崇明东滩潮间带潮沟浮游动物的种类组成及多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.067

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示潮间带潮沟水域浮游动物的多样性, 作者于2008年4-12月在崇明东滩选取6条潮沟共18个站点进行4个季节的浮游动物采样调查。检获到浮游动物44种, 隶属于6个类群, 其中桡足类占绝对优势, 达总种类数的79.5%。分析了浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构及物种多样性等生态特征参数的季节变化。优势种有9种, 春季以细巧华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus tenellus)优势度最高, 夏季以火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)优势度最高, 秋季以火腿许水蚤和中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)优势度较高, 冬季则以四刺窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona etraspina)和中华华哲水蚤的优势度较高。多样性指数显示, Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)值以夏冬季较高, 物种丰富度指数(d)值以夏秋季较高, Pielou均匀度指数(J′)值以冬季最高。与崇明岛附近的长江口北港北支水域已有的研究结果相比, 种类组成差异较大, 仅有6个共有种。浮游动物的生态特征与潮汐关系密切, 涨潮时物种多样性略高于落潮时, 涨潮和落潮时优势种的种类及优势度也均呈现出一定差异。盐度、温度、径流及潮流等环境因素对潮沟浮游动物的时空分布产生了重要影响。

关键词: 种类组成, 优势种, 群落结构, 物种多样性, 潮沟, 浮游动物

Abstract

In order to reveal the diversity of zooplankton in tidal creeks of the Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat, we sampled zooplankton at 18 stations in six tidal creeks during four seasons from April to December in 2008. The species composition, dominant species, community structure, and species diversity were recorded. A total of 44 species, belonging to 6 taxa, were identified. Among them, Copepoda were dominant, accounting for 79.5% of the total recorded species. There were nine dominant species. Sinocalanus tenellus was the most dominant species in spring, Schmackeria poplesia in summer, Schmackeria poplesia and Sinocalanus sinensis in autumn, and Sinocalanus sinensis and Limnoithona etraspina in winter. Shannon-Wiener indices (H′) were higher in summer and winter, species richness indices (d) were higher in summer and autumn, and Pielou evenness indices (J′) peaked in winter. Compared with data from North Channel and the North Branch of the Yangtze River Estuary, only six common species were found, demonstrating significantly different species composition. The ecological characteristics of zooplankton were also related to tide; species diversity was slightly higher during flood tide than ebb tide. In addition, the dominant species were different during flood and ebb tide. Environmental factors, such as salinity, temperature, runoff, and tidal current influenced the temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton in tidal creeks.

Key words: species composition, dominant species, community structure, species diversity, tidal creek, zooplankton

李强, 安传光, 马强, 徐霖林, 赵云龙 (2010) 崇明东滩潮间带潮沟浮游动物的种类组成及多样性. 生物多样性, 18, 67-75. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.067.

Qiang Li, Chuanguang An, Qiang Ma, Linlin Xu, Yunlong Zhao (2010) Species composition and diversity of zooplankton in tidal creeks of the Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat. Biodiversity Science, 18, 67-75. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.067.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.067

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I1/67

图/表 7

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类群 Phyla	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter		全年 Total
类群 Phyla	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E
桡足类 Copepoda	21 (80.8%)	21 (80.8%)	23 (76.7%)	23 (76.7%)	27 (75.0%)	26 (76.5%)	20 (83.3%)	19 (82.6%)	35 (79.5%)	35 (79.5%)
端足类 Amphipoda	2 (7.7%)	2 (7.7%)	3 (10.0%)	3 (10.0%)	3 (8.3%)	2 (5.9%)	2 (8.3%)	2 (8.7%)	3 (6.8%)	3 (6.8%)
等足类 Isopoda	0	0	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	2 (5.6%)	2 (5.9%)	0	0	2 (4.5%)	2 (4.5%)
枝角类 Cladoceran	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.8%)	2 (6.7%)	2 (6.7%)	2 (5.6%)	2 (5.9%)	0	0	2 (4.5%)	2 (4.5%)
糠虾类 Mysidacea	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (4.2%)	1 (4.3%)	1 (2.3%)	1 (2.3%)
涟虫类 Cumacea	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.8%)	0	0	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (4.2%)	1 (4.3%)	1 (2.3%)	1 (2.3%)
合计 Total	26	26	30	30	36	34	24	23	44	44

