基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效

doi:10.17520/biods.2017196

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 149-157. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017196 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2017196

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效

宋瑞玲¹, 王昊^1,^*(), 张迪¹, 吕植^1,², 朱子云^1,², 张璐¹, 刘炎林^1,³, 才文公保², 吴岚¹

1 .北京大学生命科学学院自然保护与社会发展研究中心, 北京 100871
2 .北京山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871
3 .中国林业科学院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2017-07-04 接受日期:2018-01-18 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 王昊
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
北京大学生物多样性快速调查项目

Conservation outcomes assessment of Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland with MODIS-EVI approach

Ruiling Song¹, Hao Wang^1,^*(), Di Zhang¹, Zhi Lü^1,², Ziyun Zhu^1,², Lu Zhang¹, Yanlin Liu^1,³, gongbao Caiwen², Lan Wu¹

1 Center for Nature and Society, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
2 Shanshui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871
3 Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091

Received:2017-07-04 Accepted:2018-01-18 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Wang Hao
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三江源是我国生态保护的优先区域。自2005年以来, 国家投入大量资金在三江源实施了一系列生态保护措施和工程, 主要目的之一是保护和恢复草地生态系统。本文基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)增强型植被指数(EVI)数据和野外实测样方, 从草地生物量的角度评估了三江源工程的保护成效, 以期为后续的保护措施提供参考。本文使用2000-2016年间在青藏高原248个样地的实测地上生物量数据和同期的EVI数据, 比较了通过EVI估算草地地上生物量的不同建模方法, 并从中选择表现最佳的乘幂模型反演了三江源高寒草地的地上生物量, 用趋势分析法得出了生物量的变化。结果显示, 2000-2016年间, 三江源高寒草地地上生物量没有发生显著变化的面积占62%, 显著增加的地方主要在西部和北部, 占22%, 显著减少的地方则主要在中部和南部, 占16%; 2000-2016年间, 草地地上生物量的年际波动较大, 但总趋势不显著; 在2012年后, 地上生物量表现出显著降低的趋势。三江源国家级自然保护区外部的草地地上生物量高于内部, 使用匹配法比较保护区内外草地地上生物量变化的情况, 结果发现在生态保护工程实施的2005-2012年间, 三江源保护区内的草地生物量没有显著增加。

关键词: 三江源, 草地退化, 成效评估, 自然保护区, 生物量, MODIS-EVI

Abstract

The Sanjiangyuan Region is a priority area for ecosystem conservation in China. Since 2005, the government has contributed significant funding to implement ecological conservation and restoration to protect and restore the grasslands. This study correlated aboveground biomass (AGB) data from 248 sites scattered across the Sanjiangyuan Region with MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data from 2000 to 2016 and utilized four regression models to estimate AGB by EVI. Results showed that power-function model worked best for grasslands in the Sanjiangyuan Region. Trend analysis showed no significant trends in 62% of the area of Sanjiangyuan, with 22% of the area, mainly distributed in the western and northern regions, increasing significantly and 16% of the area, sporadically located in the central and southern regions, decreasing significantly from 2000 to 2016. In general, the AGB of the entire area showed no significant increases or decreases with high annual fluctuations since 2000. However, there have been significant decreases since 2012. The AGB inside of the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve was lower than that found outside, and didn’t increase significantly during first-stage projects between 2005 and 2012, based on results from matching methods.

Key words: Sanjiangyuan Region, rangelands degradation, effectiveness assessment, nature reserve, biomass, MODIS-EVI

宋瑞玲, 王昊, 张迪, 吕植, 朱子云, 张璐, 刘炎林, 才文公保, 吴岚 (2018) 基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效. 生物多样性, 26, 149-157. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017196.

