下辽河平原农田土壤线虫群落组成的季节变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2022222

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 22222. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022222

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

下辽河平原农田土壤线虫群落组成的季节变化

刘笑彤¹^,², 田艺佳¹^,², 刘汉文¹^,², 梁翠影¹, 姜思维¹, 梁文举¹^,³, 张晓珂¹^,³^,^*()

1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2022-04-25 接受日期:2022-07-06 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-09-21
通讯作者: *E-mail: zxk@iae.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41977054);区域创新发展联合基金(U22A20501);科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100304);沈阳市科学技术计划项目(213552);辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2022020396-JH2/1013);辽宁省现代保护性耕作研发与应用高水平创新创业团队(XLYC2008015);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090200)

Seasonal variation in cropland soil nematode community composition in the lower reaches of Liaohe Plain

Xiaotong Liu¹^,², Yijia Tian¹^,², Hanwen Liu¹^,², Cuiying Liang¹, Siwei Jiang¹, Wenju Liang¹^,³, Xiaoke Zhang¹^,³^,^*()

1. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016

Received:2022-04-25 Accepted:2022-07-06 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-09-21
Contact: *E-mail: zxk@iae.ac.cn

1. 附录1 农田及废弃农田土壤线虫属的相对多度(%).pdf(330KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

下辽河平原农田生态系统在管理过程中频繁的耕作、施肥以及农用化学品施用等引发了一系列问题, 如土壤退化、耕地数量减少以及生产力下降等, 不可避免地对土壤生物健康产生影响。为探究农田土壤人工管理对土壤生物群落动态的影响, 本研究在辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开展了农田土壤线虫群落组成的季节变化研究, 对4个季节农田和废弃农田(对照)的土壤线虫群落组成、多度以及多样性等进行了比较分析。研究结果表明, 土壤线虫总多度在废弃农田中显著高于农田, 但季节间差异不显著。季节变化主要显著影响了自由生活线虫的多度, 其在9月达到最高; 季节变化也显著影响了属的数量, 其在非生长季的11月最低。与废弃农田相比, 农田管理显著降低了杂食捕食线虫和食真菌线虫的多度, 土壤食物网结构相对稳定; 而废弃的农田更易受到季节波动的影响, 土壤食物网也受到一定的干扰。

关键词: 季节动态, 农田, 废弃农田, 土壤线虫多样性, 群落组成, 营养类群

Abstract

Aim: The managements in farmland in lower reaches of Liaohe Plain, such as long-term cultivation, fertilizer and agrochemicals application on cropland have led to soil degradation, environmental pollution and the decline of productivity, which inevitably have an impact on soil biological health. Therefore, we investigated the seasonal variations of soil nematode community composition to explore the effects of field artificial management measures on the abundance and diversity of soil nematode community.
Methods: Soils from cropland and abandoned cropland (as controls) were collected in the National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems in the spring (May), summer (July), autumn (September) and winter (November) of 2019. Soil nematodes were identified and the corresponding ecological indices were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that the total abundance of soil nematodes was significantly higher in abandoned cropland than that in cropland soils, but no significant differences were observed among four seasons. Seasonal variation mainly influenced the abundance of soil free-living nematode individuals, with the highest abundance occurring in September. Seasonal variation also significantly affected the number of soil nematode genera, which was the lowest in November (non-growing season). Compared to the abandoned cropland, farmland management significantly reduced the abundance of soil nematodes including omnivores-predators and fungivores.
Conclusions: In cropland, the soil food web was relatively stable, whereas abandoned cropland was more susceptible to seasonal variations, and its soil food web was moderately disturbed.

Key words: seasonal variation, cropland, abandoned cropland, soil nematode diversity, community composition, trophic group

刘笑彤, 田艺佳, 刘汉文, 梁翠影, 姜思维, 梁文举, 张晓珂 (2022) 下辽河平原农田土壤线虫群落组成的季节变化. 生物多样性, 30, 22222. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022222.

Xiaotong Liu, Yijia Tian, Hanwen Liu, Cuiying Liang, Siwei Jiang, Wenju Liang, Xiaoke Zhang (2022) Seasonal variation in cropland soil nematode community composition in the lower reaches of Liaohe Plain. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22222. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022222.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022222

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22222

图/表 7

图1 研究区采样位置示意图。实心圆点代表农田采样区, 红色空心圆点代表废弃农田采样区。

Fig. 1 Diagram of sampling locations in the experiment area. Solid points represent cropland sampling areas. Red hollow points represent abandoned cropland sampling areas.

图2 土壤线虫多度的季节变化。不同大写字母代表两种土地利用方式间存在显著差异。

Fig. 2 Seasonal variation of the nematode abundance. Different capital letters indicate that there were significant differences between the cropland and abandoned cropland.

图3 不同季节农田(a)和废弃农田(b)土壤线虫属相对丰度(%) (只列出相对丰度前10的线虫属)。(a)农田, (b)废弃农田。

Fig. 3 Relative abundance (%) of top 10 soil nematode genera at different seasons. (a) Cropland, (b) Abandoned cropland.

图4 不同土地利用方式土壤线虫4个营养类群多度的季节变化。PP: 植物寄生线虫; FF: 食真菌性线虫; BF: 食细菌性线虫; OP: 杂食捕食线虫。不同小写字母表示不同季节间有显著性差异。

Fig. 4 Seasonal variation in the abundance of soil nematode trophic groups. PP, Plant-parasites; FF, Fungivores; BF, Bacterivores; OP, Omnivores-predators. Different lowercase letters indicate that there were significant differences in different seasons.

图5 土壤线虫α多样性指数的季节变化。不同小写字母表示不同季节间有显著性差异。

Fig. 5 Seasonal variation in the alpha diversity of soil nematodes. Different lowercase letters indicate that there were significant differences in different seasons.

图6 土壤线虫区系分析。A: A象限; B: B象限; C: C象限; D: D象限。

Fig. 6 Results of soil nematode faunal analysis. A, Quadrant A; B, Quadrant B; C, Quadrant C; D, Quadrant D.

图7 不同季节土壤线虫群落主坐标分析。(a) 5月; (b) 7月; (c) 9月; (d) 11月。

Fig. 7 Principal coordinate analysis of soil nematode communities among different seasons. (a) May; (b) July; (c) September; (d) November. ***, P < 0.001.

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下辽河平原农田土壤线虫群落组成的季节变化

Seasonal variation in cropland soil nematode community composition in the lower reaches of Liaohe Plain

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