海南北黎湾和后水湾湿地水鸟的季节动态、物种丰富度和种间相关性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 226-232. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217

海南北黎湾和后水湾湿地水鸟的季节动态、物种丰富度和种间相关性

杨灿朝¹^,², 蔡燕¹, 梁伟¹^,^*(), 张国钢³, 史海涛¹

1 海南师范大学生命科学学院, 海口 571158
2 中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275
3 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2008-08-28 接受日期:2008-12-31 出版日期:2009-05-20 发布日期:2009-05-20
通讯作者: 梁伟
作者简介:*E-mail: liangwei@hainnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLBC0704);国家林业局保护司黑脸琵鹭保护专项和世界自然基金会(WWF)中国野生动物保护小额基金项目(CN0861.01)

Waterbirds diversity, seasonal dynamics, and interspecific correlation in the wetlands of Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan

Canchao Yang¹^,², Yan Cai¹, Wei Liang¹^,^*(), Guogang Zhang³, Haitao Shi¹

1 College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158
2 School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
3 Research Institute of Forest Ecology and Environment Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091

Received:2008-08-28 Accepted:2008-12-31 Online:2009-05-20 Published:2009-05-20
Contact: Wei Liang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2004年11月至2005年11月, 采用逐月定点统计的方法, 对海南北黎湾和后水湾两个湿地黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)的越冬种群和水鸟的季节动态进行了调查。共记录到水鸟50种, 隶属于5目10科, 首次发现海南新记录种半蹼鹬(Limnodromus semipalmatus)。两地水鸟种类和数量的最高峰均发生在11月, 最低谷在次年6月, 与湿地水鸟的全年变化相关。黑脸琵鹭的越冬种群最早到达海南为9月, 离开时间为次年4月, 数量最高峰在北黎湾为12月(75只), 在后水湾为1月和2月(9只)。北黎湾水鸟的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和最大多样性值均大于后水湾, 湿地面积大小及其生境的多样性是两地水鸟丰富度差异的主要原因, 而人为干扰强度可能是影响黑脸琵鹭对两地越冬地利用的重要因素。研究表明, 北黎湾和后水湾是许多水鸟, 尤其是黑脸琵鹭在海南的重要越冬地, 需进一步加强监测和保护。

关键词: 水鸟, 物种丰富度, 季节动态, 黑脸琵鹭, 北黎湾, 后水湾, 海南

Abstract

We conducted monthly waterbird surveys using random transects in Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan Island from November 2004 to November 2005. Fifty waterbird species of 5 orders and 10 families were recorded. The waterbird species richness and abundance were the highest in November and the lowest in June. The abundance of waterbirds was correlated among species and affected seasonal dynamics and species richness. Asian dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus) was recorded for the first time in Hainan Island. The endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) occurred at the study sites from September to April. The highest number (75) of this species was observed in Beili Bay in December while the largest flock (9 individuals) was present in Houshui Bay in January and February. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were higher in Beili Bay than in Houshui Bay. Differences in area and habitat heterogeneity between the two sites probably affected observed variation of waterbird community structure. Human disturbance might be an important factor altering wintering habitat of black-faced spoonbill. The results suggest that Beili and Houshui Bays are important wintering site of many waterbirds, particularly black-faced spoonbill; long-term monitoring and conservation programs should be considered.

Key words: waterbirds, species richness, diversity, seasonal dynamics, black-faced spoonbill, Beili Bay, Houshui Bay, Hainan

杨灿朝, 蔡燕, 梁伟, 张国钢, 史海涛 (2009) 海南北黎湾和后水湾湿地水鸟的季节动态、物种丰富度和种间相关性. 生物多样性, 17, 226-232. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217.

Canchao Yang, Yan Cai, Wei Liang, Guogang Zhang, Haitao Shi (2009) Waterbirds diversity, seasonal dynamics, and interspecific correlation in the wetlands of Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan. Biodiversity Science, 17, 226-232. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I3/226

