退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中不同生活史阶段木本植物物种多样性与群落构建

doi:10.17520/biods.2023462

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 23462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023462 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023462

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中不同生活史阶段木本植物物种多样性与群落构建

赵勇强¹, 阎玺羽¹, 谢加琪¹, 侯梦婷¹, 陈丹梅¹^,²^,³, 臧丽鹏¹^,²^,³, 刘庆福¹^,²^,³, 隋明浈¹^,²^,³, 张广奇¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.贵州大学林学院, 贵阳 550025
2.贵州大学森林生态研究中心, 贵阳 550025
3.国家林业和草原局贵州荔波喀斯特森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 贵州荔波 558400

收稿日期:2023-12-07 接受日期:2024-02-28 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-05-17
通讯作者: *E-mail: zgq04713@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32360278);国家自然科学基金(32360380);贵州大学人才引进项目(贵大人基合字(2017) 40号);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2019〕2874);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般111);贵州省基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础〔2020〕1Y124);贵州省基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2021〕一般094);贵州省基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般036);贵州省基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般079)

Species diversity and community assembly of woody plants at different life history stages during the natural restoration of degraded karst forests

Yongqiang Zhao¹, Xiyu Yan¹, Jiaqi Xie¹, Mengting Hou¹, Danmei Chen¹^,²^,³, Lipeng Zang¹^,²^,³, Qingfu Liu¹^,²^,³, Mingzhen Sui¹^,²^,³, Guangqi Zhang¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1 College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025
2 Forest Ecology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025
3 Guizhou Libo Observation and Research Station for Karst Forest Ecosystem, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Libo, Guizhou 558400

Received:2023-12-07 Accepted:2024-02-28 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-05-17
Contact: *E-mail: zgq04713@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

正确认识自然恢复过程中的生物多样性格局及群落构建变化规律是区域生态恢复及生物多样性保育的前提和基础。目前, 关于生物多样性格局及群落构建机制的研究多基于地带性植被类型开展, 而针对喀斯特森林这类特殊植被的研究涉及很少, 这极大地限制了区域生态恢复及森林经营。本文以茂兰国家级自然保护区的退化喀斯特森林为研究对象, 通过建立不同自然恢复阶段固定样地, 对比分析不同自然恢复阶段幼苗、幼树和成树的物种多样性和物种组成差异, 探索退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中物种多样性变化趋势与群落构建机制。结果表明, 退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中, 物种多样性呈现先上升后稳定的趋势; 幼苗的物种丰富度逐渐降低, 而成树的物种丰富度逐渐增加; 自然恢复早期的幼苗、幼树和成树物种组成逐渐趋同于老龄林成树, 表明该区域退化森林的自然恢复具有一定方向性。本研究结果表明喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中的物种组成变化一定程度上受确定性过程影响, 为人工促进森林恢复提供一定理论参考, 同时对喀斯特森林经营与管理具有重要意义。

关键词: 物种组成, 物种多样性, 喀斯特, 生活史, 自然恢复

Abstract

Aim: Understanding the variations in biodiversity patterns and underlying rules of community assembly during natural restoration is the foundation of regional ecological restoration and conservation. However, most studies have focused on zonal vegetation, while azonal vegetation (e.g. karst forest) has been neglected, which severely limits regional ecological restoration and forest management.

Method: We established plots in the natural restoration areas of degraded karst forests within the Maolan National Nature Reserve. We compared the species diversity, species composition, and community assemble of woody plants across stages of life history and natural restoration.

Results: The findings showed an initial increase and then stabilization trend in species diversity in the natural restoration areas of degraded karst forests. Furthermore, the species richness of seedlings gradually decreased, while richness of adult trees increased. The species composition of seedlings, saplings, and adult trees in early succession stages gradually converged to that of the old-growth forest stage.

Conclusion: The natural restoration process of degraded karst forests exhibit a specific trend in species composition. These findings will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing species diversity maintenance and community assembly in degraded forest ecosystems.

Key words: species composition, species diversity, karst, life history, natural restoration

赵勇强, 阎玺羽, 谢加琪, 侯梦婷, 陈丹梅, 臧丽鹏, 刘庆福, 隋明浈, 张广奇 (2024) 退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中不同生活史阶段木本植物物种多样性与群落构建. 生物多样性, 32, 23462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023462.

