北潦河金家水支流江西大鲵野外种群现状及栖息地评估

doi:10.17520/biods.2024145

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24145. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024145 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024145

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北潦河金家水支流江西大鲵野外种群现状及栖息地评估

易木荣¹^,²^,^#, 卢萍³^,^#(), 彭勇⁴, 汤勇⁴, 许久恒⁴, 尹浩萍¹^,²(), 张路杨⁵, 翁晓东³(), 底明晓³, 雷隽⁶(), 卢宸祺¹^,²(), 曹如君¹^,², 戴年华³, 占德洋⁴, 童媚⁴, 楼智明⁴, 丁永刚⁴, 柴静¹^,^*()(), 车静¹^,^*()()

1.中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传进化与动物模型全国重点实验室, 昆明 650223
2.中国科学院大学昆明生命科学学院, 昆明 650204
3.江西省科学院生物资源研究所, 南昌 330096
4.江西九岭山国家级自然保护区管理局, 江西宜春 330600
5.北京山海录生态科技有限公司, 北京 101100
6.北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2024-04-15 接受日期:2024-07-18 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2024-09-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn; chaijing@mail.kiz.ac.cn
作者简介:
#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金项目(32225010);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)区域重点项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-2021-27-001);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2601200);中国科学院中国生物多样性监测与研究网络项目;中国西南野生生物种质资源库动物分库(国家重大科技基础设施专项);江西省科学院杰出青年人才培育计划项目(2021YSBG50008)

Population status and habitat of Critically Endangered Jiangxi giant salamander (Andrias jiangxiensis)

Yi Murong¹^,²^,^#, Lu Ping³^,^#(), Peng Yong⁴, Tang Yong⁴, Xu Jiuheng⁴, Yin Haoping¹^,²(), Zhang Luyang⁵, Weng Xiaodong³(), Di Mingxiao³, Lei Juan⁶(), Lu Chenqi¹^,²(), Cao Rujun¹^,², Dai Nianhua³, Zhan Deyang⁴, Tong Mei⁴, Lou Zhiming⁴, Ding Yonggang⁴, Chai Jing¹^,^*()(), Che Jing¹^,^*()()

1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
2 Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
3 Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
4 Jiangxi Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve, Yichun, Jiangxi 330600, China
5 Beijing Mountains & Seas Eco Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 101100, China
6 MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2024-04-15 Accepted:2024-07-18 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2024-09-18
Contact: *E-mail: chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn; chaijing@mail.kiz.ac.cn
About author:
#Co-first authors
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225010);STS Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-QYZD-2021-27-001);National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2601200);China’s Biodiversity Observation Network(Sino-BON);Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences(the Large Research Infrastructure Funding);Jiangxi Academy of Sciences(2021YSBG50008)

1. 附录.pdf(2188KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

濒危物种的有效保护依赖于基础调查研究和评估数据, 并依此制定相应的保护行动计划。受栖息地破坏和人类过度捕捞影响, 大鲵(Andrias spp.)野外种群稀少, 同时由于基础研究数据缺乏, 濒危程度的评估失去了科学基础。本研究于2021-2023年连续3年在江西靖安县北潦河金家水支流开展江西大鲵(A. jiangxiensis)野外种群的标志重捕调查与监测。累计目击成体、亚成体628尾次, 其中带标记个体543尾次, 至少重捕一次个体230尾次。综合分析结果显示: 经标志重捕Schnabel模型估算, 该种群大小为474尾(95% CI: 427-534), 种群密度为79尾/km (95% CI: 71-89)和1.31尾/100 m² (95% CI: 1.19-1.48)。种群结构分析显示, 体长大于70 cm或小于30 cm个体的数量极少。同时调查中多次目击到幼鲵、亚成体被天敌或同类残食; 连续3年在9月或10月发现其野外繁殖场, 1-3月累计目击记录新孵化幼鲵738尾次, 4-12月全河段再次目击幼鲵的频率则极低(0.38尾·人^-1·h^-1)。此外, 栖息地评估提示江西大鲵面临较大的生存威胁: 下游水坝的存在导致目前物种野外种群呈现隔离状态, 有限的栖息地(3.6 ha)内环境波动剧烈, 春夏丰水季洪水泛滥、自然坡岸塌方, 秋冬枯水季河道干涸, 断流频发。综上, 本研究建议将江西大鲵的濒危等级评估为极危(CR), 野外种群列为国家一级重点保护野生动物, 亟待实施相应保护措施。

关键词: 濒危物种保护, 野外调查, 种群大小, 致危因素, 保护计划

Abstract

Aims:In order to support conservation efforts for the endangered Jiangxi giant salamander (Andrias jiangxiensis), we conducted a comprehensive long-term field monitoring project to assess population dynamics, species distribution, and potential threats to the species. The findings from this study will serve as guidance for the development and implementation of conservation initiatives for this endangered species.

