警惕物种致危和生物入侵的风险: 我国主要电商平台的甲虫贸易调查

doi:10.17520/biods.2022541

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 22541. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022541

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

警惕物种致危和生物入侵的风险: 我国主要电商平台的甲虫贸易调查

魏辰¹, 佟一杰²^,⁴, 曾岩³^,⁴, 白明²^,³^,⁴, 万霞¹^,^*()

1.安徽大学资源与环境工程学院生态学系, 合肥 230601
2.中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室, 北京 100101
3.中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会, 北京 100101
4.中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2022-09-20 接受日期:2022-11-14 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-03-22
通讯作者: * E-mail: wanxia@ahu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31872276);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2601200)

Vigilance towards species endangerment and biological invasion risks: Investigating beetle trade on Chinese e-commerce platforms

Chen Wei¹, Yijie Tong²^,⁴, Yan Zeng³^,⁴, Ming Bai²^,³^,⁴, Xia Wan¹^,^*()

1. Department of Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601
2. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3. Endangered Species Scientific Commission, People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100101
4. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received:2022-09-20 Accepted:2022-11-14 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-03-22
Contact: * E-mail: wanxia@ahu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲虫作为物种多样性最丰富的动物类群之一, 在农林生产、生物多样性保护中的科学价值受到长期关注, 但其作为宠物、收藏品的商业价值与贸易情况却鲜有研究。我国的相关工作也非常缺乏, 对当前通过电商平台进行的甲虫贸易尤其缺少了解。本文首次对国内主要电商平台两年内(2018年10月至2020年10月)的甲虫贸易进行了调查。结果发现: 贸易名单涉及的甲虫有486种, 隶属于24科234属, 总交易额达到189,407,277元。贸易形式主要为标本和活体两类。标本贸易涉及到13科175属355种。活体贸易涉及到21科98属157种, 含入侵物种4科6属6种, 农林害虫11科15属15种。两类贸易均涉及到受保护物种, 其中, 有4科5属5种入列《国家重点保护野生动物名录》, 1科1属1种入列CITES附录II, 5科10属11种入列《国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物名录》。电商平台为甲虫贸易提供丰富、及时、准确的信息, 常使卖方为获得最大利润而对受保护物种过度采集, 令其面临致危或灭绝风险。电商平台开放性和全球性的特点, 使得非本土物种的活体贸易更加高效、经济、可行, 导致了生物入侵、农林虫害、病原生物传播和本土物种遗传特征丧失的风险显著提高。本文也对我国电商平台甲虫贸易的监管提出了相关建议。

关键词: 甲虫贸易, 电商平台, 物种保护, 监管建议

Abstract

Aims: Beetles are one of the most diverse and species-rich groups of animals. Many of them have commercial values as collections or pets except for their important roles in scientific research. There is, however, little knowledge about the beetles’ trade in popular Chinese via the popular e-commerce platforms.

Methods: We investigated the trade form and quantity of beetle deals through the platforms in two years (October 2018-October 2020) in this study.

Results: The results showed that the dominant forms for beetle trades were specimens and living bodies dealing. There were 486 species belonging to 234 genera in 24 families on the online categories, with a total transaction amount of about 189,407,277 RMB. Among of them, 13 families and 175 genera, including 355 species were involved in the specimen deal. Living beetle transactions covered 157 species belonging to 98 genera within 21 families, in which included 6 invasive species in 6 genera of 4 families and 15 agricultural and forestry pests in 15 genera of 11 families. Besides, 7 species belonging to 5 genera, 4 families were on the “The list of National Key Protected Wild Animals in China”; one species was on the “List of CITES Appendix II”; 15 species within 10 genera, 5 families were included in the “The List of National Protected Terrestrial Wild Animals with Benefits or Important Economic and Scientific Values in China”.

Conclusion: The trade of living beetles, especially from overseas, could bring out the biological invasion, pest damage and pathogen transmission, or highly increase the risk of losing genetic diversity for endemic species, even cause the local species extinction. As a summary, our suggestions are presented on supervising the beetle trade through the e-commerce platforms.

Key words: beetle trade, e-commerce platforms, species protection, management measures

魏辰, 佟一杰, 曾岩, 白明, 万霞 (2023) 警惕物种致危和生物入侵的风险: 我国主要电商平台的甲虫贸易调查. 生物多样性, 31, 22541. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022541.

Chen Wei, Yijie Tong, Yan Zeng, Ming Bai, Xia Wan (2023) Vigilance towards species endangerment and biological invasion risks: Investigating beetle trade on Chinese e-commerce platforms. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22541. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022541.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022541

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I6/22541

图/表 5

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	2018.10-2019.10	2019.10-2020.10	总计 Total
支付人数 No. of payers	346,619	467,339	813,958
搜索人数 No. of searchers	5,694,901	6,106,444	11,801,345
搜索次数 No. of searches	15,949,682	24,335,085	40,284,767
浏览次数 No. of views	74,030,840	103,756,180	177,787,020

	2018.10-2019.10	2019.10-2020.10	总计 Total
支付人数 No. of payers	346,619	467,339	813,958
搜索人数 No. of searchers	5,694,901	6,106,444	11,801,345
搜索次数 No. of searches	15,949,682	24,335,085	40,284,767
浏览次数 No. of views	74,030,840	103,756,180	177,787,020

