基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效

doi:10.17520/biods.2017196

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 149-157. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017196

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效

宋瑞玲¹, 王昊^1,^*(), 张迪¹, 吕植^1,², 朱子云^1,², 张璐¹, 刘炎林^1,³, 才文公保², 吴岚¹

1 .北京大学生命科学学院自然保护与社会发展研究中心, 北京 100871
2 .北京山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871
3 .中国林业科学院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2017-07-04 接受日期:2018-01-18 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 王昊
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
北京大学生物多样性快速调查项目

Conservation outcomes assessment of Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland with MODIS-EVI approach

Ruiling Song¹, Hao Wang^1,^*(), Di Zhang¹, Zhi Lü^1,², Ziyun Zhu^1,², Lu Zhang¹, Yanlin Liu^1,³, gongbao Caiwen², Lan Wu¹

1 Center for Nature and Society, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
2 Shanshui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871
3 Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091

Received:2017-07-04 Accepted:2018-01-18 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Wang Hao
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三江源是我国生态保护的优先区域。自2005年以来, 国家投入大量资金在三江源实施了一系列生态保护措施和工程, 主要目的之一是保护和恢复草地生态系统。本文基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)增强型植被指数(EVI)数据和野外实测样方, 从草地生物量的角度评估了三江源工程的保护成效, 以期为后续的保护措施提供参考。本文使用2000-2016年间在青藏高原248个样地的实测地上生物量数据和同期的EVI数据, 比较了通过EVI估算草地地上生物量的不同建模方法, 并从中选择表现最佳的乘幂模型反演了三江源高寒草地的地上生物量, 用趋势分析法得出了生物量的变化。结果显示, 2000-2016年间, 三江源高寒草地地上生物量没有发生显著变化的面积占62%, 显著增加的地方主要在西部和北部, 占22%, 显著减少的地方则主要在中部和南部, 占16%; 2000-2016年间, 草地地上生物量的年际波动较大, 但总趋势不显著; 在2012年后, 地上生物量表现出显著降低的趋势。三江源国家级自然保护区外部的草地地上生物量高于内部, 使用匹配法比较保护区内外草地地上生物量变化的情况, 结果发现在生态保护工程实施的2005-2012年间, 三江源保护区内的草地生物量没有显著增加。

关键词: 三江源, 草地退化, 成效评估, 自然保护区, 生物量, MODIS-EVI

Abstract

The Sanjiangyuan Region is a priority area for ecosystem conservation in China. Since 2005, the government has contributed significant funding to implement ecological conservation and restoration to protect and restore the grasslands. This study correlated aboveground biomass (AGB) data from 248 sites scattered across the Sanjiangyuan Region with MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data from 2000 to 2016 and utilized four regression models to estimate AGB by EVI. Results showed that power-function model worked best for grasslands in the Sanjiangyuan Region. Trend analysis showed no significant trends in 62% of the area of Sanjiangyuan, with 22% of the area, mainly distributed in the western and northern regions, increasing significantly and 16% of the area, sporadically located in the central and southern regions, decreasing significantly from 2000 to 2016. In general, the AGB of the entire area showed no significant increases or decreases with high annual fluctuations since 2000. However, there have been significant decreases since 2012. The AGB inside of the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve was lower than that found outside, and didn’t increase significantly during first-stage projects between 2005 and 2012, based on results from matching methods.

Key words: Sanjiangyuan Region, rangelands degradation, effectiveness assessment, nature reserve, biomass, MODIS-EVI

宋瑞玲, 王昊, 张迪, 吕植, 朱子云, 张璐, 刘炎林, 才文公保, 吴岚 (2018) 基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效. 生物多样性, 26, 149-157. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017196.

