生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 67-75. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.067
收稿日期:
2009-04-09
接受日期:
2009-09-24
出版日期:
2010-01-20
发布日期:
2010-01-20
通讯作者:
赵云龙
作者简介:
* E-mail: ylzhao@bio.ecnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Qiang Li, Chuanguang An, Qiang Ma, Linlin Xu, Yunlong Zhao*()
Received:
2009-04-09
Accepted:
2009-09-24
Online:
2010-01-20
Published:
2010-01-20
Contact:
Yunlong Zhao
摘要:
为了揭示潮间带潮沟水域浮游动物的多样性, 作者于2008年4-12月在崇明东滩选取6条潮沟共18个站点进行4个季节的浮游动物采样调查。检获到浮游动物44种, 隶属于6个类群, 其中桡足类占绝对优势, 达总种类数的79.5%。分析了浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构及物种多样性等生态特征参数的季节变化。优势种有9种, 春季以细巧华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus tenellus)优势度最高, 夏季以火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)优势度最高, 秋季以火腿许水蚤和中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)优势度较高, 冬季则以四刺窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona etraspina)和中华华哲水蚤的优势度较高。多样性指数显示, Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)值以夏冬季较高, 物种丰富度指数(d)值以夏秋季较高, Pielou均匀度指数(J′)值以冬季最高。与崇明岛附近的长江口北港北支水域已有的研究结果相比, 种类组成差异较大, 仅有6个共有种。浮游动物的生态特征与潮汐关系密切, 涨潮时物种多样性略高于落潮时, 涨潮和落潮时优势种的种类及优势度也均呈现出一定差异。盐度、温度、径流及潮流等环境因素对潮沟浮游动物的时空分布产生了重要影响。
李强, 安传光, 马强, 徐霖林, 赵云龙 (2010) 崇明东滩潮间带潮沟浮游动物的种类组成及多样性. 生物多样性, 18, 67-75. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.067.
Qiang Li, Chuanguang An, Qiang Ma, Linlin Xu, Yunlong Zhao (2010) Species composition and diversity of zooplankton in tidal creeks of the Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat. Biodiversity Science, 18, 67-75. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.067.
类群 Phyla | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | 全年 Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | |
桡足类 Copepoda | 21 (80.8%) | 21 (80.8%) | 23 (76.7%) | 23 (76.7%) | 27 (75.0%) | 26 (76.5%) | 20 (83.3%) | 19 (82.6%) | 35 (79.5%) | 35 (79.5%) |
端足类 Amphipoda | 2 (7.7%) | 2 (7.7%) | 3 (10.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 3 (8.3%) | 2 (5.9%) | 2 (8.3%) | 2 (8.7%) | 3 (6.8%) | 3 (6.8%) |
等足类 Isopoda | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.5%) | 2 (4.5%) |
枝角类 Cladoceran | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (5.6%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.5%) | 2 (4.5%) |
糠虾类 Mysidacea | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (2.3%) |
涟虫类 Cumacea | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (2.3%) |
合计 Total | 26 | 26 | 30 | 30 | 36 | 34 | 24 | 23 | 44 | 44 |
表1 崇明东滩潮间带潮沟浮游动物种类组成及百分比
Table 1 Species composition and percentage of zooplankton in tidal creeks of Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat
类群 Phyla | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | 全年 Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | |
桡足类 Copepoda | 21 (80.8%) | 21 (80.8%) | 23 (76.7%) | 23 (76.7%) | 27 (75.0%) | 26 (76.5%) | 20 (83.3%) | 19 (82.6%) | 35 (79.5%) | 35 (79.5%) |
端足类 Amphipoda | 2 (7.7%) | 2 (7.7%) | 3 (10.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 3 (8.3%) | 2 (5.9%) | 2 (8.3%) | 2 (8.7%) | 3 (6.8%) | 3 (6.8%) |
等足类 Isopoda | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.5%) | 2 (4.5%) |
枝角类 Cladoceran | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (5.6%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.5%) | 2 (4.5%) |
糠虾类 Mysidacea | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (2.3%) |
涟虫类 Cumacea | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (2.3%) |
合计 Total | 26 | 26 | 30 | 30 | 36 | 34 | 24 | 23 | 44 | 44 |
优势种 Dominant species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | ||||
中华华哲水蚤 Sinocalanus sinensis | 0.032 | 0.021 | 0.184 | 0.177 | 0.268 | 0.625 | 0.338 | 0.069 | |||
细巧华哲水蚤 S. tenellus | 0.538 | 0.243 | 0.022 | 0.082 | 0.034 | ||||||
火腿许水蚤 Schmackeria poplesia | 0.056 | 0.454 | 0.455 | 0.310 | 0.022 | 0.049 | 0.066 | ||||
