Effects of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients on competitiveness of Bidens pilosa with different native plants

doi:10.17520/biods.2015365

Abstract

Abstract:

The invasive plant Bidens pilosa has caused losses to agriculture and livestock. We studied the effects of B. pilosa on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients of different native species. The soil microbial species were examined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and the concentrations of soil nutrients and the activities of soil enzyme activities were measured. Correlation analysis of soil microbial, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activities was used in Canoco 4.5. Results showed that B. pilosa had a strong ability to aggregate soil microorganisms such as gram-positive bacterium (G⁺), gram-negative bacterium (G^-), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The microbial species in the rhizosphere soil of B. pilosa was closely related to the native plant species. Bidens pilosa significantly increased the concentration of organic carbon, while decreasing the concentration of ammonium. The concentrations of available potassium, available phosphorus, and nitrate were strongly related to the native plant species. Correlation analysis showed that 16:00 and 16:1ω5c had a significant influence on the concentration of ammonium. The concentrations of 16:00 and 16:1 ω5c in the rhizosphere soil of B. pilosa were significantly higher than that in the soil of the control, which may lead to the decrease of the concentration of ammonium in the rhizosphere soil of B. pilosa. The concentrations of 15:1 anteiso A and 18:1 ω5c were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of available potassium, and its content were significantly greater than the other treatments in Setaria viridis. The concentration of available potassium in the competition treatment between B. pilosa and S. viridis was significantly higher than the other treatments. The above results show that the invasive plant B. pilosa affected soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients via altering microbial communities, and these changes impacted the native plant species.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201612010

Key words: Bidens pilosa, native plant species, soil microorganisms, soil nutrient, soil enzymy activity

Jing Yan, Xiaoya Zhang, Xue Chen, Yue Wang, Fengjuan Zhang, Fanghao Wan. Effects of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients on competitiveness of Bidens pilosa with different native plants[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(12): 1381-1389.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2015365

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2016/V24/I12/1381

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Plant growth in different plots (mean ± SD). B, Bidens pilosa; S, Setaria viridis; C, Chenopodium serotinum; M, Melilotus suaveolens.

处理 Treatment	植物 Plant	密度 Density (inds./m²)	生物量 Biomass (kg/m²)
B	B	274.00 ± 62.12	0.92±0.22
B+S	B	180.00 ± 72.04	0.48 ± 0.16
B+S	S	56.00 ± 35.68	0.17 ± 0.05
B+C	B	148.00 ± 36.00	0.43 ± 0.11
B+C	C	208.00 ± 9.64	0.59 ± 0.09
B+M	B	144.00 ± 36.00	0.51 ± 0.01
B+M	M	192.00 ± 6.08	0.55 ± 0.01

Fig. 1 Change of total PLFAs from rhizosphere soils under Bidens pilosa individuals in different treatments (P<0.05). CK, Bare soil. Other treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

Fig. 2 Principle components analysis (PCA) of PLFA profiles from rhizosphere soil microbial communities and loadings factors of PLFA contributing to soil microbial communities ordination pattern of the different treatments of Bidens pilosa. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

Table 2 The change of PLFAs extracted from rhizosphere soils of Bidens pilosa in different treatments (unit μg/g) (mean ± SD, P<0.05). A, Actinomycetes; AMF, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; F, Fungi; G-, Gram-negative bacterium; G+, Gram-positive bacterium; P, Actinomycetes; F/B, Ratio of fungi and bacterium; G-/G+, Ratio of gram-negative bacterium and gram-positive bacterium. CK, Bare soil. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1. The different superscripts indicate significant difference between treatments after multiplicative comparison (P < 0.05).

处理 Treatment	A	AMF					F/B	G^-/G⁺
CK	1.21±0.04^c	1.48±0.44^b	3.63±0.67^b	4.01±0.47^d	5.04±0.67^d	0.37±0.10^c	0.80±0.04^a	0.12±0.00^d
B	1.82±0.07^b	14.87±6.69^ab	6.28±0.43^ab	6.66±0.32^b	7.71±0.44^b	1.19±0.33^ab	0.91±0.06^a	0.14±0.00^b
B+S	2.29±0.17^a	16.96±4.20^a	8.40±2.19^a	9.11±0.32^a	9.73±0.58^a	1.41±0.79^a	0.92±0.19^a	0.15±0.00^a
B+C	1.70±0.06^b	4.97±1.26^ab	4.78±0.05^ab	5.32±0.06^c	7.35±0.08^bc	0.54±0.06^bc	0.74±0.00^a	0.14±0.00^b
B+M	1.73±0.18^b	9.08±4.78^ab	8.01±4.00^a	5.65±0.84^c	6.63±0.12^c	1.04±0.16^abc	1.38±0.33^a	0.13±0.00^c

Table 3 Change of total nutrient extracted from rhizosphere soils of Bidens pilosa in different treatments. The different superscripts indicate significant difference between treatments after multiplicative comparison (P < 0.05). CK, Bare soil. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

	速效钾 Available K	有机碳 Organic carbon	pH	速效磷 Available P	硝态氮 Nitrate N	铵态氮 Ammonium N
CK	221.67±8.62^a	6.7.0±0.07^c	7.94±0.01^c	1.13±0.18^c	21.72±1.96^c	71.50±1.54^a
B	201.33±4.93^b	10.34±0.3^a	8.26±0.04^a	1.77±0.09^b	23.65±2.01^ab	66.07±0.71^bc
B+S	221.67±0.58^a	9.46±0.53^b	8.09±0.06^b	2.52±0.10^a	21.51±1.19^c	66.41±2.68^b
B+C	205.00±1.73^b	9.75±0.24^b	8.07±0.02^b	1.73±0.06^b	25.05±0.73^a	63.93±1.53^c
B+M	198.00±2.65^b	9.29±0.09^b	7.97±0.09^c	2.48±0.28^a	20.85±0.71^c	64.45±2.13^c

Table 4 Enzyme activity extracted from rhizosphere soils of Bidens pilosa in different treatments. The different superscripts indicate significant difference between treatments after multiplicative comparison (P < 0.05). CK, Bare soil. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

处理 Treatment	蔗糖酶 Invertase	脲酶 Urease	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase
CK	42.74±0.15^d	10.99±0.49^e	64.41±0.87^d	23.04±0.55^d
B	66.13±3.78^bc	18.46±0.14^a	100.63±1.41^b	74.05±1.03^a
B+S	61.83±0.65^c	12.68±0.57^d	103.00±1.87^b	66.9±4.65^b
B+C	73.33±5.52^a	16.02±0.22^c	108.67±1.51^a	66.32±1.02^b
B+M	69.77±3.88^ab	16.92±0.09^b	96.89±0.62^c	59.50±3.03^c

Fig. 3 Canoninal correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination of the relationship of PLFAs and soil nutrients in Bidens pilosa invasion region

Fig. 4 Canoninal correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination of the relationship of PLFAs and soil enzyme activities in Bidens pilosa invasion region. ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; ACP, Acid phosphatase.

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