Ruiling Song, Hao Wang, Di Zhang, Zhi Lü, Ziyun Zhu, Lu Zhang, Yanlin Liu, gongbao Caiwen, Lan Wu (2018) Conservation outcomes assessment of Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland with MODIS-EVI approach. Biodiversity Science, 26, 149-157. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017196.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017196

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I2/149

图/表 8

参考文献 32

[1]	Andam KS, Ferraro PJ, Pfaff A, Sanchez-Azofeifa GA, Robalino JA (2008) Measuring the effectiveness of protected area networks in reducing deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 16089-16094.
[2]	Chen B, Liu FZ, Zhang YB, Du JH, Wang W, Li JS (2017) Assessment of forest conservation in the Cangshan Nature Reserve based on propensity score matching. Biodiversity Science, 25, 999-1007. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[陈冰, 刘方正, 张玉波, 杜金鸿, 王伟, 李俊生 (2017) 基于倾向评分配比法评估苍山自然保护区的森林保护成效. 生物多样性, 25, 999-1007.]
[3]	Chu D, Deji YZ, Ji QM, Tang H (2013) Aboveground biomass estimate methods for typical grassland types in the Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 25(3), 43-50. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[除多, 德吉央宗, 姬秋梅, 唐红 (2013) 西藏高原典型草地地上生物量遥感估算. 国土资源遥感, 25(3), 43-50.]
[4]	Clements T, Suon S, Wilkie DS, Milner-Gulland EJ (2014) Impacts of protected areas on local livelihoods in Cambodia. World Development, 64, S125-S134.
[5]	Eisfelder C, Kuenzer C, Dech S (2012) Derivation of biomass information for semi-arid areas using remote-sensing data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33, 2937-2984.
[6]	Fan JW, Shao QQ, Liu JY, Wang JB, Harris W, Chen ZQ, Zhong HP, Xu XL, Liu RG (2010) Assessment of effects of climate change and grazing activity on grassland yield in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170, 571-584.
[7]	Gu L, Wen C, Luo M, Wang H, Lü Z (2015) A rapid approach for assessing the conservation effectiveness of the most concerned endangered species in China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 583-590. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[顾垒, 闻丞, 罗玫, 王昊, 吕植 (2015) 中国最受关注濒危物种保护现状快速评价的新方法探讨. 生物多样性, 23, 583-590.]
[8]	Greenwood E (1945) Experimental Sociology:A Study in Method. King’s Crown Press, New York.
[9]	Harris RB (2010) Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau: A review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes. Journal of Arid Environments, 74, 1-12.
[10]	Ho DE, Imai K, King G, Stuart EA (2007) Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference. Political analysis, 15, 199-236.
[11]	Joppa LN, Pfaff A (2011) Global protected area impacts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278, 1633-1638.
[12]	Lehnert LW, Wesche K, Trachte K, Reudenbach C, Bendix J (2016) Climate variability rather than overstocking causes recent large scale cover changes of Tibetan pastures. Scientific Reports, 6, 24367.
[13]	Li C, Xiao JD, Cao ZZ, Shi Y, Yang ZH (2007) Application of MODIS data in remote sensing estimation of prairie biomass in different seasons. Arid Zone Research, 24, 386-391. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李聪, 肖继东, 曹占洲, 石玉, 杨志华 (2007) 应用MODIS数据估算草地生物量. 干旱区研究, 24, 386-391.]
[14]	Liu MC, Li DQ, Wen YM (2005) The protection of biological diversity in the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve. JournaI of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 19(4), 49-53. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘敏超, 李迪强, 温琰茂 (2005) 论三江源自然保护区生物多样性保护. 干旱区资源与环境, 19(4), 49-53.]
[15]	Long Y, Zhou L, Liu W, Zhou HK (2010) Using remote sensing and GIS technologies to estimate grass yield and livestock carrying capacity of alpine grasslands in Golog Prefecture, China. Pedosphere, 20, 342-351.
[16]	Rubin DB (1974) Estimating causal effects of treatment in randomized and nonrandomized studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 688-701.
[17]	Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB (1983) The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70, 41-55.
[18]	Sekhon JS (2011) Multivariate and propensity score matching software with automated balance optimization: The matching package for R. Journal of Statistical Software, 42(7), 52.
