Biodiv Sci ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 578-589. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017194
• Original Papers: Animal Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xiaqiu Tao1, Shaopeng Cui2,3, Zhigang Jiang2,3, Hongjun Chu4,5, Na Li2,3, Daode Yang1,*(), Chunwang Li2,3,*(
)
Received:
2018-05-08
Accepted:
2018-05-26
Online:
2018-06-20
Published:
2018-09-11
Contact:
Yang Daode,Li Chunwang
About author:
# Co-first authors
Xiaqiu Tao, Shaopeng Cui, Zhigang Jiang, Hongjun Chu, Na Li, Daode Yang, Chunwang Li. Reptilian fauna and elevational patterns of the reptile species diversity in Altay Prefecture in Xinjiang, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(6): 578-589.
样区 Sample area | 海拔区间 Altitude range (m) | 经纬度 Longitude and latitude | 物种* Species* |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1,100-1,200 | 47.96° N, 88.09° E | 捷蜥蜴(2)、极北蝰(2) Lacerta agilis (2), Vipera berus (2) |
2 | 1,300-1,400 | 47.98° N, 88.21° E | 密点麻蜥(3) Eremias multiocellata (3) |
3 | 800-900 | 47.83° N, 88.14° E | 捷蜥蜴(5) Lacerta agilis (5) |
4 | 900-1,000 | 47.89° N, 88.08° E | 快步麻蜥(4) Eremias velox (4) |
5 | 1,100-1,200 | 46.19° N, 90.86° E | 奇台沙蜥(4)、旱地沙蜥(30)、变色沙蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (4), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (30), Phrynocephalus versicolor (2), Eremias multiocellata (2) |
6 | 1,200-1,300 | 46.18° N, 90.76° E | 新疆岩蜥(3)、旱地沙蜥(2) Laudakia stoliczkana (3), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2) |
7 | 500-600 | 47.69° N, 86.82° E | 奇台沙蜥(8)、快步麻蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(4)、捷蜥蜴(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (8), Eremias velox (2), Eremias multiocellata (4), Lacerta agilis (2) |
8 | 400-500 | 47.84° N, 86.67° E | 奇台沙蜥(12) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (12) |
9 | 400-500 | 47.86° N, 86.14° E | 奇台沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (6), Eremias vermiculata (1) |
10 | 800-900 | 48.34° N, 86.21° E | 捷蜥蜴(8) Lacerta agilis (8) |
11 | 800-900 | 47.49° N, 86.19° E | 捷蜥蜴(6) Lacerta agilis (6) |
12 | 700-800 | 47.75° N, 87.79° E | 捷蜥蜴(4)、黄脊东方蛇(2) Lacerta agilis (4), Orientocoluber spinalis (2) |
13 | 400-500 | 47.42° N, 87.57° E | 旱地沙蜥(6)、敏麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias arguta (2) |
14 | 600-700 | 46.55° N, 88.27° E | 旱地沙蜥(2)、快步麻蜥(6) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eremias velox (6) |
15 | 900-1,000 | 46.70° N, 90.83° E | 奇台沙蜥(15)、旱地沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (15), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3) |
16 | 1,200-1,300 | 45.22° N, 89.54° E | 旱地沙蜥(2)、红沙蟒(1) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eryx miliaris (1) |
17 | 1,300-1,400 | 45.19° N, 89.17° E | 旱地沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1)、快步麻蜥(2)、奇台沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias vermiculata (1), Eremias velox (2), Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (3) |
18 | 900-1,000 | 45.05° N, 89.28° E | 旱地沙蜥(20) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (20) |
19 | 900-1,000 | 45.28° N, 88.82° E | 奇台沙蜥(21) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (21) |
20 | 900-1,000 | 47.15° N, 89.35° E | 旱地沙蜥(25) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (25) |
