Reptilian fauna and elevational patterns of the reptile species diversity in Altay Prefecture in Xinjiang, China

doi:10.17520/biods.2017194

Abstract

Abstract:

The Altay Prefecture in China, which shares international boundaries with Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia, is a special area in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The diverse landform of this area encompasses mountainous terrain, vast plains and desert lands. We conducted three expeditions from 2014 to 2016 to survey reptiles of the Altay Prefecture. We actively searched for reptiles using spotlighting at night. We collected a total of 392 specimens, which we identified as 16 species belonging to six families of the order Squamata. Combined with previous literature, the number of reptile species in this region is now 23 representing eight families of the order Squamata. All these species belong to the Palearctic ecozone, including 17 mid-Asia species versus six Palearctic species. From the geographical view, this region is a transitional zone between Euro-Siberian and Central-Asiatic regions. Next, we assessed how reptile species diversity correlated with elevation, which corresponded with changes in environmental factors in this region. We found that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index showed a pattern of low-elevation plateaus with a mid-elevation peak, the Pielou evenness index showed a pattern of increasing, and the richness showed a pattern of decreasing. The peak values of Simpson dominance index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were observed in Group 2 (500-600 m). The Pielou evenness index peaked for Group 15 (1,800-1,900 m), and richness peaked for Group 10 (1,300-1,400 m). The three environmental variables (altitude, annual mean temperature and annual precipitation) only weakly explained the observed patterns of diversity, richness and evenness, but their combined explanatory power was stronger. In fact, the combination of altitude and annual mean temperature best explained the observed patterns in diversity, richness and evenness of reptiles in the Altay Prefecture.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201806006

Key words: Altay Prefecture, herpetofauna, elevational pattern, species diversity, environmental variables

Xiaqiu Tao, Shaopeng Cui, Zhigang Jiang, Hongjun Chu, Na Li, Daode Yang, Chunwang Li. Reptilian fauna and elevational patterns of the reptile species diversity in Altay Prefecture in Xinjiang, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(6): 578-589.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2017194

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2018/V26/I6/578

Figures/Tables 7

References 39

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样区 Sample area	海拔区间 Altitude range (m)	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	物种^Species^
1	1,100-1,200	47.96° N, 88.09° E	捷蜥蜴(2)、极北蝰(2) Lacerta agilis (2), Vipera berus (2)
2	1,300-1,400	47.98° N, 88.21° E	密点麻蜥(3) Eremias multiocellata (3)
3	800-900	47.83° N, 88.14° E	捷蜥蜴(5) Lacerta agilis (5)
4	900-1,000	47.89° N, 88.08° E	快步麻蜥(4) Eremias velox (4)
5	1,100-1,200	46.19° N, 90.86° E	奇台沙蜥(4)、旱地沙蜥(30)、变色沙蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (4), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (30), Phrynocephalus versicolor (2), Eremias multiocellata (2)
6	1,200-1,300	46.18° N, 90.76° E	新疆岩蜥(3)、旱地沙蜥(2) Laudakia stoliczkana (3), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2)
7	500-600	47.69° N, 86.82° E	奇台沙蜥(8)、快步麻蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(4)、捷蜥蜴(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (8), Eremias velox (2), Eremias multiocellata (4), Lacerta agilis (2)
8	400-500	47.84° N, 86.67° E	奇台沙蜥(12) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (12)
9	400-500	47.86° N, 86.14° E	奇台沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (6), Eremias vermiculata (1)
10	800-900	48.34° N, 86.21° E	捷蜥蜴(8) Lacerta agilis (8)
11	800-900	47.49° N, 86.19° E	捷蜥蜴(6) Lacerta agilis (6)
12	700-800	47.75° N, 87.79° E	捷蜥蜴(4)、黄脊东方蛇(2) Lacerta agilis (4), Orientocoluber spinalis (2)
13	400-500	47.42° N, 87.57° E	旱地沙蜥(6)、敏麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias arguta (2)
14	600-700	46.55° N, 88.27° E	旱地沙蜥(2)、快步麻蜥(6) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eremias velox (6)
15	900-1,000	46.70° N, 90.83° E	奇台沙蜥(15)、旱地沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (15), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3)
16	1,200-1,300	45.22° N, 89.54° E	旱地沙蜥(2)、红沙蟒(1) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eryx miliaris (1)
17	1,300-1,400	45.19° N, 89.17° E	旱地沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1)、快步麻蜥(2)、奇台沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias vermiculata (1), Eremias velox (2), Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (3)
18	900-1,000	45.05° N, 89.28° E	旱地沙蜥(20) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (20)
19	900-1,000	45.28° N, 88.82° E	奇台沙蜥(21) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (21)
20	900-1,000	47.15° N, 89.35° E	旱地沙蜥(25) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (25)
21	900-1,000	46.63° N, 89.99° E	奇台沙蜥(2)、旱地沙蜥(4) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (2), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (4)
22	1,700-1,800	49.03° N, 87.43° E	极北蝰(9)、捷蜥蜴(2) Vipera berus (9), Lacerta agilis (2)
23	1,500-1,600	48.99° N, 87.31° E	极北蝰(4)、捷蜥蜴(2)、胎蜥(1) Vipera berus (4), Lacerta agilis (2), Zootoca vivipara (1)
24	1,300-1,400	48.65° N, 86.72° E	敏麻蜥(1)、极北蝰(1)、隐耳漠虎(3) Eremias arguta (1), Vipera berus (1), Alsophylax pipiens (3)
25	500-600	47.56° N, 87.05° E	敏麻蜥(1)、旱地沙蜥(2) Eremias arguta (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2)
26	700-800	48.17° N, 87.14° E	白条锦蛇(1)、旱地沙蜥(3) Elaphe dione (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3)

