大兴安岭针阔混交林树种组成和多样性对地上碳储量的影响机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2026260

生物多样性

大兴安岭针阔混交林树种组成和多样性对地上碳储量的影响机制

王继承¹, 白杨², 顾义明², 宝牡丹³, 张春雨¹, 赵秀海¹, 郝珉辉^1*

1.北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心, 北京 100083 2.兴安盟林业科学研究所, 内蒙古乌兰浩特 137400 3.兴安职业技术大学, 内蒙古乌兰浩特 137400

收稿日期:2026-06-29 修回日期:2026-08-14 接受日期:2026-09-10
通讯作者: 郝珉辉

Impact of tree composition and diversity on aboveground carbon storage in mixed conifer-broadleaf forests of the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China

Jichen Wang¹, Yang Bai², Yiming Gu², Mudan Bao³, Chunyu Zhang¹, Xiuhai Zhao¹, Minhui Hao1^*

1. Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

2. Xing’an League Institute of Forestry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China

3. Xing’an Polytechnic University, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China

Received:2026-06-29 Revised:2026-08-14 Accepted:2026-09-10
Contact: Minhui Hao

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在“双碳”战略背景下, 阐明生物多样性对森林碳汇功能的影响机制, 是科学评估森林碳汇潜力、提升森林固碳能力的重要理论基础。然而, 在寒温带针阔混交林中, 物种组成、物种多样性和林分结构对森林碳汇功能的相对贡献及其作用机制仍缺乏系统认识。本研究以大兴安岭南麓寒温带针阔混交林为对象, 基于样地调查数据, 以地上碳储量表征森林碳汇功能, 采用物种丰富度量化物种多样性以验证生态位互补效应, 采用主坐标分析量化物种组成以验证生物量比率效应, 同时结合林龄、林分密度、胸径变异系数、土壤养分及海拔等因子, 通过广义最小二乘模型和分段结构方程模型系统解析森林地上碳储量的影响机制。结果表明: (1)物种组成和林分密度是影响寒温带针阔混交林地上碳储量的关键生物因子, 其中物种组成表现出最强的促进作用, 在一定程度上契合了生物量比率效应假说; (2)物种丰富度对地上碳储量具有一定的正向作用, 但贡献低于物种组成, 表明生态位互补效应在寒温带森林中的作用相对有限; (3)林龄对地上碳储量不存在显著直接作用, 而是通过影响林分密度以及优势树种更替等途径间接调控森林地上碳储量的形成。本研究基于物种组成、物种多样性以及林分结构等多个维度, 系统揭示了大兴安岭寒温带针阔混交林地上碳储量的影响机制, 研究结果可为科学评估寒温带森林碳汇潜力、制定可持续的森林管理策略提供理论依据。

关键词: 生物多样性, 物种组成, 结构多样性, 地上碳储量, 针阔混交林

Abstract

Aims: Understanding how biodiversity regulates forest carbon sequestration is essential for accurately assessing forest carbon sink potential and enhancing forest carbon storage in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. However, the relative contributions of species composition, species diversity, and stand structure to forest carbon storage remain poorly understood in cold-temperate mixed forests.

Methods: Using permanent plots established in the southern Greater Khingan Mountains of Northeast China, we quantified aboveground carbon storage (AGCS) as an indicator of forest carbon sink function. Species richness was used to represent biodiversity and test the niche complementarity hypothesis, whereas species composition was quantified using principal coordinates analysis to evaluate the biomass ratio hypothesis. Stand age, stand density, coefficient of variation of DBH, soil nutrients, and elevation were also incorporated into the analyses. Generalized least squares (GLS) models and piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM) were applied to identify the key drivers and underlying pathways regulating AGCS.

Results: (1) Species composition and stand density were the dominant biotic drivers of AGCS, with species composition exhibiting the strongest positive effect, partially supporting the biomass ratio hypothesis by highlighting the significant contribution of dominant species. (2) Species richness also had a positive effect on AGCS, but its contribution was substantially weaker than that of species composition, indicating a relatively limited role of niche complementarity in cold-temperate forests. (3) Stand age had no direct effect on AGCS but indirectly influenced AGCS by regulating stand density and species dominance.

Conclusions: These findings reveal the mechanisms underlying forest AGCS from the perspectives of species composition, biodiversity, and stand structure, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating carbon sink potential and developing sustainable forest management strategies in cold-temperate forests.

Key words: biodiversity, species composition, structural diversity, aboveground carbon storage, conifer-broadleaf mixed forests

王继承, 白杨, 顾义明, 宝牡丹, 张春雨, 赵秀海, 郝珉辉. 大兴安岭针阔混交林树种组成和多样性对地上碳储量的影响机制. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026260.

Jichen Wang, Yang Bai, Yiming Gu, Mudan Bao, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Minhui Hao. Impact of tree composition and diversity on aboveground carbon storage in mixed conifer-broadleaf forests of the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026260.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026260

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