[19]	Shao QQ, Fan JW (2012) Integrated Monitoring and Assessment of Ecosystem in Sanjiangyuan Region. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[邵全琴, 樊江文 (2012) 三江源区生态系统综合监测与评估. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[20]	Shao QQ, Fan JW, Liu JY, Huang L, Cao W, Xu XL, Ge JS, Wu D, Li ZQ, Gong GL, Nie XM, He T, Wang LY, Bing LF, Li QJ, Chen ZQ, Zhang GQ, Zhang LX, Yang YS, Yang F, Zhou WF, Liu LL, Qi YG, Zhao GS, Li YZ (2016) Assessment on the effects of the first-stage ecological conservation and restoration project in Sanjiangyuan Region. Acta Geographica Sinica, 71, 3-20. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[邵全琴, 樊江文, 刘纪远, 黄麟, 曹巍, 徐新良, 葛劲松, 吴丹, 李志强, 巩国丽, 聂学敏, 贺添, 王立亚, 邴龙飞, 李其江, 陈卓奇, 张更权, 张良侠, 杨永顺, 杨帆, 周万福, 刘璐璐, 祁永刚, 赵国松, 李愈哲 (2016) 三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估. 地理学报, 71, 3-20.]
[21]	Su J, Aryal A, Nan Z, Ji W (2015) Climate change-induced range expansion of a subterranean rodent: Implications for rangeland management in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PLoS ONE, 10, e0138969.
[22]	Sun QL, Li BL, Xu LL, Zhang T, Ge JS, Li F (2016) Analysis of NDVI change trend and its impact factors in the Three-River Headwater Region from 2000 to 2013. Journal of Geoinformation Science, 18, 1707-1716. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[孙庆龄, 李宝林, 许丽丽, 张涛, 葛劲松, 李飞 (2016) 2000-2013年三江源植被NDVI变化趋势及影响因素分析. 地球信息科学学报, 18, 1707-1716.]
[23]	Wang W, Xin LJ, Du JH, Chen B, Liu FZ, Zhang LB, Li JS (2016) Evaluating conservation effectiveness of protected areas: Advances and new perspectives. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1177-1188. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王伟, 辛利娟, 杜金鸿, 陈冰, 刘方正, 张立博, 李俊生 (2016) 自然保护地保护成效评估: 进展与展望. 生物多样性, 24, 1177-1188.]
[24]	Wang JB, Liu JY, Shao QQ, Liu RG, Fan JW, Chen ZQ (2009) Spatial-temporal patterns of net primary productivity for 1988-2004 based on GLOPEM-CEVSA model in the “Three-River Headwaters” Region of Qinghai Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 33, 254-269. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王军邦, 刘纪远, 邵全琴, 刘荣高, 樊江文, 陈卓奇 (2009) 基于遥感-过程耦合模型的1988-2004年青海三江源区净初级生产力模拟. 植物生态学报, 33, 254-269.]
[25]	Wen XX, Du ZC (2015) Survey on matching method: Theory and applications. Statistical Research, 32(4), 104-112. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[温兴祥, 杜在超 (2015) 匹配法综述: 方法与应用. 统计研究, 32(4), 104-112.]
[26]	Wu L, Wang H (2017) Poisoning the pika: Must protection of grasslands be at the expense of biodiversity? Science China Life Science, 60, 545-547.
[27]	Xiao T, Wang CZ, Feng M, Qu R, Zhai J (2014) Dynamic characteristic of vegetation coverage in the Three-River Source Region from 2000 to 2011. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 22(1), 39-45. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[肖桐, 王昌佐, 冯敏, 屈冉, 翟俊 (2014) 2000-2011年青海三江源地区草地覆盖度的动态变化特征. 草地学报, 22(1), 39-45.]
[28]	Xu XL, Liu JY, Shao QQ, Fan JW (2008) The dynamic changes of ecosystem spatial pattern and structure in the Three-River Headwaters region in Qinghai Province during recent 30 years. Geographical Research, 27, 829-838, 974. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[徐新良, 刘纪远, 邵全琴, 樊江文 (2008) 30年来青海三江源生态系统格局和空间结构动态变化. 地理研究, 27, 829-838, 974.]
[29]	Yu X, Wang H, Li C, Wang YC (2011) Assessment of vegetation cover change in the Argun basin based on MODIS/EVI. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 9(2), 110-115. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[余晓, 王昊, 李翀, 王义成 (2011) 基于MODIS/EVI的额尔古纳河流域植被变化分析. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报, 9(2), 110-115.]
[30]	Zhang JP, Liu CL, Hao HG, Sun L, Qiao Q, Wang H, Ning YC (2015) Spatial-temporal change of carbon storage and carbon sink of grassland ecosystem in the Three-River Headwaters Region based on MODIS GPP/NPP data. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 24, 8-13.
	(in Chinese with English abstract) [张继平, 刘春兰, 郝海广, 孙莉, 乔青, 王辉, 宁杨翠 (2015) 基于 MODIS GPP/NPP 数据的三江源地区草地生态系统碳储量及碳汇量时空变化研究. 生态环境学报, 24, 8-13.]
[31]	Zhang L, Wylie B, Loveland T, Fosnight E, Tieszen LL, Ji L, Gilmanov T (2007) Evaluation and comparison of gross primary production estimates for the Northern Great Plains Grasslands. Remote Sensing of Environment, 106, 173-189.
[32]	Zhao M, Heinsch FA, Nemani RR, Running SW (2005) Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set. Remote Sensing of Environment, 95, 164-176.

