蚯蚓在我国南方土壤修复中的应用

doi:10.17520/biods.2018151

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1091-1102. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018151

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

蚯蚓在我国南方土壤修复中的应用

张池¹, 周波², 吴家龙¹, 吕美蓉³, 陈旭飞¹, 袁中友¹, 肖玲¹, 戴军^1,^*()

1 (华南农业大学资源环境学院, 农业部华南耕地保育重点实验室, 广东省土地利用与整治重点实验室, 广州 510642)
2 (广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所, 广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室, 广州 510640)
3 (齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院), 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所, 山东青岛 260000);

收稿日期:2018-05-25 接受日期:2018-09-19 出版日期:2018-10-20 发布日期:2019-01-06
通讯作者: 戴军
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41201305)和国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0201301、2016YFD0201200)

Application of earthworms on soil remediation in southern China

Chi Zhang¹, Bo Zhou², Jialong Wu¹, Meirong Lv³, Xufei Chen¹, Zhongyou Yuan¹, Ling Xiao¹, Jun Dai^1,^*()

1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture of P. R. China, Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642
2 Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640
3 Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qingdao, Shandong, 260000

Received:2018-05-25 Accepted:2018-09-19 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2019-01-06
Contact: Dai Jun
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蚯蚓作为生物量最大的土壤动物, 对土壤生态系统和环境质量影响深远。本研究介绍了华南地区主要应用的皮质远盲蚓(Amynthas corticis)、毛利远盲蚓(A. morrisi)、壮伟远盲蚓(A. robustus)、参状远盲蚓(A. aspergillum)、南美岸蚓(Pontoscolex corethrurus)和赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的生态特征, 阐述了它们与土壤pH值、酶活性、金属富集和有效性改变、孔道和微团聚体形成之间的紧密关系: (1)蚯蚓生存的土壤酸碱性范围较广(pH为3.8-7.9), 其存活率与土壤类型、有机质含量和成分、土壤污染程度和蚯蚓种类相关; (2)肠道内、蚓粪和蚓触圈的酶活性分别表征了蚯蚓取食喜好、土壤养分循环及微生物种群特征; (3)蚯蚓能够富集不同种类的金属并改变其有效性, 这些变化具有蚓种间、金属种类间和土壤类型之间的差异; (4)蚯蚓活动及其生产的蚓粪能改变土体结构、产生孔道、影响土壤团聚体数量、大小和分布。蚯蚓的上述作用使其在解决中国南方红壤酸化、土壤金属污染、茶园土壤养分不平衡、高速公路建设临时用地土壤损毁等方面具有广阔的应用前景。目前, 由于华南远盲蚓的生理特征差异研究较少, 远盲蚓繁育技术的缺乏一定程度上限制了这些蚯蚓在中型和大型尺度下应用技术的研究和推广。有必要进一步挖掘蚯蚓在土壤修复中的潜力, 进行蚯蚓主导的相关技术研发, 深入探讨其影响机制。

关键词: 蚯蚓, 华南, 土壤, 应用研究, 生态环境

Abstract

A key soil invertebrate, earthworms significantly affect soil quality and the broader ecosystem. In this paper, we review the ecological characteristics of earthworm species Amynthas corticis, A. morrisi, A. robustus, A. aspergillum, Pontoscolex corethrurus and Eisenia fetida in southern China and their effects on soil pH, enzyme activity, metal accumulation and availability, the formation of soil pores and micro-aggregates, and the decomposition of organic waste. In sum: (1) Earthworms in southern China can survive in soil with a wide range of pH (3.8-7.9), and their survival rates are related to soil type, organic matter content, soil contamination level and earthworm species; (2) Enzyme activity in earthworm guts, castings and drilosphere indicate the appetite of different earthworm species, the process of soil nutrient cycling and soil microbial characteristics, respectively; (3) Earthworms are capable of accumulating different metals and altering their availability, but this capability varies depending on earthworm species, element and soil type; (4) Earthworm activity and cast production can change soil structure, increase the amount of soil pores and affect the size, amount and distribution of soil aggregates. Moreover, we highlight the potential application of earthworms toward resolving the acidification of red soil, nutrient imbalance in tea gardens, soil metal contamination, the compaction and destruction of soil during expressway construction, and the utilization of agricultural and urban organic waste. At present, due to insufficient investigations into the physiological characteristics of earthworms and a lack of Amynthas sp. breeding technology, earthworm applications are scarcely conducted at medium and large scales. Hence the promotion of earthworm technology is especially limited in southern China. It will be necessary to explore the potential of earthworms in soil restoration further and to analyze the mechanisms earthworms employ during soil construction and management in order to develop technologies to perform the functions currently occupied by earthworms.

Key words: earthworm, South China, soil, application, ecology and environment

张池, 周波, 吴家龙, 吕美蓉, 陈旭飞, 袁中友, 肖玲, 戴军 (2018) 蚯蚓在我国南方土壤修复中的应用. 生物多样性, 26, 1091-1102. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018151.

Chi Zhang, Bo Zhou, Jialong Wu, Meirong Lv, Xufei Chen, Zhongyou Yuan, Ling Xiao, Jun Dai (2018) Application of earthworms on soil remediation in southern China. Biodiversity Science, 26, 1091-1102. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018151.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018151

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I10/1091

图/表 2

图1 特征菌进入蚯蚓肠道的可能途径及其对金属迁移和转化过程的影响

Fig. 1 The possible pathway of microorganisms entering the earthworm gut and their effects on metal movement and transformation

图2 蚯蚓取食进程(虚线框内代表有机物进入蚯蚓肠道内进程; 实线框内代表蚓触圈)

Fig. 2 Earthworm digestion processes. Dotted lines refer to earthworm gut associated processes, and solid lines extend to the earthworm drilosphere.

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蚯蚓在我国南方土壤修复中的应用

Application of earthworms on soil remediation in southern China

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