Yongqiang Zhao, Xiyu Yan, Jiaqi Xie, Mengting Hou, Danmei Chen, Lipeng Zang, Qingfu Liu, Mingzhen Sui, Guangqi Zhang (2024) Species diversity and community assembly of woody plants at different life history stages during the natural restoration of degraded karst forests. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023462.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023462

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I5/23462

图/表 6

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物种 Species	乔灌混交林 SC			先锋乔木林 SG			老龄林 OG
物种 Species	SE	SA	TR	SE	SA	TR	SE	SA	TR
巴东荚蒾 Viburnum henryi	-	-	-	0.032	0.043	-	-	0.033	-
薄叶山矾 Symplocos anomala	-	0.025	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
齿叶黄皮 Clausena dunniana	-	-	-	0.062	0.035	0.044	0.057	0.043	0.038
川桂 Cinnamomum wilsonii	0.025	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粗糠柴 Mallotus philippensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.033	-	-
冬青叶山茶 Camellia ilicifolia	-	0.021	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
短刺米槠 Castanopsis carlesii var. spinulosa	0.059	0.045	0.078	-	-	-	-	-	-
红山茶 Camellia japonica	-	0.022	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii	0.026	0.030	0.097	-	-	-	-	-	-
化香树 Platycarya strobilacea	-	-	-	0.028	-	0.078	-	-	0.057
黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	-	-	-	0.023	0.029	0.036	-	0.032	0.053
檵木 Loropetalum chinense	0.035	0.081	0.067	-	-	-	-	-	-
榉树 Zelkova serrata	-	-	-	-	-	0.025	-	-	-
柯 Lithocarpus glaber	-	-	0.026	-	-	-	-	-	-
荔波鹅耳枥 Carpinus lipoensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.051	-	-
罗浮锥 Castanopsis faberi	0.023	0.035	0.024	-	-	-	-	-	-
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	-	-	0.041	-	-	-	-	-	-
南天竹 Nandina domestica	-	-	-	0.051	0.035	-	0.025	0.028	-
朴树 Celtis sinensis	-	-	-	0.022	-	-	-	-	-
黔蚊母树 Distylium tsiangii	-	-	-	-	0.034	-	-	-	-
青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.024
三花冬青 Ilex triflora	0.050	0.077	0.090	-	-	-	-	-	-
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	0.028	0.066	0.030	-	-	-	-	-	-
十大功劳 Mahonia fortunei	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.025	-
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica	0.043	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
疏花卫矛 Euonymus laxiflorus	-	-	-	-	0.023	-	0.027	-	-
天峨槭 Acer wangchii	-	-	-	-	0.026	0.034	0.073	0.056	0.058
蚊母树 Distylium racemosum	-	-	-	0.039	-	-	-	-	-
香叶树 Lindera communis	0.043	0.069	-	0.048	0.055	-	0.031	0.043	-
小果润楠 Machilus microcarpa	-	-	0.033	-	-	0.033	-	-	0.029
小花梾木 Cornus parviflora	-	-	-	0.035	0.044	0.043	0.045	0.027	0.038
小叶青冈 Quercus myrsinifolia	-	-	-	-	0.027	-	-	-	-
小叶润楠 Machilus microphylla	0.028	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
岩柿 Diospyros dumetorum	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.03	-
杨梅 Myrica rubra	-	-	0.041	-	-	-	-	-	-
野独活 Miliusa balansae	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.028	0.033	-
野柿 Diospyros kaki var. silvestris	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.023
云贵鹅耳枥 Carpinus pubescens	-	-	-	-	-	0.031	-	-	0.031
樟叶槭 Acer coriaceifolium	-	-	-	0.032	-	0.027	-	-	-
长叶润楠 Machilus japonica	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.036	-	-
掌叶木 Handeliodendron bodinieri	-	-	-	-	-	0.025	-	-	0.026