样区 Sample area	海拔区间 Altitude range (m)	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	物种^Species^
1	1,100-1,200	47.96° N, 88.09° E	捷蜥蜴(2)、极北蝰(2) Lacerta agilis (2), Vipera berus (2)
2	1,300-1,400	47.98° N, 88.21° E	密点麻蜥(3) Eremias multiocellata (3)
3	800-900	47.83° N, 88.14° E	捷蜥蜴(5) Lacerta agilis (5)
4	900-1,000	47.89° N, 88.08° E	快步麻蜥(4) Eremias velox (4)
5	1,100-1,200	46.19° N, 90.86° E	奇台沙蜥(4)、旱地沙蜥(30)、变色沙蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (4), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (30), Phrynocephalus versicolor (2), Eremias multiocellata (2)
6	1,200-1,300	46.18° N, 90.76° E	新疆岩蜥(3)、旱地沙蜥(2) Laudakia stoliczkana (3), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2)
7	500-600	47.69° N, 86.82° E	奇台沙蜥(8)、快步麻蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(4)、捷蜥蜴(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (8), Eremias velox (2), Eremias multiocellata (4), Lacerta agilis (2)
8	400-500	47.84° N, 86.67° E	奇台沙蜥(12) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (12)
9	400-500	47.86° N, 86.14° E	奇台沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (6), Eremias vermiculata (1)
10	800-900	48.34° N, 86.21° E	捷蜥蜴(8) Lacerta agilis (8)
11	800-900	47.49° N, 86.19° E	捷蜥蜴(6) Lacerta agilis (6)
12	700-800	47.75° N, 87.79° E	捷蜥蜴(4)、黄脊东方蛇(2) Lacerta agilis (4), Orientocoluber spinalis (2)
13	400-500	47.42° N, 87.57° E	旱地沙蜥(6)、敏麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias arguta (2)
14	600-700	46.55° N, 88.27° E	旱地沙蜥(2)、快步麻蜥(6) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eremias velox (6)
15	900-1,000	46.70° N, 90.83° E	奇台沙蜥(15)、旱地沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (15), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3)
16	1,200-1,300	45.22° N, 89.54° E	旱地沙蜥(2)、红沙蟒(1) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eryx miliaris (1)
17	1,300-1,400	45.19° N, 89.17° E	旱地沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1)、快步麻蜥(2)、奇台沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias vermiculata (1), Eremias velox (2), Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (3)
18	900-1,000	45.05° N, 89.28° E	旱地沙蜥(20) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (20)
19	900-1,000	45.28° N, 88.82° E	奇台沙蜥(21) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (21)
20	900-1,000	47.15° N, 89.35° E	旱地沙蜥(25) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (25)
21	900-1,000	46.63° N, 89.99° E	奇台沙蜥(2)、旱地沙蜥(4) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (2), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (4)
22	1,700-1,800	49.03° N, 87.43° E	极北蝰(9)、捷蜥蜴(2) Vipera berus (9), Lacerta agilis (2)
23	1,500-1,600	48.99° N, 87.31° E	极北蝰(4)、捷蜥蜴(2)、胎蜥(1) Vipera berus (4), Lacerta agilis (2), Zootoca vivipara (1)
24	1,300-1,400	48.65° N, 86.72° E	敏麻蜥(1)、极北蝰(1)、隐耳漠虎(3) Eremias arguta (1), Vipera berus (1), Alsophylax pipiens (3)
25	500-600	47.56° N, 87.05° E	敏麻蜥(1)、旱地沙蜥(2) Eremias arguta (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2)
26	700-800	48.17° N, 87.14° E	白条锦蛇(1)、旱地沙蜥(3) Elaphe dione (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3)