21 | 900-1,000 | 46.63° N, 89.99° E | 奇台沙蜥(2)、旱地沙蜥(4) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (2), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (4) |
22 | 1,700-1,800 | 49.03° N, 87.43° E | 极北蝰(9)、捷蜥蜴(2) Vipera berus (9), Lacerta agilis (2) |
23 | 1,500-1,600 | 48.99° N, 87.31° E | 极北蝰(4)、捷蜥蜴(2)、胎蜥(1) Vipera berus (4), Lacerta agilis (2), Zootoca vivipara (1) |
24 | 1,300-1,400 | 48.65° N, 86.72° E | 敏麻蜥(1)、极北蝰(1)、隐耳漠虎(3) Eremias arguta (1), Vipera berus (1), Alsophylax pipiens (3) |
25 | 500-600 | 47.56° N, 87.05° E | 敏麻蜥(1)、旱地沙蜥(2) Eremias arguta (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2) |
26 | 700-800 | 48.17° N, 87.14° E | 白条锦蛇(1)、旱地沙蜥(3) Elaphe dione (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3) |
Table 1 Result of reptile survey of 26 sample areas in Altay Prefecture
样区 Sample area | 海拔区间 Altitude range (m) | 经纬度 Longitude and latitude | 物种* Species* |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1,100-1,200 | 47.96° N, 88.09° E | 捷蜥蜴(2)、极北蝰(2) Lacerta agilis (2), Vipera berus (2) |
2 | 1,300-1,400 | 47.98° N, 88.21° E | 密点麻蜥(3) Eremias multiocellata (3) |
3 | 800-900 | 47.83° N, 88.14° E | 捷蜥蜴(5) Lacerta agilis (5) |
4 | 900-1,000 | 47.89° N, 88.08° E | 快步麻蜥(4) Eremias velox (4) |
5 | 1,100-1,200 | 46.19° N, 90.86° E | 奇台沙蜥(4)、旱地沙蜥(30)、变色沙蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (4), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (30), Phrynocephalus versicolor (2), Eremias multiocellata (2) |
6 | 1,200-1,300 | 46.18° N, 90.76° E | 新疆岩蜥(3)、旱地沙蜥(2) Laudakia stoliczkana (3), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2) |
7 | 500-600 | 47.69° N, 86.82° E | 奇台沙蜥(8)、快步麻蜥(2)、密点麻蜥(4)、捷蜥蜴(2) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (8), Eremias velox (2), Eremias multiocellata (4), Lacerta agilis (2) |
8 | 400-500 | 47.84° N, 86.67° E | 奇台沙蜥(12) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (12) |
9 | 400-500 | 47.86° N, 86.14° E | 奇台沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (6), Eremias vermiculata (1) |
10 | 800-900 | 48.34° N, 86.21° E | 捷蜥蜴(8) Lacerta agilis (8) |
11 | 800-900 | 47.49° N, 86.19° E | 捷蜥蜴(6) Lacerta agilis (6) |
12 | 700-800 | 47.75° N, 87.79° E | 捷蜥蜴(4)、黄脊东方蛇(2) Lacerta agilis (4), Orientocoluber spinalis (2) |
13 | 400-500 | 47.42° N, 87.57° E | 旱地沙蜥(6)、敏麻蜥(2) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias arguta (2) |
14 | 600-700 | 46.55° N, 88.27° E | 旱地沙蜥(2)、快步麻蜥(6) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eremias velox (6) |
15 | 900-1,000 | 46.70° N, 90.83° E | 奇台沙蜥(15)、旱地沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (15), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3) |
16 | 1,200-1,300 | 45.22° N, 89.54° E | 旱地沙蜥(2)、红沙蟒(1) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2), Eryx miliaris (1) |
17 | 1,300-1,400 | 45.19° N, 89.17° E | 旱地沙蜥(6)、虫纹麻蜥(1)、快步麻蜥(2)、奇台沙蜥(3) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (6), Eremias vermiculata (1), Eremias velox (2), Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (3) |
18 | 900-1,000 | 45.05° N, 89.28° E | 旱地沙蜥(20) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (20) |
19 | 900-1,000 | 45.28° N, 88.82° E | 奇台沙蜥(21) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (21) |