物种学名 Scientific name	中文名 Chinese name	保护名录 List name	贸易数量 Trade number	贸易额(元) Trade volumes (Yuan)
Dorcus antaeus	安达刀锹甲	国家二级 National level II	8	647
Lucanus hermani*	巨叉(深山)锹甲	国家二级 National level II	1	80
Lucanus planeti*	普叉(深山)锹甲	三有 National values list	10	1,190
Odontolabis sinensis	中华奥锹甲	三有 National values list	4	295
Chrysochroa vittata	红绿金吉丁	三有 National values list	2	129
Sternocera aequisignata	绿点椭圆吉丁	三有 National values list	3	47.90
Trypoxylus dichotomus	双叉犀金龟	三有 National values list	7	9,278
Allomyrina pfeifferi	云顶犀金龟	三有 National values list	4	330
Dynastes satanas	撒旦犀金龟	公约附录 CITES II	2	1,819
Eupatorus gracilicornis	细角尤犀金龟	国家二级 National level II	11	2,543
Oryctes gnu	葛蛀犀金龟	三有 National values list	1	235
Heliocopris bucephalus	牛头巨蜣螂	国家二级 National level II	1	65
Cheirotonus gestroi gestroi	格彩臂金龟	国家二级 National level II	1	349
Campsosternus auratus	丽叩甲	三有 National values list	4	174
Campsosternus gemma	朱肩丽叩甲	三有 National values list	2	24
Cryptalaus larvatus	眼纹斑叩甲	三有 National values list	1	9
Cryptalaus sordidus	豹纹斑叩甲	三有 National values list	2	24

物种学名 Scientific name	中文名 Chinese name	保护名录 List name	贸易数量 Trade number	贸易额(元) Trade volumes (Yuan)
Dorcus antaeus	安达刀锹甲	国家二级 National level II	8	647
Lucanus hermani*	巨叉(深山)锹甲	国家二级 National level II	1	80
Lucanus planeti*	普叉(深山)锹甲	三有 National values list	10	1,190
Odontolabis sinensis	中华奥锹甲	三有 National values list	4	295
Chrysochroa vittata	红绿金吉丁	三有 National values list	2	129
Sternocera aequisignata	绿点椭圆吉丁	三有 National values list	3	47.90
Trypoxylus dichotomus	双叉犀金龟	三有 National values list	7	9,278
Allomyrina pfeifferi	云顶犀金龟	三有 National values list	4	330
Dynastes satanas	撒旦犀金龟	公约附录 CITES II	2	1,819
Eupatorus gracilicornis	细角尤犀金龟	国家二级 National level II	11	2,543
Oryctes gnu	葛蛀犀金龟	三有 National values list	1	235
Heliocopris bucephalus	牛头巨蜣螂	国家二级 National level II	1	65
Cheirotonus gestroi gestroi	格彩臂金龟	国家二级 National level II	1	349
Campsosternus auratus	丽叩甲	三有 National values list	4	174
Campsosternus gemma	朱肩丽叩甲	三有 National values list	2	24
Cryptalaus larvatus	眼纹斑叩甲	三有 National values list	1	9
Cryptalaus sordidus	豹纹斑叩甲	三有 National values list	2	24

物种学名 Scientific name	中文商品名 Chinese trade name	主要寄主植物 Major host plant
Xylotrechus rusticus	脊虎天牛	杨属、柳属、桦木属、山毛榉属、榆属等 Populus, Salix, Betula, Fagus, Ulmus, etc.
Trichodes sinae	红斑郭公虫	胡萝卜、萝卜、蚕豆 Daucus carota sativa, Raphanus sativus, Vicia faba
Aulacophora lewisi	黑守瓜	蛇瓜、苦瓜、丝瓜、豌豆、芹菜等 Trichosanthes anguina, Momordica charantia, Luffa aegyptiaca, Pisum sativum, Apium graveolens, etc.
Phyllotreta striolata	黄曲条菜跳甲	十字花科、葫芦科、甜菜 Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Beta vulgaris
Sagra femorata purpurea	紫茎甲	菜豆、豇豆、长豇豆、刀豆、薯蓣 Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, V. unguiculata sesquipedalis, Canavalia gladiata, Dioscorea polystachya
Epicauta ruficeps	红头豆芫菁	菜豆、茄子、辣椒、甜椒、苋菜等 Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum melongena, Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, Amaranthus tricolor, etc.
Epilachna vigintioctopunctata	二十八星瓢虫	马铃薯、茄子、番茄、辣椒、甜椒等 Solanum tuberosum, Solanum melongena, S. lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, etc.
Taiwania circumdata	甘薯小龟甲	甘薯、蕹菜、旋花科 Dioscorea esculenta, Ipomoea aquatica, Convolvulaceae
Trypoxylus dichotomus	双叉犀金龟	核桃、桃、杏、李、柿、梨等 Juglans regia, Prunus persica, P. armeniaca, P. salicina, Diospyros kaki, Pyrus spp., etc.
Xylotrupes gideon	橡胶木犀金龟	马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum
Protaetia brevitarsis	白星花金龟	玉米、高粱、大麻、甜瓜、苹果、梨等 Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Cannabis sativa, Cucumis melo, Malus pumila, Pyrus spp., etc.
Anomala corpulenta	铜绿异丽金龟	豇豆、马铃薯、芋头、甜菜等 Vigna unguiculata, Solanum tuberosum, Colocasia esculenta, Beta vulgaris, etc.
Popillia mutans	无斑弧丽金龟	大豆 Glycine max
Bruchus pisorum	豌豆象	菜豆、扁豆、豌豆、香豌豆、蚕豆 Phaseolus vulgaris, Lablab purpureus, Pisum sativum, Lathyrus odoratus, Vicia faba
Callosobruchus maculatus	四纹豆象	甜菜、豇豆、豌豆、扁豆、辣椒、甜椒等 Beta vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Pisum sativum, Lablab purpureus, Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, etc.

警惕物种致危和生物入侵的风险: 我国主要电商平台的甲虫贸易调查

Vigilance towards species endangerment and biological invasion risks: Investigating beetle trade on Chinese e-commerce platforms

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