图/表 8

参考文献 16

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科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	地点 Site
科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
鹭科 Ardeidae	苍鹭 Ardea cinerea	180	5-6, 8-3	√	√
	池鹭 Ardeola bacchus	72	7, 9-3	√	√
	牛背鹭 Bubulus ibis	2	2-3, 8	√	√
	绿鹭 Butorides striatus	3	7-1, 4	√	√
	大白鹭 Casmerodius albus	30	8-6	√	√
	小白鹭 Egretta garzetta	109	7-4	√	√
	中白鹭 Mesophoyx intermedia	20	11	√
鹮科 Threskiornithidae	黑脸琵鹭 Platalea minor	75	9-4	√	√
	白琵鹭 P. leucorodia	1	11	√
秧鸡科 Rallidae	白胸苦恶鸟 Amaurornis akool	1	2	√
反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridae	黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus	60	8-9	√
鸻科 Charaddriidae	环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus	206	1-12	√	√
	金眶鸻 C. dubius	21	8-2	√	√
	铁嘴沙鸻 C. leschenaultii	340	7-1, 3-5	√	√
	蒙古沙鸻 C. mongolus	100	11	√
	灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola	36	10-1, 3	√	√
鹬科 Scolopacidae	矶鹬 Actitis hypoleucos	9	8-12, 2	√	√
	翻石鹬 Arenaria interpres	15	8-11		√
	三趾鹬 Calidris alba	1	11	√
	黑腹滨鹬 C. alpina	300	11	√
	红腹滨鹬 C. canutus	6	8	√
	弯嘴滨鹬 C. ferruginea	12	7-8, 11-12	√	√
	红颈滨鹬 C. ruficollis	120	2-5, 7-8, 11	√
	长趾滨鹬 C. subminuta	21	11-12	√
	青脚滨鹬 C. temminckii	100	11	√
	大滨鹬 C. tenuirostris	2	11	√
	扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago	4	9-11		√
	灰尾漂鹬 Heteroscelus brevipes	22	8-11, 5		√
	阔嘴鹬 Limicola falcinellus	2	3-5	√
	半蹼鹬 Limnodromus semipalmatus	5	9	√
	斑尾塍鹬 Limosa lapponica	5	12	√
	黑尾塍鹬 L. limosa	3	11	√
	白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata	337	8-4, 6		√
	中杓鹬 N. phaeopus	92	10-1, 5, 8	√	√
	流苏鹬 Philomachus pugnax	2	11	√
	鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus	30	10-11, 5	√
	林鹬 T. glareola	32	9-11	√	√
	青脚鹬 T. nebularia	177	8-6	√	√
	白腰草鹬 T. ochropus	4	8	√	√
	泽鹬 T. stagnatilis	370	2, 6-7	√	√
	红脚鹬 T. totanus	30	2-4, 6-12	√	√
	翘嘴鹬 Xenus cinereus	7	4-5, 7-8	√	√
鸥科 Laridae	银鸥 Larus argentatus	9	11	√
燕鸥科 Sternidae	红嘴巨鸥 Caspian tern	55	10-1, 3	√	√
	白额燕鸥 Sterna albifrons	33	5-8	√	√
鹗科 Pandionidae	鹗 Pandion haliaetus	1	8, 11-1	√
翠鸟科 Alcedinidae	普通翠鸟 Alcedo atthis	9	1-12	√	√
	白胸翡翠 Halcyon smyrnensis	2	1-12	√	√
	蓝翡翠 H. Pileata	7	1-12	√	√

科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	地点 Site
科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
鹭科 Ardeidae	苍鹭 Ardea cinerea	180	5-6, 8-3	√	√
	池鹭 Ardeola bacchus	72	7, 9-3	√	√
	牛背鹭 Bubulus ibis	2	2-3, 8	√	√
	绿鹭 Butorides striatus	3	7-1, 4	√	√
	大白鹭 Casmerodius albus	30	8-6	√	√
	小白鹭 Egretta garzetta	109	7-4	√	√
	中白鹭 Mesophoyx intermedia	20	11	√
鹮科 Threskiornithidae	黑脸琵鹭 Platalea minor	75	9-4	√	√
	白琵鹭 P. leucorodia	1	11	√
秧鸡科 Rallidae	白胸苦恶鸟 Amaurornis akool	1	2	√
反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridae	黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus	60	8-9	√
鸻科 Charaddriidae	环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus	206	1-12	√	√
	金眶鸻 C. dubius	21	8-2	√	√
	铁嘴沙鸻 C. leschenaultii	340	7-1, 3-5	√	√
	蒙古沙鸻 C. mongolus	100	11	√
	灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola	36	10-1, 3	√	√
鹬科 Scolopacidae	矶鹬 Actitis hypoleucos	9	8-12, 2	√	√
	翻石鹬 Arenaria interpres	15	8-11		√
	三趾鹬 Calidris alba	1	11	√
	黑腹滨鹬 C. alpina	300	11	√
	红腹滨鹬 C. canutus	6	8	√
	弯嘴滨鹬 C. ferruginea	12	7-8, 11-12	√	√
	红颈滨鹬 C. ruficollis	120	2-5, 7-8, 11	√
	长趾滨鹬 C. subminuta	21	11-12	√
	青脚滨鹬 C. temminckii	100	11	√
	大滨鹬 C. tenuirostris	2	11	√
	扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago	4	9-11		√
	灰尾漂鹬 Heteroscelus brevipes	22	8-11, 5		√
	阔嘴鹬 Limicola falcinellus	2	3-5	√
	半蹼鹬 Limnodromus semipalmatus	5	9	√
	斑尾塍鹬 Limosa lapponica	5	12	√
	黑尾塍鹬 L. limosa	3	11	√
	白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata	337	8-4, 6		√
	中杓鹬 N. phaeopus	92	10-1, 5, 8	√	√
	流苏鹬 Philomachus pugnax	2	11	√
	鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus	30	10-11, 5	√
	林鹬 T. glareola	32	9-11	√	√
	青脚鹬 T. nebularia	177	8-6	√	√
	白腰草鹬 T. ochropus	4	8	√	√
	泽鹬 T. stagnatilis	370	2, 6-7	√	√
	红脚鹬 T. totanus	30	2-4, 6-12	√	√
	翘嘴鹬 Xenus cinereus	7	4-5, 7-8	√	√
鸥科 Laridae	银鸥 Larus argentatus	9	11	√
燕鸥科 Sternidae	红嘴巨鸥 Caspian tern	55	10-1, 3	√	√
	白额燕鸥 Sterna albifrons	33	5-8	√	√
鹗科 Pandionidae	鹗 Pandion haliaetus	1	8, 11-1	√
翠鸟科 Alcedinidae	普通翠鸟 Alcedo atthis	9	1-12	√	√
	白胸翡翠 Halcyon smyrnensis	2	1-12	√	√
	蓝翡翠 H. Pileata	7	1-12	√	√

