世界及中国菌物新命名发表概况(2023年)

doi:10.17520/biods.2024361

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2023年, 全球2,050位学者共发表了4,372个菌物新命名, 包括7个新纲、17个新目、56个新科及新亚科、316个新属及次级属下单元、2,997个新种及种下单元, 以及831个新组合、33个修订名称和115个其他名称。这些新名称隶属于3界13门47纲170目441科1,342属, 以小型子囊菌发表的新分类单元最多。本年度发表的菌物新种采集自世界102个国家和地区, 其中亚洲东部和南部是发现新种最多的地区; 中国是发现新种最多的国家, 共发现1,249种, 占全球的41.98%。中国学者的分类学研究成果同样保持全球领先, 548位中国学者参与发表了2,160个菌物新名称, 占全球新名称总数的49.41%。我国西南和华南地区发现的新种较多, 其中云南省发现了343个菌物新种, 为国内之最。而面积广袤的西北地区和边境省份的菌物多样性研究十分匮乏, 建议加大对这些地区的投入, 这不仅有利于当地生物多样性保护和资源开发, 也是维护国家生态安全的重要保障。

关键词: 菌物分类学, 命名作者, 新分类单元, 模式产地

Abstract

Aims: Compilations of biodiversity catalogs are of great significance for biodiversity research, resource protection, and social and economic development. However, due to rapid research progress, a large number of new species and distribution records are reported every year, which requires accurate methods to summarize the discoveries of new taxa, as well as update species checklists frequently.

Method: Taxonomic data for newly published fungal names were retrieved and analyzed from the Fungal Names nomenclatural repository.

Results: In 2023, 2,050 scholars published 4,372 new fungal names throughout the world, including 7 classes, 17 orders, 56 families and subfamilies, 316 genera and subgenera, 2,997 species and intraspecific taxa, 831 combinations, 33 replacement names and 115 other names. These new names belonged to 3 kingdoms, 13 phyla, 47 classes, 170 orders, 441 families and 1,342 genera, among which micro-ascomycetes received the most attention. These newly published 2,975 fungal species were discovered from 102 countries and regions throughout the world, with eastern and southern Asia as the most noticeable spot for novel species discovery. In particular, China remained the most imminent country for annual species discoveries (1,249 species) that accounts for 41.98% of the world’s total new species. Additionally, Chinese scholars led the world in research output on fungal taxonomy in 2023, where 548 Chinese scholars participated in the publications of 2,160 new fungal names to contribute to nearly half of the world’s total new names.

Conclusion: The total number of fungal nomenclature novelties published globally this year has decreased slightly compared to last year, but it still remains fluctuating upwards in line with the general trend of previous years. Except for China, Australia, Brazil, Thailand and the United States remain in the lead, Asian countries such as India, Japan and Pakistan have become the new hot spots of fungal research instead of European countries. Since 2021, the number of new names published by Chinese scholars, and the contribution ratio to the world have broken the historically record for consecutive two years.

Key words: taxonomy of fungi, name author, new taxa, type locality

王科, 赵明君, 蔡磊 (2024) 世界及中国菌物新命名发表概况(2023年). 生物多样性, 32, 24361. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024361.

Ke Wang, Mingjun Zhao, Lei Cai (2024) Annual review on fungi nomenclature novelties in China and around the world (2023). Biodiversity Science, 32, 24361. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024361.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024361

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I11/24361

图/表 10

参考文献 29

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国家 Country	大洲 Continent	新种数 No. of new species
中国 China	亚洲 Asia	1,249
澳大利亚 Australia	大洋洲 Oceania	195
巴西 Brazil	南美洲 South America	182
泰国 Thailand	亚洲 Asia	173
美国 United States	北美洲 North America	112
印度 India	亚洲 Asia	75
西班牙 Spain	欧洲 Europe	64
日本 Japan	亚洲 Asia	59
巴基斯坦 Pakistan	亚洲 Asia	58
意大利 Italy	欧洲 Europe	48
哥伦比亚 Colombia	南美洲 South America	44
南非 South Africa	非洲 Africa	38
俄罗斯 Russia	欧洲 Europe	38
法国 France	欧洲 Europe	37
墨西哥 Mexico	北美洲 North America	35
德国 Germany	欧洲 Europe	34
荷兰 Netherlands	欧洲 Europe	31

