一种非传粉榕小蜂的繁殖策略及其对榕—蜂互利共生系统的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08341

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 168-173. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08341

所属专题：传粉生物学；昆虫多样性与生态功能

一种非传粉榕小蜂的繁殖策略及其对榕—蜂互利共生系统的影响

王振吉¹^,², 张凤萍¹^,², 彭艳琼¹, 杨大荣¹^,^*()

1 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 昆明 650223
2 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2008-12-22 接受日期:2009-02-18 出版日期:2009-03-20 发布日期:2009-03-20
通讯作者: 杨大荣
作者简介:* E-mail: yangdr@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程青年人才领域前沿项目(08LY051K01);国家自然科学基金(30571507);国家自然科学基金(30670358)

Reproductive strategy and impact on the fig-pollinator mutualism of one non-pollinating fig wasp species

Zhenji Wang¹^,², Fengping Zhang¹^,², Yanqiong Peng¹, Darong Yang¹^,^*()

1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223
2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2008-12-22 Accepted:2009-02-18 Online:2009-03-20 Published:2009-03-20
Contact: Darong Yang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解非传粉榕小蜂与榕树—传粉榕小蜂互利共生系统的作用方式和作用强度, 从而揭示它们长期稳定共存的原因, 作者于2008年在西双版纳热带植物园研究了钝叶榕(Ficus curtipes)非传粉榕小蜂Walkerella sp.与榕—蜂互利共生系统的相互关系。我们野外直接观察Walkerella sp.的产卵繁殖行为, 并对Walkerella sp.和传粉榕小蜂进行控制放蜂实验。实验包括4类处理榕果: 传粉榕小蜂单种放蜂果, Walkerella sp.单种放蜂果, Walkerella sp.与传粉榕小蜂混合放蜂果, 自然果。结果表明, Walkerella sp.在榕果外产卵, 并且可以将卵产在多个榕果上。单因素方差分析结果表明: 混合放蜂果和自然果内传粉榕小蜂后代数量差异不大(P = 0.46), 但都显著低于传粉榕小蜂单种放蜂果(P < 0.01); 在传粉榕小蜂单种放蜂果以及混合放蜂果内种子数量不存在显著差异(P = 0.33), 但都显著高于自然果(P < 0.01)。自然果内Walkerella sp.后代数量与传粉榕小蜂数量呈显著的相关关系, 而在混合放蜂果内两者呈低度负相关。Walkerella sp.与种子数量在自然果和混合放蜂果都不存在显著的相关关系。单因素方差分析结果表明, Walkerella sp.单种放蜂果、混合放蜂果及自然果中Walkerella sp.数量不存在显著差异(P < 0.01)。对自然果内所有种类小蜂的相关分析表明: Walkerella sp.与其他非传粉榕小蜂都不存在显著的相关关系, 这说明不存在寄居或复寄生的非传粉榕小蜂种类控制Walkerella sp.的数量。而Walkerella sp.之所以没有完全利用榕果内的小花资源繁殖后代, 是由于产卵量有限和后代必须依靠传粉榕小蜂雄虫打开苞片口才能离开榕果, 必须给传粉小蜂留下一些繁殖资源。

关键词: 互利共生, Ficus curtipes, 榕小蜂, 繁殖策略, Walkerella sp.

Abstract

In order to understand the nature and intensity of interactions between non-pollinating fig wasps and fig-pollinator mutualist wasps, and consequently shed light on why they coexist, we studied interactions between Walkerella sp. and the Ficus curtipes fig-pollinator mutualism in Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden in 2008. The reproductive behaviour of Walkerella sp. was studied by means of observation, and a controlled experiment was applied to study interspecies relationships. Figs only with pollinator, figs only with Walkerella sp., figs with both pollinator and Walkerella sp. and natural figs were compared in this research. Walkerella sp. was observed ovipositing on the outside of the fig. One Walkerella sp. can oviposit on many figs. ANOVA showed that the number of pollinator in figs with both pollinator and Walkerella sp. is significantly lower than that in figs only with pollinator (P < 0.01), while the number of seed did not differ between figs with only pollinators and figs with both Walkerella sp. and pollinator (P = 0.33). The number of Walkerella sp. did not differ among figs with only Walkerella sp., figs with both pollinator and Walkerella sp. and natural figs. Our results support the hypothesis that Walkerella sp. affects pollinator number, but not seed number and there is no inquiline or parasitoid affecting the number of Walkerella sp. The requirement of male pollinators to dig a hole in the fig wall may limit the number of Walkerella sp. eggs in the figs.

Key words: mutualism, Ficus curtipes, fig wasp, reproductive strategy, Walkerella sp.

王振吉, 张凤萍, 彭艳琼, 杨大荣 (2009) 一种非传粉榕小蜂的繁殖策略及其对榕—蜂互利共生系统的影响. 生物多样性, 17, 168-173. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08341.

Zhenji Wang, Fengping Zhang, Yanqiong Peng, Darong Yang (2009) Reproductive strategy and impact on the fig-pollinator mutualism of one non-pollinating fig wasp species. Biodiversity Science, 17, 168-173. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08341.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08341

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I2/168

图/表 3

图1 不同处理榕果内传粉榕小蜂后代和种子数量的比较 (相同的字母表示差异不显著, 不同的字母表示差异显著, 平均值±标准误)。Ⅰ: 仅放传粉榕小蜂; Ⅲ: 传粉榕小蜂 + Walkerella sp.; Ⅳ: 自然果。

Fig. 1 Comparison of pollinator offspring and seed number of different treatments. Different letters indicate significant difference at P = 0.05 level, mean ± S.E. Ⅰ, Pollinator only; Ⅲ, Pollinator + Walkerella sp.; Ⅳ, Natural fig.

图2 不同处理榕果内Walkerella sp.后代数量比较 (相同的字母表示差异不显著, 不同的字母表示差异显著, 平均值±标准误)。II: 仅放非传粉榕小蜂; III: 传粉榕小蜂 + Walkerella sp.; IV: 自然果。

Fig. 2 Comparison of Walkerella sp. offspring number of different treatments. Different letters indicate significant difference at P=0.05 level, mean ± S.E. II, Nonpollinator only; III, Pollinator + Walkerella sp.; IV, Natural fig.

表1 钝叶榕自然果内Walkerella sp.与其他种类小蜂的相关关系

Table 1 The correlation between Walkerella sp. and other fig wasps in natural figs

小蜂种类 Fig wasps	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P
Walkerella sp. vs Eupristina sp.	-0.566***	0.001
Walkerella sp. vs Sycobia sp.	0.022^ns	0.455
Walkerella sp. vs Lipothymus sp.	-0.160^ns	0.208
Walkerella sp. vs Ficomila sp.	0.202^ns	0.127
Walkerella sp. vs Diaziella yangi	-0.325*	0.046
Walkerella sp. vs Philotrypesis sp.	-0.144^ns	0.232

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一种非传粉榕小蜂的繁殖策略及其对榕—蜂互利共生系统的影响

Reproductive strategy and impact on the fig-pollinator mutualism of one non-pollinating fig wasp species

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