天山北部拟南芥生存群落特征及其与环境的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解拟南芥在天山北部的分布状况及环境依赖特点, 分析拟南芥的自然选择特征, 本文对天山北部分布的13个拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)生存群落结构、组成及其与环境关系进行了研究, 并分析了拟南芥与群落主要物种的种间联结性。结果表明: 拟南芥生存的群落结构简单, 其中天山北坡中段的石河子、一四三团、沙湾、独山子地区的8个群落均为草本类型, 优势种相似, 而与伊犁果子沟、额敏和阿勒泰的5个群落差别较大。属的区系成分分析表明世界分布、北温带分布以及地中海、西亚至中亚分布型成分占大多数, 具有典型的地中海旱生植物区系分布特征, 体现了本地拟南芥分布及演化的干旱、半干旱的地理环境特点。采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)将13个群落分为新疆绢蒿-猪毛菜-角果毛茛(Seriphidium kaschgaricum-Salsola collina-Ceratocephalus testiculatus)、新疆绢蒿-猪毛菜(S. kaschgaricum-S. collina)、新疆绢蒿-狭果鹤虱(S. kaschgaricum-Lappula semiglabra)、新疆绢蒿-旱麦草(S. kaschgaricum-Eremopyrum triticeum)、勿忘草-草原苔草(Myosotis sylvatica-Carex liparocarpos)5个群落类型。去势典范对应分析(DCCA)表明经度、坡向、土壤有机质及pH值是决定天山北部拟南芥种群分布的主导因子。拟南芥分布与群落内其他物种有极强的依赖关系, 与13个群落62个主要物种的种间联结性分析表明, 共有119个正关联性种对, 明显高于72个负关联性种对, 与各群落优势种呈显著正关联。拟南芥种群分布数量在群落间差异较大, 分布于降雨较少的天山中部浅山地带拟南芥种群数量均高于降雨较丰富的天山西部伊犁果子沟地区, 是否发生适应性分化需要深入研究。

关键词: Arabidopsis thaliana, 植被-环境关系, 区系分析, 排序, 种间联结, 干旱半干旱区

Abstract

Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism widely-used to study molecular and developmental biology, physiology and cell biology. The Tianshan Mountains is one of the main distribution regions of A. thaliana. To evaluate the distribution and the environmental stress of A. thaliana in arid land, we characterized A. thaliana communities in the northern Tianshan Mountains along with relevant environmental factors. Eight communities found in the middle Tianshan Mountains were herb types and their dominant species were similar, but another five communities distributed in the western Tianshans and Altai region were markedly different. The recorded 77 species were classified into 22 families and 64 genera, and species richness of the 13 communities was relatively low. Most species belonged to Cosmopolitan (areal-type 1), North Temperate (areal-type 8), Mediterranean, and West Asia to Central Asia (areal-type 12) areal-types, reflecting the arid and semi-arid geographical features of the area. Based on the Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) method, the 13 communities were classified into five hierarchical levels: Seriphidium kaschgaricum-Salsola collina-Ceratocephalus testiculatus, S. kaschgaricum-S. collina, S. kaschgaricum-Lappula semiglabra, S. kaschgaricum-Eremopyrum triticeum, and Myosotis sylvatica-Cyperus microiria. Interspecific association analysis showed that among 62 main species in the 13 communities, 119 species-pairs exhibited significant a positive association; more than the 72 species-pairs with a negative association. In particular, A. thaliana showed a statistically significant, positive association with the dominant species in each community, indicating a strong positive dependence of A. thaliana with other species. Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis (DCCA) showed that longitude, topography, soil organic matter and pH were the dominant factors affecting the distribution of A. thaliana populations in the northern Tianshan Mountains. Abundance and distribution of species differed among communities. Populations were more prevalent in the middle northern Tianshan Mountains with lower rainfall than in the western Tianshan Mountains. Further research is needed to explain whether there is the adaptive differentiation.

Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, vegetation-environment relationships, flora analysis, classification, ordination, interspecific association, arid and semi-arid area

陶冶, 王丹, 刘彤, 蒋成国, 翟伟, 李勇冠, 唐诚 (2009) 天山北部拟南芥生存群落特征及其与环境的关系. 生物多样性, 17, 51-61. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08169.

