Abstract: Soil biodiversity is an ignored study field , a lot of researches should be conducted urgently , which include : (1) field investigation of soil biodiversity ( the types , composition , distribution and data base of soil organisms) ; (2) study on functions and physio2ecological processes ; (3) the loss mechanism and restoration of soil biodiversity ; (4) study on the conservation and exploitation of soil biodiversity. Moreover , promising for it is utilization sustainable of the resource of living organisms in soils including edible animals , natural enemy organisms , rhizosphere microbes , biofertilizers and indicator organisms for environment pollution.

Key words: plant diversity, distribution pattern, hot-spot, China