Effects of soil nutrients on reproductive traits of invasive and native annual Asteraceae plants

doi:10.17520/biods.2020212

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Understanding the reproductive strategy of invasive plants is fundamental to identify the mechanisms of plant invasion and success. In order to understand how soil nutrient conditions influence reproductive capacity in native and invasive plants, and specifically whether nutrient addition increases the reproductive capacity more for the invasive plants, we conducted a common garden experiment.
Method: In low and high soil nutrient conditions we measured and compared the reproductive traits of annual Asteraceae plants including the invasive species (Praxelis clematidea, Ageratum conyzoides, and Bidens pilosa) and native species (Vernonia cinerea, Emilia sonchifolia, and Eclipta prostrata).
Results: We found that nutrient addition increased the flowering plant height, plant height, aboveground biomass, single seed weight, total inflorescence number, seed number per inflorescence, total seed number and total seed weight of all Asteraceae plants, and also advanced the flowering time and extended the duration of flowering. Nutrient addition increased the flowering plant height and single seed weight of invasive species more than those of native species, and in some invasive species (P. clematidea and A. conyzoides) it increased the reproductive capacity compared to some native sepcies (V. cinerea and Eclipta prostrata). The total seed number and total seed weight of B. pilosa and Emilia sonchifolia were small under both low and high soil nutrient conditions. The total seed number of the native Eclipta prostrata was higher than that of the three invasive sepcies under low soil nutrient condition, and its total seed weight was higher than that of the three invasive sepcies.
Conclusion: These results indicate that high soil nutrients promote the reproductive capacity of some but not all invasive plants compared with native plants.

Key words: reproductive capacity, reproductive traits, invasive plant, native plant, soil nutrient

Ya Wang, Weiqian Wang, Qinke Wang, Xiaoxia Li, Yan Liu, Qiaoqiao Huang. Effects of soil nutrients on reproductive traits of invasive and native annual Asteraceae plants[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(1): 1-9.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2020212

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I1/1

Figures/Tables 3

References 35

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	物种来源 Species origin (O)	土壤养分 Soil nutrient (N)	种群 Population (P)	O × N	O × P	N × P	O × N × P	物种(物种来源) Species (origin)
开花时间 Flowering time	15.96^*	5.58^*	6.92^**	0.89^ns	10.33^**	8.75^**	0.54^ns	27.25^**
开花株高 Flowering plant height	6.01^ns	87.81^**	0.37^ns	25.14^**	13.06^**	3.37^ns	0.03^ns	50.35^**
株高 Plant height	1.55^ns	120.57^**	1.56^ns	0.52^ns	11.52^**	0.37^ns	1.02^ns	77.08^**
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	1.35^ns	1659.2^**	2.2^ns	3.8^ns	0.36^ns	0.55^ns	3.35^ns	33.94^**
花期 Duration of flowering	1.98^ns	15.81^**	2.26^ns	0.01^ns	16.25^**	3.22^ns	0.02^ns	98.22^**
单粒种子重量 Single seed weight	0.11^ns	20.83^**	0.66^ns	6.97^**	12.42^**	1.1^ns	6.37^*	1704^**
总花序数量 Total inflorescence number	0.01^ns	961.97^**	3.01^ns	3.21^ns	25.94^**	0.26^ns	0.46^ns	220^**
种子数/花序 Seed number per inflorescence	0.09^ns	5.54^*	0.61^ns	0.1^ns	0.16^ns	0.95^ns	1.41^ns	348.2^**
总种子数量 Total seed number	0.03^ns	608.9^**	0.92^ns	2.26^ns	13.65^**	0.68^ns	1.11^ns	221.9^**
总种子重量 Total seed weight	0.01^ns	626.6^**	1.23^ns	0.83^ns	18.98^**	1.05^ns	0.24^ns	82.6^**