Ye Tao, Dan Wang, Tong Liu, Chengguo Jiang, Wei Zhai, Yongguan Li, Cheng Tang (2009) Community characteristics of Arabidopsis thaliana natural populations in the northern Tianshan Mountains along with relevant environmental factors. Biodiversity Science, 17, 51-61. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08169.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08169

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I1/51

图/表 6

表1 研究区各拟南芥生存群落样地环境因子概况

Table 1 Environmental variables in each A. thaliana community in the study area

表2 研究区拟南芥生存群落种属的分布区类型

Table 2 Areal-type of genera and species in each A. thaliana community in the study area

分布区类型 Areal-type	属数 (百分比) No. of genera (%)	种数 (百分比) No. of species (%)
1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	13	20
2 泛热带分布 Pantropic	2 (3.92)	2 (3.51)
8 北温带分布及其变型 North temperate	22 (39.21)	25 (43.86)
8-4 北温带和南温带(全温带)间断 North temperate and South temperate disjuncted	8 (15.68)	10 (17.55)
10 旧世界温带分布及其变型 Old World temperate	1 (1.96)	1 (1.75)
10-3 欧亚和南非洲(有时也在大洋州)间断 Eurasia and South Africa (sometimes Australasia also) disjuncted	1 (1.96)	1 (1.75)
11 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	3 (5.88)	3 (5.26)
12 地中海、西亚至中亚分布及其变型 Mediterranean, West Asia to Central Asia	11 (21.57)	12 (21.06)
13 中亚分布及其变型 Central Asia	2 (3.92)	2 (3.51)
13-3 西亚至喜马拉雅和西藏 West Asia to Himalayas and Tibet	1 (1.96)	1 (1.75)

表3 DCCA排序的特征值、梯度的长度及积累解释量

Table 3 Eigenvalues, lengths of gradient, cumulative variances of species and of species-environment relationship of DCCA ordination

排序轴 Axis	特征值 Eigenvalues	梯度的长度 Lengths of gradient	物种累积解释量/ % Cumulative percentage variance of species	物种-环境关系累积解释量 Cumulative percentage variance of species-environment relation (%)
第一轴 Axis1	0.649	3.403	28.5	27.8
第二轴 Axis2	0.260	1.823	39.9	38.5
第三轴 Axis3	0.074	1.126	43.1	41.5
第四轴 Axis4	0.031	1.150	44.5	42.8

表4 环境因子与排序轴之间的相关性分析

Table 4 Correlation coefficient between environmental factors and the first two axes of DCCA ordination

	第一轴 Axis1		海拔 Elevation		纬度 Latitude		经度 Longitude		坡向 Aspect		坡度 Slope		坡位 Slope position
第一轴 Axis1	1.000		0.506		0.445		-0.717^**		0.815^**		0.676^*		0.140
第二轴 Axis2	0.141		0.670^*		0.047		-0.294		0.434		-0.040		0.624^*
		有机质 Organic matter		全氮 Total N		电导率 Conductivity		pH		有效磷 Available P		有效钾 Available K
第一轴 Axis1		0.876^**		0.559		-0.651^*		-0.798^**		-0.031		-0.622^*
第二轴 Axis2		0.018		0.095		-0.287		-0.071		-0.388		-0.508