Ruiling Song, Hao Wang, Di Zhang, Zhi Lü, Ziyun Zhu, Lu Zhang, Yanlin Liu, gongbao Caiwen, Lan Wu (2018) Conservation outcomes assessment of Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland with MODIS-EVI approach. Biodiversity Science, 26, 149-157. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017196.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017196

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I2/149

图/表 8

参考文献 32

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模型 Model	拟合方程 Function	决定系数R²Coefficients of determination	Sig.	平均误差系数 Mean error coefficients
线性 Linear	Y = 376.571X - 17.075	0.606	< 0.001	33.4%
二次 Quadratic	Y = 163.385X² + 280.199X - 6.634	0.609	< 0.001	43.0%
乘幂 Power	Y = 383.897X^1.3	0.675	< 0.001	24.3%
指数 Exponential	Y = 11.977e^5.653^X	0.611	< 0.001	32.4%

模型 Model	拟合方程 Function	决定系数R²Coefficients of determination	Sig.	平均误差系数 Mean error coefficients
线性 Linear	Y = 376.571X - 17.075	0.606	< 0.001	33.4%
二次 Quadratic	Y = 163.385X² + 280.199X - 6.634	0.609	< 0.001	43.0%
乘幂 Power	Y = 383.897X^1.3	0.675	< 0.001	24.3%
指数 Exponential	Y = 11.977e^5.653^X	0.611	< 0.001	32.4%

匹配前后 Before & after matching (BM & AM)	统计值 Statistics	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	草地类型(高寒草甸/高寒草原) Grassland type (Alpine meadow/ Alpine steppe)	人口密度(人/km²) Population density (per km²)
匹配前 BM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,567.200 /4,414.500	10.911/12.770	1.129/1.092	0.799/2.782
匹配后 AM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,566.700 /4,572.500	10.914/11.085	1.129/1.120	0.799/1.752
匹配前 BM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	49.409	-19.899	11.040	-9.659
匹配后 AM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	-1.894	-1.833	2.453	-4.639

匹配前后 Before & after matching (BM & AM)	统计值 Statistics	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	草地类型(高寒草甸/高寒草原) Grassland type (Alpine meadow/ Alpine steppe)	人口密度(人/km²) Population density (per km²)
匹配前 BM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,567.200 /4,414.500	10.911/12.770	1.129/1.092	0.799/2.782
匹配后 AM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,566.700 /4,572.500	10.914/11.085	1.129/1.120	0.799/1.752
匹配前 BM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	49.409	-19.899	11.040	-9.659
匹配后 AM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	-1.894	-1.833	2.453	-4.639

序号 No.	评估对象(处理组/对照组) Items（treatment /control）	ATT	t	P-value
1	保护区内/外 Inside/outside of NR	-158.170	-4.7394	0.000^**
2	保护区内/外(去除10 km 缓冲区) Inside/outside (without 10 km buffer) of NR	-126.700	-3.030	0.002^**
3	保护区内/外5 km缓冲区 5 km buffer inside and outside the border of NR	-211.200	-5.755	0.000^**
4	保护区核心区 Core areas of NR	-185.410	-5.668	0.000^**

基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效

Conservation outcomes assessment of Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland with MODIS-EVI approach

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参考文献 32

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Metrics

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序号 No.	保护分区 Sub-reserves	ATT	t	P-value
1	格拉丹东 Kelha Dandong	-119.880	-0.777	0.436
2	麦秀 Manshuk	-139.200	-0.770	0.442
3	果宗木查 Gorzong Mecha	295.070	8.240	0.000^**
4	当曲 Dangchu	-259.300	-9.970	0.000^**
5	索加-曲麻河 Suogya-Chemar River	94.364	3.438	0.001^**
6	多可河 Dokhuk River	-198.440	-0.600	0.548
7	玛可河 Makhuk River	587.030	3.740	0.000^**
8	年保玉则 Nyanpo Yetse	540.270	5.380	0.000^**
9	约古宗列 Yeger Zongne	-309.160	-7.644	0.000^**
10	扎陵湖-鄂陵湖 Gyaring Lake-Ngoring Lake	-777.280	-19.414	0.000^**
11	星星海 Xingxing Lake	-1695.200	-29.040	0.000^**
12	阿尼玛卿 Anye Maching	-584.970	-8.290	0.000^**
13	中铁-军功 Zhongtie-Jungong	-612.480	-7.840	0.000^**
14	通天河沿岸 Druchu Riverbank	609.100	8.250	0.000^**
15	东仲 Dorzong	-568.930	-4.140	0.000^**
16	江西 Skyoshi	-966.400	-5.270	0.000^**
17	白扎 Drultsa	-285.800	-4.670	0.000^**
18	昂赛 Namser	-755.750	-5.510	0.000^**

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