模型 Model	拟合方程 Function	决定系数R²Coefficients of determination	Sig.	平均误差系数 Mean error coefficients
线性 Linear	Y = 376.571X - 17.075	0.606	< 0.001	33.4%
二次 Quadratic	Y = 163.385X² + 280.199X - 6.634	0.609	< 0.001	43.0%
乘幂 Power	Y = 383.897X^1.3	0.675	< 0.001	24.3%
指数 Exponential	Y = 11.977e^5.653^X	0.611	< 0.001	32.4%

模型 Model	拟合方程 Function	决定系数R²Coefficients of determination	Sig.	平均误差系数 Mean error coefficients
线性 Linear	Y = 376.571X - 17.075	0.606	< 0.001	33.4%
二次 Quadratic	Y = 163.385X² + 280.199X - 6.634	0.609	< 0.001	43.0%
乘幂 Power	Y = 383.897X^1.3	0.675	< 0.001	24.3%
指数 Exponential	Y = 11.977e^5.653^X	0.611	< 0.001	32.4%

匹配前后 Before & after matching (BM & AM)	统计值 Statistics	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	草地类型(高寒草甸/高寒草原) Grassland type (Alpine meadow/ Alpine steppe)	人口密度(人/km²) Population density (per km²)
匹配前 BM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,567.200 /4,414.500	10.911/12.770	1.129/1.092	0.799/2.782
匹配后 AM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,566.700 /4,572.500	10.914/11.085	1.129/1.120	0.799/1.752
匹配前 BM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	49.409	-19.899	11.040	-9.659
匹配后 AM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	-1.894	-1.833	2.453	-4.639

匹配前后 Before & after matching (BM & AM)	统计值 Statistics	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	草地类型(高寒草甸/高寒草原) Grassland type (Alpine meadow/ Alpine steppe)	人口密度(人/km²) Population density (per km²)
匹配前 BM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,567.200 /4,414.500	10.911/12.770	1.129/1.092	0.799/2.782
匹配后 AM	均值 Mean (内/外 Inside/Outside)	4,566.700 /4,572.500	10.914/11.085	1.129/1.120	0.799/1.752
匹配前 BM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	49.409	-19.899	11.040	-9.659
匹配后 AM	标准化均数差 Standardized mean difference	-1.894	-1.833	2.453	-4.639

序号 No.	评估对象(处理组/对照组) Items（treatment /control）	ATT	t	P-value
1	保护区内/外 Inside/outside of NR	-158.170	-4.7394	0.000^**
2	保护区内/外(去除10 km 缓冲区) Inside/outside (without 10 km buffer) of NR	-126.700	-3.030	0.002^**
3	保护区内/外5 km缓冲区 5 km buffer inside and outside the border of NR	-211.200	-5.755	0.000^**
4	保护区核心区 Core areas of NR	-185.410	-5.668	0.000^**

基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效

Conservation outcomes assessment of Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland with MODIS-EVI approach