图1 13个拟南芥生存群落样地及77个物种与环境因子的DCCA排序图 1 鞑靼滨藜 Atriplex tatarica 2 香藜 Chenopodium botrys 3 灰绿藜 Chenopodium glaucum 4 草原苔草 Carex liparocarpos 5 披针苔草 Carex lancifolia 6 马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis 7 原拉拉藤 Galium aparine 8 北方拉拉藤 Galium boreale 9 野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum 10 球根老鹳草 Geranium transversale 11 小车前 Plantago minuta 12 地皮蓼 Polygonum cognatum 13 石生悬钩子 Rubus saxatilis 14 紫翅猪毛菜 Salsola affinis 15 散枝猪毛菜 Salsola brachiata 16 猪毛菜 Salsola collina 17 繁缕 Stellaria media 18 木碱蓬 Suaeda dendroides 19 翅碱蓬 Suaeda heteroptera 20 硬毛堇菜 Viola hirta 21 新疆远志 Polygala hybrida 22 狗尾草 Setaria viridis 23 千叶蓍 Achilea millefolium 24 野葱 Allium ledebouriaum 25 小拟南芥 Arabidopsis pumila 26 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana 27 耳叶南芥 Arabis auriculata 28 荠菜 Capsella bursa-pastoris 29 平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis 30 准噶尔山楂 Crataegus songorica 31 播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia 32 新疆大蒜芥 Sisymbrium loeselii 33 葶苈 Draba nemorosa 34 旱稗 Echinochloa crusgalli 35 卷茎蓼 Fallopia convolvulus 36 絮菊 Filago arvensis 37 活血丹 Glecoma longituba 38 美丽列当 Orobanche anoena 39 黄花棘豆 Oxytropis ochrocephala 40 樱桃李 Prunus cerasifera 41 野蔷薇 Rosa multiflora 42 新疆绢蒿 Seriphidium kaschgaricum 43 苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus 44 绣线菊 Spiraea salicifolia 45 东方针茅 Stipa orientalis 46 光苞蒲公英 Taraxacum lamprolepis 47 天山蒲公英 Taraxacum tianschanicum 48 密穗雀麦 Bromus sewerzowii 49 卷耳 Cerastium arvense 50 木地肤 Kochia prostrata 51 狭果鹤虱 Lappula semiglabra 52 勿忘草 Myosotis sylvatica 53 茜草 Rubia cordifolia 54 四裂蝇子草 Silene quadriloba 55 二裂婆婆纳 Veronica biloba 56 阿拉伯婆婆纳 Veronica persica 57 裂叶婆婆纳 Veronica verrna 58 糙叶隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa 59 弯果葫芦巴 Trigonella arcuata 60 刺叶锦鸡儿 Caragana acanthophylla 61 心叶驼绒藜 Ceratoides ewersmanniana 62 黄花瓦松 Orostachys spinosus 63 庭芥 Alyssum desertorum 64 无叶假木贼 Anabasis aphylla 65 糙草 Asperugo procumbens 66 角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenarius 67 角果毛茛 Ceratocephalus testiculatus 68 丝叶芥 Leptaleum filifolium 69 涩芥 Malcolmia africana 70 卷果涩芥 Malcolmia scorpioides 71 小蓬草 Nanophyton erinaceum 72 大翅蓟 Onopordum acanthium 73 旱麦草 Eremopyrum triticeum 74 四齿芥 Tetracme quadricornis 75 舟果芥 Tauscheria lasiocarpa 76 大麻 Cannabis sativa 77 鳞茎早熟禾 Poa bulbosa

Fig. 1 DCCA ordination of 13 A. thaliana communities and environmental variables, 77 species and environmental variables

图2 拟南芥与主要伴生种的非零关联测度值(OI≠0)各种对数的频数分布图

Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of Ochiai index values (OI≠ 0) among A. thaliana and other main companion species