Methods:In this study we established long-term monitoring of both population ecology and habitat of the wild population of the Jiangxi giant salamander in the Jinjia tributary of the Beiliao River from 2021 to 2023. The population status was evaluated using the mark-and-recapture method which allowed us to gather essential data on population characteristics, life history, habitat condition.

Results:A total of 628 adult and juvenile Jiangxi giant salamanders were successfully captured. Among them, 543 were tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and 230 were recaptured at least once. Using the Schnabel model for estimating population size from mark-and-recapture, the population size was estimated to be 474 individuals (95% CI: 427-534). The calculated population density was 79 inds./km (95% CI: 71-89) or 1.31 inds./100 m² (95% CI: 1.19-1.48). An analysis of population structure indicated that few individuals had a body size smaller than 30 cm or larger than 70 cm. During the three consecutive years from 2021 to 2023, a total of 738 larvae were observed between January and March, a time of the year when the newly hatched larvae swim out of their breeding cave and begin to forage. In contrast, only 12 larvae were seen across the whole habitat range between April and December, with an extremely low catch per unit effort (CPUE) (0.38 inds.∙person^-1∙h^-1). Our observations indicate that larvae of the Jiangxi giant salamander face challenges from both predators and environmental factors, leading to a low survival rate in their natural habitat. Habitat assessments have revealed significant threats to the isolated population of this species, including environmental fluctuations such as floods and perturbations of water flow, which pose a risk to their survival.

Conclusion:This study recommends the evaluation of the Jiangxi giant salamander as Critically Endangered (CR) and a National Class I Protected species. Consequently, we urge the implementation of specific conservation actions.

Key words: endangered species conservation, field survey, population size, threat factors, conservation plan

易木荣, 卢萍, 彭勇, 汤勇, 许久恒, 尹浩萍, 张路杨, 翁晓东, 底明晓, 雷隽, 卢宸祺, 曹如君, 戴年华, 占德洋, 童媚, 楼智明, 丁永刚, 柴静, 车静 (2025) 北潦河金家水支流江西大鲵野外种群现状及栖息地评估. 生物多样性, 33, 24145. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024145.

Yi Murong, Lu Ping, Peng Yong, Tang Yong, Xu Jiuheng, Yin Haoping, Zhang Luyang, Weng Xiaodong, Di Mingxiao, Lei Juan, Lu Chenqi, Cao Rujun, Dai Nianhua, Zhan Deyang, Tong Mei, Lou Zhiming, Ding Yonggang, Chai Jing, Che Jing (2025) Population status and habitat of Critically Endangered Jiangxi giant salamander (Andrias jiangxiensis). Biodiversity Science, 33, 24145. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024145.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024145

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I4/24145

图/表 6

图1 江西靖安县北潦河金家水支流江西大鲵野外种群调查区域

Fig. 1 Field survey of Jiangxi giant salamander in the Jinjia tributary of the Beiliao River, Jing’an County, Jiangxi, China

图2 江西大鲵野外种群(n = 313)体长(a)与体重(b)分布直方图

Fig. 2 Histogram of body size (a) and body weight (b) distribution of the wild population of Jiangxi giant salamander (n = 313)

图3 2021-2023年江西大鲵野外调查成体和亚成体、幼鲵目击频率月份变化。缺标志符号的月份未调查。

Fig. 3 Monthly monitoring of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Jiangxi giant salamander in 2021-2023. Months without markers were not surveyed.

图4 江西大鲵繁殖期雌雄个体泄殖腔孔性征差异。(a)雌性, 泄殖腔孔周围内凹; (b)雄性, 泄殖腔孔周围隆起。

Fig. 4 Comparison of the sexual characteristics of male and female individuals during the breeding period of the Jiangxi giant salamander. (a) Female, concave around the cloaca; (b) Male, convex around the cloaca.

图5 江西大鲵个体体长、体重与性别判定

Fig. 5 Jiangxi giant salamander individual body size, body weight, and gender determination

Fig. 6 Threat factors to the Jiangxi giant salamander observed during field surveys. (a) The view of the habitat cave of the Jiangxi giant salamander in January 2021; (b) In July 2021, flash floods altered the riverbed, and the habitat cave shown in Figure (a) was destroyed; (c) In September 2022, upstream reach of Jinjia tributary dried up during the low-flow period; (d) Giant salamander vomit contains larvae remains: During the winter dry season, vomit from a juvenile (PIT: 900******010530, body size 33 cm) was found containing incompletely digested larvae salamander remains (about 10 cm).

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北潦河金家水支流江西大鲵野外种群现状及栖息地评估

Population status and habitat of Critically Endangered Jiangxi giant salamander (Andrias jiangxiensis)

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