国家 Country	大洲 Continent	新种数 No. of new species
中国 China	亚洲 Asia	1,249
澳大利亚 Australia	大洋洲 Oceania	195
巴西 Brazil	南美洲 South America	182
泰国 Thailand	亚洲 Asia	173
美国 United States	北美洲 North America	112
印度 India	亚洲 Asia	75
西班牙 Spain	欧洲 Europe	64
日本 Japan	亚洲 Asia	59
巴基斯坦 Pakistan	亚洲 Asia	58
意大利 Italy	欧洲 Europe	48
哥伦比亚 Colombia	南美洲 South America	44
南非 South Africa	非洲 Africa	38
俄罗斯 Russia	欧洲 Europe	38
法国 France	欧洲 Europe	37
墨西哥 Mexico	北美洲 North America	35
德国 Germany	欧洲 Europe	34
荷兰 Netherlands	欧洲 Europe	31

违反的命名法规条款 Violated articles in code	主要存在的问题 Major problems	名称数量* Number of names*
35.1	在不合格的属中发表属级以下分类单元 A name of a taxon below the rank of genus is published and assigned in an invalid published genus	3
40.1	属或以下等级的新分类群名称没有指明命名模式 The type is not indicated when a new taxon at the rank of genus or below is published	3
40.7	新种或种下分类群名称, 没有指明或指出了多于1个模式标本保存的标本馆或收藏机构 The single herbarium or conserved institution in which the type is conserved is not specified when a new species or infraspecific taxon is published	4
40.8	模式是培养物的新种或种下分类群名称, 原白没有包括该培养物保存在新陈代谢停滞状态的陈述 For the name of a new species or infraspecific taxon of which the type is a culture, a statement that the culture is preserved in a metabolically inactive state is not included in the protologue	10
41.5	发表新组合时, 没有完整的引证其基名或被替代异名 The basionym or replaced synonym is not clearly indicated when a new combination is published	2
53.1	晚出同名, 与更早发表的名称拼写完全相同 A later homonym, the spelling of new name exactly like a name that was previously and validly published	5
F.5.1	没有引证名称注册号 Without citation of an identifier issued by a recognized repository for the new name	23

违反的命名法规条款 Violated articles in code	主要存在的问题 Major problems	名称数量* Number of names*
35.1	在不合格的属中发表属级以下分类单元 A name of a taxon below the rank of genus is published and assigned in an invalid published genus	3
40.1	属或以下等级的新分类群名称没有指明命名模式 The type is not indicated when a new taxon at the rank of genus or below is published	3
40.7	新种或种下分类群名称, 没有指明或指出了多于1个模式标本保存的标本馆或收藏机构 The single herbarium or conserved institution in which the type is conserved is not specified when a new species or infraspecific taxon is published	4
40.8	模式是培养物的新种或种下分类群名称, 原白没有包括该培养物保存在新陈代谢停滞状态的陈述 For the name of a new species or infraspecific taxon of which the type is a culture, a statement that the culture is preserved in a metabolically inactive state is not included in the protologue	10
41.5	发表新组合时, 没有完整的引证其基名或被替代异名 The basionym or replaced synonym is not clearly indicated when a new combination is published	2
53.1	晚出同名, 与更早发表的名称拼写完全相同 A later homonym, the spelling of new name exactly like a name that was previously and validly published	5
F.5.1	没有引证名称注册号 Without citation of an identifier issued by a recognized repository for the new name	23