不同土壤线虫功能团对水稻生长及地上部植食者的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2019006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探明土壤生物多营养级相互作用是了解生态功能调控机制的核心。本研究通过调控土壤线虫的典型功能团的完全交互设计(食微线虫有无、植食线虫有无、捕杂食线虫有无)探索了线虫功能团对水稻(Oryza sativa)生长及褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)数量的影响。结果表明, 与不接种线虫相比, 植食线虫显著增加水稻根系生物量(P < 0.05), 显著增加其茎叶总酚含量(P < 0.05); 单独的食微线虫增加了褐飞虱数量(P < 0.05), 但显著降低水稻根系生物量(P < 0.05); 捕杂食线虫促进水稻茎叶生长, 降低了褐飞虱数量; 当食微、植食和捕杂食线虫同时存在时, 植物茎叶及根系总酚含量均处于较高水平, 暗示其抗虫潜力更强。总之, 处于较高营养级的捕杂食线虫能够通过调控植食和食微线虫的数量, 提高植物的防御能力, 暗示土壤生物调控措施在植物地上部病原物防控方面有重要的前景。

关键词: 土壤生物多样性, 生物相互作用, 植物化学组成, 地上和地下部, 植物防御

Abstract

Soil multitrophic interactions are the keystone of understanding mechanisms of ecological function. In order to test the effect of nematode functional guilds on rice growth and Nilaparvata lugens abundance, a pot experiment was conducted by growing rice with a complete factorial design manipulating microbivores (microbivorous nematodes), herbivores (herbivorous nematodes) and omnivore-carnivores (omnivore-carnivorous nematodes). Results showed that compared with no nematodes, herbivores significantly increased rice root biomass (P < 0.05) and total shoot phenolic content (P < 0.05). The microbivores significantly increased N. lugens abundance and significantly reduced root biomass (P < 0.05). Omnivore-carnivores promoted rice shoot growth (P < 0.05), decreased the number of N. lugens (P < 0.05). Higher total phenolic content occurred in treatment receiving all three nematode functional guilds, suggesting stronger potential for insect resistance. In conclusion, organisms at higher trophic levels, such as omnivore-carnivores, could promote plant defense and suppress aboveground herbivory via regulating the herbivores and microbivores. Soil biota managements play central roles in control of trophic level diversity.

Key words: soil biodiversity, biotic interactions, plant chemistry, aboveground-belowground, plant defense

朱柏菁, 薛敬荣, 夏蓉, 靳苗苗, 吴攸, 田善义, 陈小云, 刘满强, 胡锋 (2019) 不同土壤线虫功能团对水稻生长及地上部植食者的影响. 生物多样性, 27, 409-418. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019006.

Baijing Zhu, Jingrong Xue, Rong Xia, Miaomiao Jin, You Wu, Shanyi Tian, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu, Feng Hu (2019) Effect of soil nematode functional guilds on plant growth and aboveground herbivores. Biodiversity Science, 27, 409-418. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019006.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019006

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I4/409

图/表 6

图1 线虫功能团对褐飞虱影响途径的概念思路框架, 实线箭头代表正面影响, 虚线箭头代表负面影响。

Fig. 1 Conceptual framework showing the main pathways of how nematode functional guilds affect brown planthopper via nutrient and defense effects. Solid arrows represent positive impact and dotted arrows represent negative impact.

表1 植食线虫、食微线虫和捕杂食线虫数量对水稻茎叶和根系生物量、化学组成含量及褐飞虱数量影响的多元线性回归分析结果

Table 1 Multivariate linear regression results showing the effects of herbivores, microbivores and omnivore-carnivores abundance on the biomass and chemical composition contents of rice shoots and roots and the abundance of brown planthoppers

变异来源 Source of variation	茎叶 Shoot				根系 Root				褐飞虱数量 Brown planthoppers abundance
变异来源 Source of variation	生物量 Biomass	可溶性糖 Sugars	游离氨基酸 Amino acids	总酚 Phenolics	生物量 Biomass	可溶性糖 Sugars	游离氨基酸 Amino acids	总酚 Phenolics	褐飞虱数量 Brown planthoppers abundance
植食线虫 H	0.06	0.15	-0.03	0.36^**	0.29^**	-1.15	-0.23	0.21^*	-0.22
食微线虫 M	-0.13	-0.28	0.06	-0.23	-0.19	0.33	-0.34	-0.41^*	-0.93^**
捕杂食线虫 O	0.23^**	-0.10	-0.04	-0.02	-0.03	0.81	-0.55	0.40^**	-1.07^**
H × M	0.14	-0.23	0.15	0.26	-0.51	2.39	0.41	-0.13	1.48
H × O	0.69	-0.62	0.23	0.57	-0.56^*	7.32^**	0.89	-0.21	1.46
M × O	0.00	-0.17	0.02	0.56	-0.94	-1.75	1.25	-0.09	2.43^**
M × H × O	-0.72	0.96	-2.78	-1.20	5.88^*	-8.33	-1.48	1.31	-3.97
R²	0.5	0.24	0.24	0.53	0.59	0.63	0.11	0.42	0.47

图2 不同线虫功能团对水稻茎叶和根系生物量(A, B)、可溶性糖(C, D)、游离氨基酸(E, F)浓度的影响。不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(Fisher’s LSD test, P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of soil nematode functional guilds on the biomass, concentrations of soluble sugars, amino acids in rice shoot (A, C, E) and root (B, D, F). Means with different letters indicate significant difference among treatments (Fisher’s LSD test, P < 0.05). Error bars are standard errors.

图3 不同线虫功能团对水稻茎叶和根系总酚(A, B)浓度的影响。不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(Fisher’s LSD test, P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of soil nematode functional guilds on the concentrations of phenolics in rice shoot (A) and root (B). Means with different letters indicate significant difference among treatments (Fisher’s LSD test, P < 0.05). Error bars are standard errors.

图4 不同线虫功能团接入后对食微线虫(A)、植食线虫(B)和捕杂食线虫(C)及褐飞虱(D)数量的影响。不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(Fisher’s LSD test, P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Abundance of microbivores (A), herbivores (B), omnivore-carnivores (C) and brown planthoppers (D) affected by the manipulations of different nematode functional guilds. Means with different letters indicate significant difference among treatments (Fisher’s LSD test, P < 0.05). Error bars are standard errors.

图5 不同线虫功能团数量与水稻生物量、总酚浓度及褐飞虱数量的相关关系散点图

Fig. 5 Scatter plots between the abundance of nematode functional guilds and rice biomass, phenolics concentrations, the abundance of brown planthoppers.

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