宽足咸水剑水蚤 Halicyclops latus | 0.022 | ||||||||||
中华咸水剑水蚤 H. sinensis | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.050 | 0.080 | 0.031 | ||||||
四刺窄腹剑水蚤 Limnoithona etraspina | 0.095 | 0.030 | 0.300 | 0.432 | |||||||
湖泊美丽猛水蚤 Nitocra lacustris | 0.029 | ||||||||||
三角大吉猛水蚤 Tachidius triangularis | 0.184 | 0.218 | 0.027 | 0.053 | |||||||
四刺破足猛水蚤 Mesochra quadrispinosa | 0.122 | 0.081 | 0.043 | 0.036 |
表2 崇明东滩潮间带潮沟浮游动物优势种及优势度
Table 2 Dominant species and dominance of zooplankton in tidal creeks of Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat
优势种 Dominant species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | 涨潮 F | 落潮 E | ||||
中华华哲水蚤 Sinocalanus sinensis | 0.032 | 0.021 | 0.184 | 0.177 | 0.268 | 0.625 | 0.338 | 0.069 | |||
细巧华哲水蚤 S. tenellus | 0.538 | 0.243 | 0.022 | 0.082 | 0.034 | ||||||
火腿许水蚤 Schmackeria poplesia | 0.056 | 0.454 | 0.455 | 0.310 | 0.022 | 0.049 | 0.066 | ||||
宽足咸水剑水蚤 Halicyclops latus | 0.022 | ||||||||||
中华咸水剑水蚤 H. sinensis | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.050 | 0.080 | 0.031 | ||||||
四刺窄腹剑水蚤 Limnoithona etraspina | 0.095 | 0.030 | 0.300 | 0.432 | |||||||
湖泊美丽猛水蚤 Nitocra lacustris | 0.029 | ||||||||||
三角大吉猛水蚤 Tachidius triangularis | 0.184 | 0.218 | 0.027 | 0.053 | |||||||
四刺破足猛水蚤 Mesochra quadrispinosa | 0.122 | 0.081 | 0.043 | 0.036 |
季节 Season | 潮汐 Tide | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
春季 Spring | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.29-3.06 | 1.54-2.07 | 1.53-2.21 | 1.35-1.97 | 1.48-1.83 | 1.46-1.99 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.75-0.96 | 0.53-0.68 | 0.53-0.77 | 0.54-0.72 | 0.50-0.69 | 0.47-0.63 | |
夏季 Summer | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.37-3.16 | 1.63-2.29 | 1.66-2.30 | 1.48-2.09 | 1.59-1.97 | 1.60-2.07 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.78-0.99 | 0.56-0.73 | 0.60-0.77 | 0.58-0.71 | 0.60-0.72 | 0.57-0.69 | |
秋季 Autumn | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.31-3.12 | 1.60-2.24 | 1.61-2.26 | 1.45-2.05 | 1.50-1.95 | 1.56-2.03 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.80-1.01 | 0.55-0.69 | 0.59-0.78 | 0.56-0.73 | 0.59-0.75 | 0.60-0.72 | |
冬季 Winter | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.14-2.98 | 1.47-1.95 | 1.42-2.03 | 1.28-1.85 | 1.34-1.76 | 1.32-1.81 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.69-0.91 | 0.49-0.65 | 0.46-0.66 | 0.45-0.62 | 0.44-0.55 | 0.44-0.61 |
表3 崇明东滩潮间带潮沟采样站位水深(m)
Table 3 Water depth of sampling stations in tidal creeks of Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat
季节 Season | 潮汐 Tide | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
春季 Spring | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.29-3.06 | 1.54-2.07 | 1.53-2.21 | 1.35-1.97 | 1.48-1.83 | 1.46-1.99 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.75-0.96 | 0.53-0.68 | 0.53-0.77 | 0.54-0.72 | 0.50-0.69 | 0.47-0.63 | |
夏季 Summer | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.37-3.16 | 1.63-2.29 | 1.66-2.30 | 1.48-2.09 | 1.59-1.97 | 1.60-2.07 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.78-0.99 | 0.56-0.73 | 0.60-0.77 | 0.58-0.71 | 0.60-0.72 | 0.57-0.69 | |
秋季 Autumn | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.31-3.12 | 1.60-2.24 | 1.61-2.26 | 1.45-2.05 | 1.50-1.95 | 1.56-2.03 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.80-1.01 | 0.55-0.69 | 0.59-0.78 | 0.56-0.73 | 0.59-0.75 | 0.60-0.72 | |
冬季 Winter | 涨潮 Flood tide | 2.14-2.98 | 1.47-1.95 | 1.42-2.03 | 1.28-1.85 | 1.34-1.76 | 1.32-1.81 |
落潮 Ebb tide | 0.69-0.91 | 0.49-0.65 | 0.46-0.66 | 0.45-0.62 | 0.44-0.55 | 0.44-0.61 |
图4 崇明东滩潮间带潮沟表层盐度、温度的时空变化。A: 表层盐度; B: 表层温度。
Fig. 4 Spatial and temporal variations in surface temperature (℃) and salinity in tidal creeks of Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat. A, Surface salinity; B, Surface temperature.
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