物种 Species	乔灌混交林 SC			先锋乔木林 SG			老龄林 OG
物种 Species	SE	SA	TR	SE	SA	TR	SE	SA	TR
巴东荚蒾 Viburnum henryi	-	-	-	0.032	0.043	-	-	0.033	-
薄叶山矾 Symplocos anomala	-	0.025	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
齿叶黄皮 Clausena dunniana	-	-	-	0.062	0.035	0.044	0.057	0.043	0.038
川桂 Cinnamomum wilsonii	0.025	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粗糠柴 Mallotus philippensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.033	-	-
冬青叶山茶 Camellia ilicifolia	-	0.021	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
短刺米槠 Castanopsis carlesii var. spinulosa	0.059	0.045	0.078	-	-	-	-	-	-
红山茶 Camellia japonica	-	0.022	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii	0.026	0.030	0.097	-	-	-	-	-	-
化香树 Platycarya strobilacea	-	-	-	0.028	-	0.078	-	-	0.057
黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	-	-	-	0.023	0.029	0.036	-	0.032	0.053
檵木 Loropetalum chinense	0.035	0.081	0.067	-	-	-	-	-	-
榉树 Zelkova serrata	-	-	-	-	-	0.025	-	-	-
柯 Lithocarpus glaber	-	-	0.026	-	-	-	-	-	-
荔波鹅耳枥 Carpinus lipoensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.051	-	-
罗浮锥 Castanopsis faberi	0.023	0.035	0.024	-	-	-	-	-	-
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	-	-	0.041	-	-	-	-	-	-
南天竹 Nandina domestica	-	-	-	0.051	0.035	-	0.025	0.028	-
朴树 Celtis sinensis	-	-	-	0.022	-	-	-	-	-
黔蚊母树 Distylium tsiangii	-	-	-	-	0.034	-	-	-	-
青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.024
三花冬青 Ilex triflora	0.050	0.077	0.090	-	-	-	-	-	-
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	0.028	0.066	0.030	-	-	-	-	-	-
十大功劳 Mahonia fortunei	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.025	-
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica	0.043	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
疏花卫矛 Euonymus laxiflorus	-	-	-	-	0.023	-	0.027	-	-
天峨槭 Acer wangchii	-	-	-	-	0.026	0.034	0.073	0.056	0.058
蚊母树 Distylium racemosum	-	-	-	0.039	-	-	-	-	-
香叶树 Lindera communis	0.043	0.069	-	0.048	0.055	-	0.031	0.043	-
小果润楠 Machilus microcarpa	-	-	0.033	-	-	0.033	-	-	0.029
小花梾木 Cornus parviflora	-	-	-	0.035	0.044	0.043	0.045	0.027	0.038
小叶青冈 Quercus myrsinifolia	-	-	-	-	0.027	-	-	-	-
小叶润楠 Machilus microphylla	0.028	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
岩柿 Diospyros dumetorum	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.03	-
杨梅 Myrica rubra	-	-	0.041	-	-	-	-	-	-
野独活 Miliusa balansae	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.028	0.033	-
野柿 Diospyros kaki var. silvestris	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.023
云贵鹅耳枥 Carpinus pubescens	-	-	-	-	-	0.031	-	-	0.031
樟叶槭 Acer coriaceifolium	-	-	-	0.032	-	0.027	-	-	-
长叶润楠 Machilus japonica	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.036	-	-
掌叶木 Handeliodendron bodinieri	-	-	-	-	-	0.025	-	-	0.026

指数 Index	生活史阶段 Life history stage	恢复阶段 Restoration stage
指数 Index	生活史阶段 Life history stage	乔灌混交林 SC	先锋乔木林 SG	老龄林 OG
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index		3.04 ± 0.38^b	3.53 ± 0.20^a	3.44 ± 0.18^a
个体数 Number of individuals	幼苗 Seedlings	113 ± 36^a	59 ± 20^b	30 ± 10^c
	幼树 Saplings	615 ± 243^a	285 ± 100^b	176 ± 60^b
	成树 Adult tree	196 ± 45^a	156 ± 44^b	144 ± 48^b
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index	幼苗 Seedlings	6.09 ± 0.84^a	5.66 ± 1.12^a	4.29 ± 0.68^b
	幼树 Saplings	7.97 ± 1.84^b	9.49 ± 2.00^a	8.27 ± 1.55^b
	成树 Adult tree	5.68 ± 1.94^b	8.22 ± 1.06^a	8.26 ± 1.16^a
Fisher’s α指数 Fisher’s α index	幼苗 Seedlings	0.86 ± 0.16^a	0.68 ± 0.20^b	0.38 ± 0.16^c
	幼树 Saplings	2.48 ± 0.30^a	1.88 ± 0.35^b	1.71 ± 0.37^b
	成树 Adult tree	1.59 ± 0.34^a	1.38 ± 0.23^a	1.33 ± 0.32^a

指数 Index	生活史阶段 Life history stage	恢复阶段 Restoration stage
指数 Index	生活史阶段 Life history stage	乔灌混交林 SC	先锋乔木林 SG	老龄林 OG
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index		3.04 ± 0.38^b	3.53 ± 0.20^a	3.44 ± 0.18^a
个体数 Number of individuals	幼苗 Seedlings	113 ± 36^a	59 ± 20^b	30 ± 10^c
	幼树 Saplings	615 ± 243^a	285 ± 100^b	176 ± 60^b
	成树 Adult tree	196 ± 45^a	156 ± 44^b	144 ± 48^b
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index	幼苗 Seedlings	6.09 ± 0.84^a	5.66 ± 1.12^a	4.29 ± 0.68^b
	幼树 Saplings	7.97 ± 1.84^b	9.49 ± 2.00^a	8.27 ± 1.55^b
	成树 Adult tree	5.68 ± 1.94^b	8.22 ± 1.06^a	8.26 ± 1.16^a
Fisher’s α指数 Fisher’s α index	幼苗 Seedlings	0.86 ± 0.16^a	0.68 ± 0.20^b	0.38 ± 0.16^c
	幼树 Saplings	2.48 ± 0.30^a	1.88 ± 0.35^b	1.71 ± 0.37^b
	成树 Adult tree	1.59 ± 0.34^a	1.38 ± 0.23^a	1.33 ± 0.32^a

退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中不同生活史阶段木本植物物种多样性与群落构建

Species diversity and community assembly of woody plants at different life history stages during the natural restoration of degraded karst forests

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