	物种来源 Species origin (O)	土壤养分 Soil nutrient (N)	种群 Population (P)	O × N	O × P	N × P	O × N × P	物种(物种来源) Species (origin)
开花时间 Flowering time	15.96^*	5.58^*	6.92^**	0.89^ns	10.33^**	8.75^**	0.54^ns	27.25^**
开花株高 Flowering plant height	6.01^ns	87.81^**	0.37^ns	25.14^**	13.06^**	3.37^ns	0.03^ns	50.35^**
株高 Plant height	1.55^ns	120.57^**	1.56^ns	0.52^ns	11.52^**	0.37^ns	1.02^ns	77.08^**
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	1.35^ns	1659.2^**	2.2^ns	3.8^ns	0.36^ns	0.55^ns	3.35^ns	33.94^**
花期 Duration of flowering	1.98^ns	15.81^**	2.26^ns	0.01^ns	16.25^**	3.22^ns	0.02^ns	98.22^**
单粒种子重量 Single seed weight	0.11^ns	20.83^**	0.66^ns	6.97^**	12.42^**	1.1^ns	6.37^*	1704^**
总花序数量 Total inflorescence number	0.01^ns	961.97^**	3.01^ns	3.21^ns	25.94^**	0.26^ns	0.46^ns	220^**
种子数/花序 Seed number per inflorescence	0.09^ns	5.54^*	0.61^ns	0.1^ns	0.16^ns	0.95^ns	1.41^ns	348.2^**
总种子数量 Total seed number	0.03^ns	608.9^**	0.92^ns	2.26^ns	13.65^**	0.68^ns	1.11^ns	221.9^**
总种子重量 Total seed weight	0.01^ns	626.6^**	1.23^ns	0.83^ns	18.98^**	1.05^ns	0.24^ns	82.6^**

物种 Species	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	标准化系数 Standardized coefficient	P
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	Y = - 7.320 + 1.457X₂+ 1.013X₄	0.927	X₂: 0.233; X₄: 0.769	< 0.01
胜红蓟 Ageratum conyzoides	Y = 0.318 - 0.029X₁+ 0.943X₄	0.900	X₁: -0.134; X₄: 0.944	< 0.01
三叶鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	Y = - 4.485 - 0.039X₁+ 1.228X₂+ 0.007X₅	0.696	X₁: -0.542; X₂: 0.407; X₅: 0.321	< 0.01
夜香牛 Vernonia cinerea	Y = - 1.972 + 0.816X₄	0.693	X₄: 0.832	< 0.01
一点红 Emilia sonchifolia	Y = 10.057 - 0.040X₁ - 2.534X₃+ 2.048X₄- 0.013X₅	0.907	X₁: -0.171; X₃: -0.417; X₄; 1.532; X₅: -0.319	< 0.01
墨旱莲 Eclipta prostrata	Y = 0.251 + 0.677X₄	0.735	X₄: 0.857	< 0.01

物种 Species	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	标准化系数 Standardized coefficient	P
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	Y = - 7.320 + 1.457X₂+ 1.013X₄	0.927	X₂: 0.233; X₄: 0.769	< 0.01
胜红蓟 Ageratum conyzoides	Y = 0.318 - 0.029X₁+ 0.943X₄	0.900	X₁: -0.134; X₄: 0.944	< 0.01
三叶鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	Y = - 4.485 - 0.039X₁+ 1.228X₂+ 0.007X₅	0.696	X₁: -0.542; X₂: 0.407; X₅: 0.321	< 0.01
夜香牛 Vernonia cinerea	Y = - 1.972 + 0.816X₄	0.693	X₄: 0.832	< 0.01
一点红 Emilia sonchifolia	Y = 10.057 - 0.040X₁ - 2.534X₃+ 2.048X₄- 0.013X₅	0.907	X₁: -0.171; X₃: -0.417; X₄; 1.532; X₅: -0.319	< 0.01
墨旱莲 Eclipta prostrata	Y = 0.251 + 0.677X₄	0.735	X₄: 0.857	< 0.01