生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 21233.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021233

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国网络平台本土兰科植物贸易状况

黄婧1, 孙美1, 余文峰1,2, 武建勇3,*(), 田怀珍1,*()   

  1. 1.华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200241
    2.上海瞰点科技有限责任公司益盟股份AI与大数据研究院, 上海 200123
    3.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-07 接受日期:2021-12-29 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 武建勇,田怀珍
  • 作者简介:thz0102@126.com
    *E-mail: wujy10@hotmail.com;

Trade of native orchids on Chinese online platforms

Jing Huang1, Mei Sun1, Wenfeng Yu1,2, Jianyong Wu3,*(), Huaizhen Tian1,*()   

  1. 1 School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241
    2 AI and Big Data Research Institute, Shanghai Seek Data Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200123
    3 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042
  • Received:2021-06-07 Accepted:2021-12-29 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-04-14
  • Contact: Jianyong Wu,Huaizhen Tian

摘要:

我国兰科植物物种丰富, 很多具有极高的药用和观赏价值。随着网络平台的迅速发展, 兰科植物的线上交易越来越普遍。为了解国内网络平台的本土兰科植物贸易情况, 本文利用PyCharm Community软件爬取网络交易信息和人工浏览收集的方法, 分析了淘宝网、拼多多和中兰网的兰科植物贸易情况。调查发现: 网络贸易的本土兰科植物共计84属339种(含3变种), 包含45个中国特有种, 兰属(Cymbidium)和石斛属(Dendrobium)是最大的贸易对象。其中, 仅以观赏用途作为卖点的兰科植物309种(91.1%), 仅以药用价值作为卖点的兰科植物5种(1.5%), 以双用途作为卖点的兰科植物25种(7.4%)。本次调查共记录到336种(99.1%)野生兰科植物销售信息, 并发现部分销售者刻意包装野生兰科植物的现象。大部分淘宝网和拼多多的兰科植物最大销售量对应的价位为10-49元, 其中拼多多的价格更低且集中, 位于15-35元的占57.5%。商品货源地较集中, 主要包括云南省、广东省、广西壮族自治区、浙江省、福建省和四川省。进一步对本次记录的兰科植物进行濒危等级统计后发现: 受威胁兰科植物188种(55.5%), 其中极危(Critically Endangered, CR) 23种(6.8%), 濒危(Endangered, EN) 85种(25.1%), 易危(Vulnerable, VU) 80种(23.6%)。为加强我国野生兰科植物多样性保护, 强烈建议各网络平台依据最新《国家重点保护野生植物名录》制定兰科植物商品信息发布规则, 重点监督货源地集中的地区, 同时加强对公众的宣传教育, 相关部门应利用网络平台加强兰科资源的信息交流, 共同保护野生兰科植物。

关键词: 兰花贸易, 兰科植物, 网络平台, 野生资源, 保护利用

Abstract

Aims: China has a high diversity of orchid species, and many of them have high medicinal and ornamental value. With the rapid development of online platforms, the online trade of orchids is becoming increasingly prevalent. This study aims to explore the scope of native online orchid trading in China by investigating the three main trading platforms: Taobao, Pinduoduo and Hmlan.

Methods: We utilized the Pycharm Community software to sift through online trade information and manually browsed other information and recorded it. Then, we made a statistical analysis of the online orchid trade on Taobao, Pinduoduo and Hmlan.

Results: In total, 339 species (including three varieties) classified into 84 genera of orchids were recorded in this survey, including 45 endemic species. Among them, Cymbidium and Dendrobium were the most traded orchid genera. There were 309 species (91.1%) sold for only ornamental use, 5 species (1.5%) for only medicinal use, and 25 species (7.4%) for both purposes. A total of 336 species (99.1%) of wild orchids were recorded, and merchants sell wild orchids on purpose. More than half of the orchids were sold at the price of ¥10-¥49 with the maximum sales on Taobao and Pinduoduo, and sales on Pinduoduo were lower and more concentrated within the price range of ¥15-¥35 occupied 57.5% of sales. Further statistics on the endangered degree of recorded orchids found that 188 species (55.5%) were in threatened, including 23 species (6.8%) in Critically Endangered (CR), 85 species (25.1%) in Endangered (EN) and 80 species (23.6%) in Vulnerable (VU). The source provinces of the orchid sold were mainly in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and Sichuan.

Conclusion: To effectively strengthen the protection of wild orchid diversity in China, it is strongly recommended that each online platform reforms the rules of selling orchids based on the latest List of National Key Protected Wild Plants. Regions mentioned above should be paid more attention, and public education on orchid protection should be enhanced. Relevant departments need to exchange information about the sale of wild orchids on online platforms to protect them.

Key words: orchid trade, Orchidaceae, online platforms, wild resources, conservation and utilization