生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 22363.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022363

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国陆生脊椎动物野外调查的发展现状与文献分析

吴政浩1,2,3, 丁志锋2, 周智鑫2, 梁健超2, 王卓婷2,4, 章亚宁2,5, 胡一鸣2,*(), 胡慧建2,*()   

  1. 1.中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
    2.广东省科学院动物研究所, 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广州 510260
    3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    4.华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642
    5.中国计量大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30 接受日期:2022-11-15 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 胡一鸣,胡慧建
  • 作者简介:13570909977@139.com
    * E-mail: yiming1226@126.com;
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31901109);中国博士后科学基金(2021M700891);广东省林业科技创新项目(2018KJCX037);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121202004);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515110744);第四纪冰期旋回对南岭生物多样性影响调查研究项目(2021GJGY001)

Development status and document analysis: A review on terrestrial vertebrate field surveys in China

Zhenghao Wu1,2,3, Zhifeng Ding2, Zhixin Zhou2, Jianchao Liang2, Zhuoting Wang2,4, Yaning Zhang2,5, Yiming Hu2,*(), Huijian Hu2,*()   

  1. 1 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
    2 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260
    3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    4 College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
    5 College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018
  • Received:2022-06-30 Accepted:2022-11-15 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-03-20
  • Contact: Yiming Hu,Huijian Hu

摘要:

新中国成立以来, 我国已开展了大量陆生脊椎动物的本底调查和多样性研究项目, 取得了一系列成果, 并有学者针对兽类、鸟类和两栖爬行类的野外调查监测进行了总结和展望, 但尚缺乏对所有陆生脊椎动物类群的调查历史和现状的分析及基于文献收集的研究, 特别是对调查方法和技术手段的对比与总结。因此, 本文通过文献收集的方法, 基于中国知网、Web of Science核心合集和以图书检索为主的读秀学术搜索, 以“兽类” “鸟类” “爬行类” “两栖类” “动物资源” “调查” “监测” “新种” “新记录”和“物种多样性”作为检索词, 检索并筛选了与兽类、鸟类、爬行类及两栖类陆生脊椎动物调查相关的文献资料共3,504篇, 对陆生脊椎动物调查的研究文献在全国各省级行政区、生物多样性热点地区的分布, 及其运用的调查方法和技术手段进行了系统的分析和比较。结果表明: 相较兽类和两栖爬行类的调查, 我国鸟类多样性的调查最多, 发表文献占所有文献的70.26%。四川、云南的陆生脊椎动物调查最多, 分别发表285篇、260篇文献。分布于我国的4个全球生物多样性热点地区的调查强度存在显著差异, 印缅生物多样性热点地区和中国西南山地的研究文献较多, 分别为348篇、324篇文献; 中亚山地、喜马拉雅山地的研究文献较少, 分别为71篇、66篇文献。陆生脊椎动物调查方法主要采用样线法、样点法、样方法和直接计数法, 或将上述几种方法综合应用, 样线法在所有场景(如: 高山冻原、农田、城市等)中应用频率最高; 技术手段以直接观察法、采集法、红外相机陷阱法为主, 其中直接观察法在所有场景(如城市、湿地、草原等)中应用频率最高。当前, 我国陆生脊椎动物调查已取得很多新进展, 包括新兴物种采集和物种识别技术的发展(如无人机技术在大型兽类和集群水鸟上的应用、卫星追踪在迁徙鸟类上的应用等)、大数据时代下调查方法的改善和数据管理的提升等。未来我国的陆生脊椎动物调查, 应拓宽新兴物种采集方法和识别技术的应用范围, 进一步关注和发掘脊椎动物的新调查技术, 以大数据为基础完善种群数据分析与调查管理体系, 并朝着面向大众、服务社会的方向发展, 以引起全社会对生物多样性保护的重视。本文以整体的视角概述了陆生脊椎动物各类群调查的情况, 评估了不同地区调查强度的差异, 并在调查方法和技术手段方面作了总结和展望, 可为未来国内陆生脊椎动物野外调查工作的总体方向、调查侧重、方法运用等方面提供一定的参考。

关键词: 陆生脊椎动物, 野外调查, 调查方法, 技术手段, 生物多样性热点地区

Abstract

Aim: To understand the history and contemporary status of terrestrial vertebrate diversity surveys in China by analyzing the existing problems and suggesting the corresponding solutions.

Method: We searched publications on terrestrial vertebrate field surveys from CNKI Database, Web of Science Core Collection Database and Duxiu Scholar Database with “mammals” “avian” “birds” “reptilians” “amphibians” “survey” “monitor” “new species” “new records” “animal resources” and “species diversity” as keywords. We reviewed the surveys on the terrestrial vertebrates since 1949 in China. We analyzed and compared the distribution of surveys among provinces and biodiversity hotspots, as well as the survey methods and techniques used.

Review Results: Compared with the surveys of mammals, amphibians and reptiles in China, surveys of birds appeared most (70.26% of all publications considered). The terrestrial vertebrate field surveys in Sichuan Province (285 publications) and Yunnan Province (260 publications) were more extensive in coverage than those in other regions. The number of surveys was different in the four biodiversity hotspots. The Indo-Burma hotspot (348 publications) and “Mountains of Southwest China” (324 publications) had more publications, and “Mountains of Central Asia” (71 publications) and “Himalaya” (66 publications) had fewer publications. The common methods on terrestrial vertebrate diversity surveys were: the line transect method, the point sampling method, the quadrat sampling method and the direct count method. The line transect method was the most frequently used in all the application scenarios (e.g., alpine tundra, farmland, city, etc.). Observation, capture, and camera traps were the most widely used sampling techniques. The observation sampling technique was the most frequently used in all application scenarios (e.g., city, wetland, grassland, etc.). At present, terrestrial vertebrate field surveys have made a lot of progress, including the development of new species data collection methods and identification techniques (e.g. unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology in the search of large mammals and mixed-waterbirds, satellite tracking technology in the search of migratory birds, etc.), and the improvement of survey methods and data management in the era of “big data”, among others.

Going Forward: In the future, we should broaden the application of new species data collection methods and identification techniques, and explore new techniques for terrestrial vertebrate surveys. Furthermore, we should improve the population data analysis and the survey management system based on “big data” which is prevalent. Lastly, in addition to developing biodiversity protection measures, the results of terrestrial vertebrate surveys should be oriented to the public, and in doing this, the general public shall gain interest in biodiversity protection.

Key words: terrestrial vertebrate, field survey, survey method, technique, biodiversity hotspot