20 | 900-1,000 | 47.15° N, 89.35° E | 旱地沙蜥(25) Phrynocephalus helioscopus (25) |
21 | 900-1,000 | 46.63° N, 89.99° E | 奇台沙蜥(2)、旱地沙蜥(4) Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (2), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (4) |
22 | 1,700-1,800 | 49.03° N, 87.43° E | 极北蝰(9)、捷蜥蜴(2) Vipera berus (9), Lacerta agilis (2) |
23 | 1,500-1,600 | 48.99° N, 87.31° E | 极北蝰(4)、捷蜥蜴(2)、胎蜥(1) Vipera berus (4), Lacerta agilis (2), Zootoca vivipara (1) |
24 | 1,300-1,400 | 48.65° N, 86.72° E | 敏麻蜥(1)、极北蝰(1)、隐耳漠虎(3) Eremias arguta (1), Vipera berus (1), Alsophylax pipiens (3) |
25 | 500-600 | 47.56° N, 87.05° E | 敏麻蜥(1)、旱地沙蜥(2) Eremias arguta (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (2) |
26 | 700-800 | 48.17° N, 87.14° E | 白条锦蛇(1)、旱地沙蜥(3) Elaphe dione (1), Phrynocephalus helioscopus (3) |
Fig. 2 Change of reptile species diversity along the elevational gradient. Dot represents observed species diversity. Grey solid line represents the predicted diversity by model. Dashed grey lines represent 95% confident intervals of predicted diversity.
变量 Variables | 模型解释力 Explanatory power (R2, %) | AIC | P | 自由度 Effective degrees of freedom |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | ||||
海拔 Altitude | 45.9 | 19.57 | 0.040* | 4.30 |
年均温 AMT | 17 | 24.10 | 0.036* | 1 |
年降水量 AP | 4.39 | 27.81 | 0.00013*** | 0.34 |
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP | 51.1 | 20.16 | PAltitude = 0.050*; PAP = 0.78 | υAltitude = 4.64; υAP = 1.28 |
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT | 18.5 | 25.04 | PAMT = 0.056; PAP = 0.51 | υAMT = 1; υAP = 1 |
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT | 52.4 | 25.61 | PAMT = 0.23; PAltitude = 0.091 | υAMT = 1; υAltitude = 4.62 |
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT | 47.1 | 17.89 | PAMT = 0.00083***; PAltitude = 0.0043**; PAP = 0.097 | υAMT = 1; υAltitude = 1; υAP = 1.75 |
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | ||||
海拔 Altitude | 43.6 | 13.38 | 0.054 | 4.12 |
年均温 AMT | 16.2 | 17.27 | 0.042* | 1 |
年降水量 AP | 4.49 | 20.66 | 0.30 | 1 |
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP | 49.1 | 13.93 | PAltitude = 0.061; PAP = 0.68 | υAltitude = 4.82; υAP = 1.00 |
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT | 17.3 | 18.92 | PAMT = 0.072; PAP = 0.58 | υAMT = 1; υAP = 1 |
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT | 51 | 12.62 | PAMT = 0.24; PAltitude = 0.11 | υAMT = 4.65; υAltitude = 1 |
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT | 40.1 | 13.42 | PAMT = 0.0023**; PAltitude = 0.011*; PAP = 0.18 | υAMT = 1; υAltitude = 1; υAP = 1.45 |
丰富度 Richness | ||||
海拔 Altitude | 36.5 | 63.08 | 0.096 | 3.67 |
年均温 AMT | 17.7 | 64.49 | 0.033* | 1.01 |
年降水量 AP | 44.8 | 62.89 | 0.095 | 5.38 |
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP | 65.4 | 55.55 | PAltitude = 0.14; PAP = 0.022* | υAltitude = 2.06; υAP = 5.73 |
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT | 37.3 | 63.77 | PAMT = 0.10; PAP = 0.33 | υAMT = 1.00; υAP = 3.17 |
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT | 35.1 | 63.50 | PAMT = 0.13; PAltitude = 0.29 | υAMT = 1.00; υAltitude = 2.60 |
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT | 69.6 | 51.72 | PAMT = 0.0053**; PAltitude = 0.0047**; PAP = 0.0097** | υAMT = 1.00; υAltitude = 1.00; υAP = 5.57 |