	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter		全年 The whole year
	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
种数 No. of species	24	15	19	12	29	24	36	24	46	30
科数 No. of family	7	5	5	5	9	6	8	7	10	7
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	2.01	1.48	2.20	0.73	2.87	2.02	2.72	1.99	2.99	2.25
均匀度指数 Pielou index	0.63	0.55	0.75	0.30	0.85	0.64	0.76	0.62	0.78	0.66

	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter		全年 The whole year
	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
种数 No. of species	24	15	19	12	29	24	36	24	46	30
科数 No. of family	7	5	5	5	9	6	8	7	10	7
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	2.01	1.48	2.20	0.73	2.87	2.02	2.72	1.99	2.99	2.25
均匀度指数 Pielou index	0.63	0.55	0.75	0.30	0.85	0.64	0.76	0.62	0.78	0.66

	灰斑鸻 Grey plover	金眶鸻 Little ringed plover	铁嘴沙鸻 Greater sand plover	鹤鹬 Spotted redshank	黑腹滨鹬 Dunlin	红脚鹬 Common redshank	红颈滨鹬 Red-necked stint	矶鹬 Common sandpiper	青脚鹬 Common greenshank	泽鹬 Marsh sandpiper
环颈鸻 Kentish plover	0.522	-0.043	-0.402	0.878**	0.938**	0.516	0.717**	0.205	0.791**	0.466
灰斑鸻 Grey plover		-0.266	-0.340	0.418	0.287	0.176	0.143	-0.116	0.583*	0.924**
金眶鸻 Little ringed plover			-0.188	-0.143	-0.094	-0.122	-0.242	0.201	0.342	-0.013
铁嘴沙鸻 Greater sand plover				-0.393	-0.270	0.263	0.070	-0.421	-0.641*	-0.454
鹤鹬 Spotted redshank					0.759**	0.668*	0.533	0.274	0.753**	0.296
黑腹滨鹬 Dunlin						0.458	0.825**	0.190	0.596*	0.233
红脚鹬 Common redshank							0.362	0.106	0.339	-0.012
红颈滨鹬 Red-necked stint								0.227	0.274	-0.005
矶鹬 Common sandpiper									0.333	-0.101
青脚鹬 Common greenshank										0.618*

海南北黎湾和后水湾湿地水鸟的季节动态、物种丰富度和种间相关性

Waterbirds diversity, seasonal dynamics, and interspecific correlation in the wetlands of Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan

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参考文献 16

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	金眶鸻 Little ringed plover	铁嘴沙鸻 Greater sand plover	灰尾漂鹬 Grey-tailed tattler	中杓鹬 Whimbrel	白腰杓鹬 Eurasian curlew	青脚鹬 Common greenshank	翻石鹬 Ruddy turnstone	红脚鹬 Common redshank	泽鹬 Marsh sandpiper	矶鹬 Common sandpiper
灰斑鸻 Grey plover	0.715**	-0.201	0.062	0.097	0.666*	0.154	0.486	0.151	0.240	0.675*
金眶鸻 Little ringed plover		-0.020	0.181	0.060	0.980**	0.375	0.876**	0.127	0.536	0.835**
铁嘴沙鸻 Greater sand plover			0.419	0.349	0.057	0.501	0.297	-0.072	0.492	0.017
灰尾漂鹬 Grey-tailed tattler				0.967**	0.187	0.019	0.399	0.580*	0.423	0.024
中杓鹬 Whimbrel					0.043	-0.093	0.243	0.565	0.318	-0.023
白腰杓鹬 Eurasian curlew						0.527	0.916**	0.104	0.602*	0.849**
青脚鹬 Common greenshank							0.636*	-0.217	0.734**	0.624*
翻石鹬 Ruddy turnstone								0.134	0.855**	0.808**
红脚鹬 Common redshank									0.025	-0.059
泽鹬 Marsh sandpiper										0.680*

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