类群 Phyla	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter		全年 Total
类群 Phyla	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E
桡足类 Copepoda	21 (80.8%)	21 (80.8%)	23 (76.7%)	23 (76.7%)	27 (75.0%)	26 (76.5%)	20 (83.3%)	19 (82.6%)	35 (79.5%)	35 (79.5%)
端足类 Amphipoda	2 (7.7%)	2 (7.7%)	3 (10.0%)	3 (10.0%)	3 (8.3%)	2 (5.9%)	2 (8.3%)	2 (8.7%)	3 (6.8%)	3 (6.8%)
等足类 Isopoda	0	0	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	2 (5.6%)	2 (5.9%)	0	0	2 (4.5%)	2 (4.5%)
枝角类 Cladoceran	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.8%)	2 (6.7%)	2 (6.7%)	2 (5.6%)	2 (5.9%)	0	0	2 (4.5%)	2 (4.5%)
糠虾类 Mysidacea	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (4.2%)	1 (4.3%)	1 (2.3%)	1 (2.3%)
涟虫类 Cumacea	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.8%)	0	0	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (4.2%)	1 (4.3%)	1 (2.3%)	1 (2.3%)
合计 Total	26	26	30	30	36	34	24	23	44	44

优势种 Dominant species	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter
优势种 Dominant species	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E
中华华哲水蚤 Sinocalanus sinensis	0.032	0.021	0.184	0.177	0.268	0.625	0.338	0.069
细巧华哲水蚤 S. tenellus	0.538	0.243			0.022		0.082	0.034
火腿许水蚤 Schmackeria poplesia		0.056	0.454	0.455	0.310	0.022	0.049	0.066
宽足咸水剑水蚤 Halicyclops latus				0.022
中华咸水剑水蚤 H. sinensis			0.043	0.049	0.050	0.080		0.031
四刺窄腹剑水蚤 Limnoithona etraspina					0.095	0.030	0.300	0.432
湖泊美丽猛水蚤 Nitocra lacustris			0.029
三角大吉猛水蚤 Tachidius triangularis	0.184	0.218					0.027	0.053
四刺破足猛水蚤 Mesochra quadrispinosa	0.122	0.081					0.043	0.036

优势种 Dominant species	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter
优势种 Dominant species	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E	涨潮 F	落潮 E
中华华哲水蚤 Sinocalanus sinensis	0.032	0.021	0.184	0.177	0.268	0.625	0.338	0.069
细巧华哲水蚤 S. tenellus	0.538	0.243			0.022		0.082	0.034
火腿许水蚤 Schmackeria poplesia		0.056	0.454	0.455	0.310	0.022	0.049	0.066
宽足咸水剑水蚤 Halicyclops latus				0.022
中华咸水剑水蚤 H. sinensis			0.043	0.049	0.050	0.080		0.031
四刺窄腹剑水蚤 Limnoithona etraspina					0.095	0.030	0.300	0.432
湖泊美丽猛水蚤 Nitocra lacustris			0.029
三角大吉猛水蚤 Tachidius triangularis	0.184	0.218					0.027	0.053
四刺破足猛水蚤 Mesochra quadrispinosa	0.122	0.081					0.043	0.036

季节 Season	潮汐 Tide	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6
春季 Spring	涨潮 Flood tide	2.29-3.06	1.54-2.07	1.53-2.21	1.35-1.97	1.48-1.83	1.46-1.99
春季 Spring	落潮 Ebb tide	0.75-0.96	0.53-0.68	0.53-0.77	0.54-0.72	0.50-0.69	0.47-0.63
夏季 Summer	涨潮 Flood tide	2.37-3.16	1.63-2.29	1.66-2.30	1.48-2.09	1.59-1.97	1.60-2.07
夏季 Summer	落潮 Ebb tide	0.78-0.99	0.56-0.73	0.60-0.77	0.58-0.71	0.60-0.72	0.57-0.69
秋季 Autumn	涨潮 Flood tide	2.31-3.12	1.60-2.24	1.61-2.26	1.45-2.05	1.50-1.95	1.56-2.03
秋季 Autumn	落潮 Ebb tide	0.80-1.01	0.55-0.69	0.59-0.78	0.56-0.73	0.59-0.75	0.60-0.72
冬季 Winter	涨潮 Flood tide	2.14-2.98	1.47-1.95	1.42-2.03	1.28-1.85	1.34-1.76	1.32-1.81
冬季 Winter	落潮 Ebb tide	0.69-0.91	0.49-0.65	0.46-0.66	0.45-0.62	0.44-0.55	0.44-0.61