Table 2 Generalized additive models for the species diversity of reptiles in Altay Prefecture
变量 Variables | 模型解释力 Explanatory power (R2, %) | AIC | P | 自由度 Effective degrees of freedom |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | ||||
海拔 Altitude | 45.9 | 19.57 | 0.040* | 4.30 |
年均温 AMT | 17 | 24.10 | 0.036* | 1 |
年降水量 AP | 4.39 | 27.81 | 0.00013*** | 0.34 |
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP | 51.1 | 20.16 | PAltitude = 0.050*; PAP = 0.78 | υAltitude = 4.64; υAP = 1.28 |
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT | 18.5 | 25.04 | PAMT = 0.056; PAP = 0.51 | υAMT = 1; υAP = 1 |
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT | 52.4 | 25.61 | PAMT = 0.23; PAltitude = 0.091 | υAMT = 1; υAltitude = 4.62 |
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT | 47.1 | 17.89 | PAMT = 0.00083***; PAltitude = 0.0043**; PAP = 0.097 | υAMT = 1; υAltitude = 1; υAP = 1.75 |
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | ||||
海拔 Altitude | 43.6 | 13.38 | 0.054 | 4.12 |
年均温 AMT | 16.2 | 17.27 | 0.042* | 1 |
年降水量 AP | 4.49 | 20.66 | 0.30 | 1 |
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP | 49.1 | 13.93 | PAltitude = 0.061; PAP = 0.68 | υAltitude = 4.82; υAP = 1.00 |
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT | 17.3 | 18.92 | PAMT = 0.072; PAP = 0.58 | υAMT = 1; υAP = 1 |
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT | 51 | 12.62 | PAMT = 0.24; PAltitude = 0.11 | υAMT = 4.65; υAltitude = 1 |
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT | 40.1 | 13.42 | PAMT = 0.0023**; PAltitude = 0.011*; PAP = 0.18 | υAMT = 1; υAltitude = 1; υAP = 1.45 |
丰富度 Richness | ||||
海拔 Altitude | 36.5 | 63.08 | 0.096 | 3.67 |
年均温 AMT | 17.7 | 64.49 | 0.033* | 1.01 |
年降水量 AP | 44.8 | 62.89 | 0.095 | 5.38 |
海拔 × 年降水量 Altitude × AP | 65.4 | 55.55 | PAltitude = 0.14; PAP = 0.022* | υAltitude = 2.06; υAP = 5.73 |
年降水量 × 年均温 AP × AMT | 37.3 | 63.77 | PAMT = 0.10; PAP = 0.33 | υAMT = 1.00; υAP = 3.17 |
海拔 × 年均温 Altitude × AMT | 35.1 | 63.50 | PAMT = 0.13; PAltitude = 0.29 | υAMT = 1.00; υAltitude = 2.60 |
海拔 × 年降水量 × 年均温 Altitude × AP × AMT | 69.6 | 51.72 | PAMT = 0.0053**; PAltitude = 0.0047**; PAP = 0.0097** | υAMT = 1.00; υAltitude = 1.00; υAP = 5.57 |
Fig. 3 Results of GAM analysis on Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Dot represents observed diversity index. Solid line represents the predicted fitting curves by model. Dashed lines represent 95% confident intervals of predicted diversity. Ordinate is smooth function for environmental variables, represents their impact on Shannon-Wiener diversity index.
Fig. 4 Results of GAM analysis on Simpson dominance index. Dot represents observed dominance index. Solid line represents the predicted 95% fitting curves by model. Dashed lines represent confident intervals of predicted diversity. Ordinate is smooth function for environmental variables, represents their impact on Simpson dominance index.
Fig. 5 Results of GAM analysis on richness. Dot represents observed richness. Solid line represents the predicted fitting curves by model. Dashed lines represent 95% confident intervals of predicted diversity. Ordinate is smooth function for environmental variables, represents their impact on richness.
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