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 8

参考文献 32

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

序号 No.	保护分区 Sub-reserves	ATT	t	P-value
1	格拉丹东 Kelha Dandong	-119.880	-0.777	0.436
2	麦秀 Manshuk	-139.200	-0.770	0.442
3	果宗木查 Gorzong Mecha	295.070	8.240	0.000^**
4	当曲 Dangchu	-259.300	-9.970	0.000^**
5	索加-曲麻河 Suogya-Chemar River	94.364	3.438	0.001^**
6	多可河 Dokhuk River	-198.440	-0.600	0.548
7	玛可河 Makhuk River	587.030	3.740	0.000^**
8	年保玉则 Nyanpo Yetse	540.270	5.380	0.000^**
9	约古宗列 Yeger Zongne	-309.160	-7.644	0.000^**
10	扎陵湖-鄂陵湖 Gyaring Lake-Ngoring Lake	-777.280	-19.414	0.000^**
11	星星海 Xingxing Lake	-1695.200	-29.040	0.000^**
12	阿尼玛卿 Anye Maching	-584.970	-8.290	0.000^**
13	中铁-军功 Zhongtie-Jungong	-612.480	-7.840	0.000^**
14	通天河沿岸 Druchu Riverbank	609.100	8.250	0.000^**
15	东仲 Dorzong	-568.930	-4.140	0.000^**
16	江西 Skyoshi	-966.400	-5.270	0.000^**
17	白扎 Drultsa	-285.800	-4.670	0.000^**
18	昂赛 Namser	-755.750	-5.510	0.000^**

[1]	吴乐婕, 刘泽康, 田星, 张群, 李博, 吴纪华. 海三棱藨草基因型多样性对种群营养生长和繁殖策略的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 23478-.
[2]	李雪萌, 蒋际宝, 张曾鲁, 刘晓静, 王亚利, 吴宜钊, 李银生, 邱江平, 赵琦. 宝天曼国家级自然保护区蚯蚓物种多样性及其影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 23352-.
[3]	王启蕃, 刘小慧, 朱紫薇, 刘磊, 王鑫雪, 汲旭阳, 周绍春, 张子栋, 董红雨, 张明海. 黑龙江北极村国家级自然保护区鸟类与兽类多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 24024-.
[4]	所翟, 俞渃茜, 李媛辉, 徐基良. 基于实证分析中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23287-.
[5]	刘啸林, 吴友贵, 张敏华, 陈小荣, 朱志成, 陈定云, 董舒, 李步杭, 丁炳扬, 刘宇. 浙江百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地群落组成与结构特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23294-.
[6]	黄小龙, 蒙秉顺, 李海波, 冉伟, 杨伟, 王丞, 谢波, 张旭, 冉景丞, 张明明. 基于红外相机的黔金丝猴及其同域分布物种种间关联[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23402-.
[7]	崔国发. 关于自然保护地整合优化工作中几个关键问题的讨论与建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 22447-.
[8]	罗正明, 刘晋仙, 张变华, 周妍英, 郝爱华, 杨凯, 柴宝峰. 不同退化阶段亚高山草甸土壤原生生物群落多样性特征及驱动因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23136-.
[9]	邢超, 林依, 周智强, 赵联军, 蒋仕伟, 林蓁蓁, 徐基良, 詹祥江. 基于DNA条形码技术构建王朗国家级自然保护区陆生脊椎动物遗传资源数据库及物种鉴定[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 22661-.
[10]	董庆栋, 陈超男, 李艳红, 赵体侠, 孙梓欣, 张哲, 朱连奇. 基于NPP和人类扰动指数评估河南伏牛山地区国家级自然保护区群保护成效与溢出/泄漏效应[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(5): 22503-.
[11]	陈本平, 陈建武, 凌征文, 杨旭, 陈鑫, 李生强, 杨彪. 四川老君山国家级自然保护区林下鸟兽多样性及动态变化数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(5): 22566-.
[12]	姚雪, 陈星, 戴尊, 宋坤, 邢诗晨, 曹宏彧, 邹璐, 王健. 采集策略对叶附生苔类植物发现概率及物种多样性的重要性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(4): 22685-.
[13]	周欣扬, 王誉陶, 李建平. 黄土高原典型草原植物群落组成对降水变化的响应[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(3): 22118-.
[14]	吴浩, 余玉蓉, 王佳钰, 赵媛博, 高娅菲, 李小玲, 卜贵军, 薛丹, 吴林. 低水位增加灌木多样性和生物量但降低土壤有机碳含量: 以鄂西南贫营养泥炭地为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(3): 22600-.
[15]	赵梦乔, 陈友, 徐正会, 王戌勃, 赵忠良, 徐文川, 何宗辉, 王文华. 云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区东坡垂直带蚂蚁物种多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(11): 23168-.