参考文献 36

[1]	Agricultural Chemistry Committee of Soil Science Society of China (中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会) (1983) Coventional Methods for the Agricultural Chemical Analysis of Soil (土壤农业化学常规分析方法). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[2]	Bakker EG, Stahl EA, Toomajian C, Nordborg M, Kreitman M, Bergelson J (2006) Distribution of genetic variation within and among local populations of Arabidopsis thaliana over its species range. Molecular Ecology, 15, 1405-1418.
[3]	Brooker RW, Meastre FT, Callaway RM, Lortie CL, Cavieres LA, Kimstler G, Liancourt P, Tielbörger K, Travis JMJ, Anthelme F, Armas C, Coll L, Corcket E, Delzon S, Forey E, Kikvidze Z, Olofsson J, Pugnaire F, Quiroz CL, Saccone P, Schiffers K, Seifan M, Touzard B, Michalet R (2008) Facilitation in plant communities: the past, the present, and the future. Journal of Ecology, 96, 18-34.
[4]	Clauss MJ, Koch MA (2006) Poorly known relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana. Trends in Plant Science, 11, 449-459.
[5]	Hill MO, Šmilauer P (2005) TWINSPAN for Windows version 2.3. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology and University of South Bohemia, Huntingdon and Ceske Budejovice.
[6]	Hoffmann MH (2002) Biogeography of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae). Journal of Biogeography, 29, 125-134.
[7]	Hoffmann MH (2005) Evolution of the realized climatic niche in the genus Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) Evolution, 59, 1425-1436.
[8]	Kawecki TJ, Ebert D (2004) Conceptual issues in local adaptation. Ecology Letters, 7, 1225-1241.
[9]	Koch MA, Matschinger M (2007) Evolution and genetic differentiation among relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 104, 6272-6277.
[10]	Koornneef M, Alonso-Blanco C, Vreugdenhil D (2004) Naturally occurring genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 55, 141-172.
[11]	Liu T (刘彤), Zhao XJ (赵新俊), Cui YH (崔运河) Liu LC (刘龙昌), Jia YM (贾亚敏), Luo C (骆郴), Wei P (魏鹏), Zhang YH (张元杭) (2008) Spatial associations and patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana and its adjacent species in the middle part of northern Tianshan Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 28, 1842-1849. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Lysak MA, Berr A, Pecinka A, Schmidt R, McBreen K, Schubert I (2006) Mechanisms of chromosome number reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103, 5224-5229.
[13]	Mao ZM (毛祖美), Zhang DM (张佃民) (1994) The conspectus of ephemeral flora in northern Xinjiang. Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究), 11, 1-26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Mitchell-Olds T, Schmitt J (2006) Genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance of natural variation in Arabidopsis. Nature, 441, 947-952.
[15]	Pan XL (潘晓玲) (1997) Floristic analysis of seed plant families in Xinjiang. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 17, 397-402. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Pan XL (潘晓玲), Ma YJ (马映军), Gao W (高炜), Qi JG (齐家国), Shi QD (师庆东), Lu HY (陆海燕) (2004) Eco-environmental evolution in arid area of west China. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 24, 663-673. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Pigliucci M (1998a) Ecological and evolutionary genetics of Arabidopsis. Trends in Plant Science, 3, 485-489.
[18]	Pigliucci M, Byrd N (1998b) Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity to nutrient stress in Arabidopsis: drift, constraints or selection? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 64, 17-40.
[19]	Price RA, Palmer JD, Al-Shehbaz IA (1994) Systematic relationships of Arabidopsis: a molecular and morphological perspective. In: Arabidopsis (eds Meyerowitz EM, Someville CR), pp. 7-19. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
[20]	Qiu Y (邱扬), Zhang JT (张金屯) (2000) The ordination axes clustering based on detrended canonical correspondence analysis ordination and its application to the analysis of the ecological gradients of plant communities. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 20, 199-206. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Sharbel TF, Haubold B, Mitchell-Olds T (2000) Genetic isolation by distance in Arabidopsis thaliana: biogeography and postglacial colonization of Europe. Molecular Ecology, 9, 2109-2118.
[22]	Shen ZH (沈泽昊), Zhang XS (张新时) Jin YX (金义兴) (2000) Spatial pattern analysis and topographical interpretation of species diversity in the forests of Dalaoling in the region of the Three Gorges. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 42, 620-627. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Shindo C, Bernasconi G, Hardtke CS (2007) Natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis: tools, traits and prospects for evolutionary ecology. Annals of Botany, 99, 1043-1054.
[24]	Stenøien HK, Fenster CB, Tonteri A, Savolainen O (2005) Genetic variability in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in northern Europe. Molecular Ecology, 14, 137-148.
[25]	ter Braak CJF (1997) Update Notes: CANOCO, Version 4.8. Agricultural Mathematics Group, Wageningen.
[26]	Thompson L (1994) The spatiotemporal effects of nitrogen and litter on the population dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Ecology, 82, 63-68.
[27]	Tonsor SJ, Alonso-Blanco C, Koornneef M (2005) Gene function beyond the single trait: natural variation, gene effects, and evolutionary ecology in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant, Cell and Environment, 28, 2-20.
[28]	Wang BS (王伯荪), Peng SL (彭少麟) (1985) Studies on the measuring techniques of interspecific association of the lower subtropical evengreen broadleaved forest. I. The exploration and the revision on the measuring formulas of interspecific association. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica (植物生态学与地植物学丛刊), 9, 274-285. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Wang Y (王永), Zhou GL (周桂玲), Meng HM (孟红梅) (2006) Analysis on geographical elements of Brassicaceae area of Xinjiang. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University (新疆农业大学学报), 29, 5-9. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Wu ZY (吴征镒) (1991) The area-types of Chinese genera of seed plants. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 13(Suppl. IV), 1-139. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Xing SH (邢韶华), Zhao B (赵勃), Cui GF (崔国发), Wang JZ (王九中), Zheng WJ (郑万建) (2007) Inter-specific association of dominant species in Baihua Mountain meadow of Beijing. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 29, 46-51. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Ye W (叶玮) (2000) The climatic characteristics and environmental patterns during Holocene in north Xinjiang. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 20, 185-191. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	Zhang WH (张文辉), Lu T (卢涛), Ma KM (马克明), Zhou JY (周建云), Liu SL (刘世梁) (2004) Analysis on the environmental and spatial factors for plant community distribution in the arid valley in the upper reach of Minjiang River. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 24, 552-559. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	Zhang XJ (张学杰), Fan SJ (樊守金), Sun ZY (孙稚颖), Li FZ (李法曾) (2003) A summary on phytogenetic classification of Brassicaceae from China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research (武汉植物学研究), 21, 267-272. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	Zhang ZY (张志勇), Tao DD (陶德定), Li DZ (李德铢) (2003) An analysis of interspecific associations of Pinus squamata with other dominant woody species in community succession. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 11, 125-131. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]	Zhu SC (朱圣潮) (2006) Community characteristics and interspecific association of the Songyang population of Isoetes sinensis. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 14, 258-264. (in Chinese with English abstract)