变量 Variables	模型解释力 Explanatory power (R², %)	AIC	P	自由度 Effective degrees of freedom
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index
海拔 Altitude	45.9	19.57	0.040^*	4.30
年均温 AMT	17	24.10	0.036^*	1
年降水量 AP	4.39	27.81	0.00013^***	0.34
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP	51.1	20.16	P_Altitude= 0.050^*; P_AP= 0.78	υ_Altitude= 4.64; υ_AP= 1.28
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT	18.5	25.04	P_AMT= 0.056; P_AP= 0.51	υ_AMT= 1; υ_AP= 1
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT	52.4	25.61	P_AMT= 0.23; P_Altitude= 0.091	υ_AMT= 1; υ_Altitude= 4.62
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT	47.1	17.89	P_AMT= 0.00083^*; P_Altitude= 0.0043^; P_AP= 0.097	υ_AMT= 1; υ_Altitude= 1; υ_AP= 1.75
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index
海拔 Altitude	43.6	13.38	0.054	4.12
年均温 AMT	16.2	17.27	0.042^*	1
年降水量 AP	4.49	20.66	0.30	1
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP	49.1	13.93	P_Altitude= 0.061; P_AP= 0.68	υ_Altitude= 4.82; υ_AP= 1.00
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT	17.3	18.92	P_AMT= 0.072; P_AP= 0.58	υ_AMT= 1; υ_AP= 1
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT	51	12.62	P_AMT= 0.24; P_Altitude= 0.11	υ_AMT= 4.65; υ_Altitude= 1
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT	40.1	13.42	P_AMT= 0.0023^*; P_Altitude= 0.011^; P_AP= 0.18	υ_AMT= 1; υ_Altitude= 1; υ_AP= 1.45
丰富度 Richness
海拔 Altitude	36.5	63.08	0.096	3.67
年均温 AMT	17.7	64.49	0.033^*	1.01
年降水量 AP	44.8	62.89	0.095	5.38
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP	65.4	55.55	P_Altitude= 0.14; P_AP= 0.022^*	υ_Altitude= 2.06; υ_AP= 5.73
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT	37.3	63.77	P_AMT= 0.10; P_AP= 0.33	υ_AMT= 1.00; υ_AP= 3.17
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT	35.1	63.50	P_AMT= 0.13; P_Altitude= 0.29	υ_AMT= 1.00; υ_Altitude= 2.60
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT	69.6	51.72	P_AMT= 0.0053^; P_Altitude= 0.0047^; P_AP= 0.0097^**	υ_AMT= 1.00; υ_Altitude= 1.00; υ_AP= 5.57

变量 Variables	模型解释力 Explanatory power (R², %)	AIC	P	自由度 Effective degrees of freedom
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index
海拔 Altitude	45.9	19.57	0.040^*	4.30
年均温 AMT	17	24.10	0.036^*	1
年降水量 AP	4.39	27.81	0.00013^***	0.34
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP	51.1	20.16	P_Altitude= 0.050^*; P_AP= 0.78	υ_Altitude= 4.64; υ_AP= 1.28
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT	18.5	25.04	P_AMT= 0.056; P_AP= 0.51	υ_AMT= 1; υ_AP= 1
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT	52.4	25.61	P_AMT= 0.23; P_Altitude= 0.091	υ_AMT= 1; υ_Altitude= 4.62
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT	47.1	17.89	P_AMT= 0.00083^*; P_Altitude= 0.0043^; P_AP= 0.097	υ_AMT= 1; υ_Altitude= 1; υ_AP= 1.75
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index
海拔 Altitude	43.6	13.38	0.054	4.12
年均温 AMT	16.2	17.27	0.042^*	1
年降水量 AP	4.49	20.66	0.30	1
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP	49.1	13.93	P_Altitude= 0.061; P_AP= 0.68	υ_Altitude= 4.82; υ_AP= 1.00
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT	17.3	18.92	P_AMT= 0.072; P_AP= 0.58	υ_AMT= 1; υ_AP= 1
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT	51	12.62	P_AMT= 0.24; P_Altitude= 0.11	υ_AMT= 4.65; υ_Altitude= 1
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT	40.1	13.42	P_AMT= 0.0023^*; P_Altitude= 0.011^; P_AP= 0.18	υ_AMT= 1; υ_Altitude= 1; υ_AP= 1.45
丰富度 Richness
海拔 Altitude	36.5	63.08	0.096	3.67
年均温 AMT	17.7	64.49	0.033^*	1.01
年降水量 AP	44.8	62.89	0.095	5.38
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP	65.4	55.55	P_Altitude= 0.14; P_AP= 0.022^*	υ_Altitude= 2.06; υ_AP= 5.73
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT	37.3	63.77	P_AMT= 0.10; P_AP= 0.33	υ_AMT= 1.00; υ_AP= 3.17
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT	35.1	63.50	P_AMT= 0.13; P_Altitude= 0.29	υ_AMT= 1.00; υ_Altitude= 2.60
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT	69.6	51.72	P_AMT= 0.0053^; P_Altitude= 0.0047^; P_AP= 0.0097^**	υ_AMT= 1.00; υ_Altitude= 1.00; υ_AP= 5.57