67±4.50^a	17.83±4.97^a	4.67±1.28^b
膜翅目Hymenoptera	194.80±33.72^A	82.62±14.21^B	91.83±31.32^b	72.17±12.51^b	165.67±107.91^a	260.33±114.00^a	92.33±32.41^c
蜂类 Bee	124.67±13.22^A	35.77±4.91^B	11.17±3.27^b	115.33±34.61^a	107.67±27.01^a	82.00±24.29^a	81.67±29.44^a
步甲Carabidae	37.87±6.19^A	7.69±1.66^B	1.50±0.56^b	13.00±4.36^a	40.67±12.94^a	41.50 ±15.53^a	15.50±6.19^a
半翅目Hemipter	46.20±8.22^A	30.38±4.40^B	8.33±3.66^b	38.67±9.41^a	59.33±24.53^a	56.50±11.44^a	20.83±7.69^b
金龟子Scarab	29.67±7.93^A	5.69±0.96^B	1.33±0.49^bc	4.17±1.58^b	38.33±10.90^a	42.33±21.04^a	0.50±0.22^c
扫网法Sweeping method
直翅目Orthoptera	21.40±3.25^A	5.38±1.14^B	6.17±3.32^c	23.33±8.25^a	17.67±2.15^ab	9.67±2.84^ab	8.50±3.81^bc
地陷法 Coloured pan traps
蜘蛛Spider	176.13±15.47^A	110.54±10.65^B	107.83±27.88^bc	212.83±50.59^a	140.17±17.01^ab	136.50±8.11^ab	105.00±29.52^bc
步甲Carabidae	35.27±5.46^A	14.23±2.61^B	5.17±2.18^d	13.50±4.90^c	49.00±9.45^a	28.00±4.68^ab	25.00±12.55^bc