论传统知识的概念与保护

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08256

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 135-142. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08256 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2009.08256

论传统知识的概念与保护

薛达元¹^,²^,^*(), 郭泺¹

1 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
2 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042

收稿日期:2008-10-07 接受日期:2009-02-19 出版日期:2009-03-20 发布日期:2009-03-20
通讯作者: 薛达元
作者简介:* E-mail: xuedayuan@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAC03A08);高等学校学科创新引智计划(2008-B08044)

On concepts and protection of traditional knowledge

Dayuan Xue¹^,²^,^*(), Luo Guo¹

1 College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081
2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042

Received:2008-10-07 Accepted:2009-02-19 Online:2009-03-20 Published:2009-03-20
Contact: Dayuan Xue

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 传统知识受到国际国内的广泛关注, 特别是与生物资源相关的传统知识保护问题在《生物多样性公约》等国际论坛已成为焦点议题。然而, 传统知识尚没有统一的定义。本文在分析相关国际公约有关传统知识的概念的基础上, 结合作者过去几年在中国民族地区的相关研究工作, 提出与生物资源保护与持续利用相关的传统知识可分为以下5类: (1)传统利用农业生物及遗传资源的知识; (2)传统利用药用生物资源的知识; (3)生物资源利用的传统技术创新与传统生产生活方式; (4)与生物资源保护与利用相关的传统文化与习惯法; (5)传统地理标志产品。本文还针对目前传统知识保护中存在的问题, 探讨了开展传统知识调查、整理、编目、继承、发展、保护和推广应用的各项措施, 并提出建立国家法规制度, 以确保公平公正地与地方社区和土著居民分享因利用传统知识而产生的惠益。

关键词: 传统知识, 生物资源, 概念, 生物多样性, 知识产权, 惠益分享

Abstract

Recently, traditional knowledge (TK) has attracted increasing attention both domestically and internationally, especially the TK associated with conservation and sustainable use of biological resources; this topic has been included in the Convention on Biological Diversity and other international forums. However, no internationally-recognized definition of traditional knowledge exists. Based on analysis of TK concepts in relevant international conventions and instruments, combined with our current research in ethnic areas of China, we propose the following categories for TK associated with biological resources: (1) use of agricultural species and genetic resources; (2) use of medicinal species; (3) technical innovations for use of biological resources and traditional farming and lifestyle practices; (4) traditional cultures and customary laws related to conservation and sustainable use of biological resources; and (5) traditional local marker products. We present suggestions for how to investigate and document TK in order to foster the transfer, development, protection, and popularization of TK. These suggestions will also help to fairly share the benefits produced from the use of TK with indigenous people and local communities.

Key words: traditional knowledge, biological resources, concept, biodiversity, intellectual property, benefit sharing

薛达元, 郭泺 (2009) 论传统知识的概念与保护. 生物多样性, 17, 135-142. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08256.

Dayuan Xue, Luo Guo (2009) On concepts and protection of traditional knowledge. Biodiversity Science, 17, 135-142. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08256.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08256

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I2/135

参考文献 18

[1]	Carrizosa S, Brush SB, Wright BD, McGuire PE (translated by Xue DY (薛达元), Qin TB (秦天宝)) (2004) Accessing Biodiversity and Sharing the Benefits: Lessons from Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity (生物多样性获取与惠益分享——履行《生物多样性公约》的经验). China Environmental Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[2]	Cetinkaya G (2009) Challenges for the maintenance of traditional knowledge in the satoyama ecosystems, Noto Peninsula, Japan. Human Ecology Review, 16, 27-40.
[3]	Damodaran A (2008) Traditional knowledge, intellectual property rights and biodiversity conservation: critical issues and key challenges. Journal of Intellectual Property, 13, 509-513.
[4]	Memory EL (2007) Evolving concepts related to achieving benefit sharing for custodians of traditional knowledge. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 4, 443-468.
[5]	Mugabe J, Kameri-Mbote P, Mutta D (2001) Traditional knowledge, genetic resources and intellectual property protection: towards a new international regime. International Environmental Law Research Center, Geneva, Switzerland http://www.ielrc.org/content/w0105.pdf()
[6]	Newing H (2005) A summary of case study findings on the implementation of international commitments on traditional forest related knowledge (TFRK). In: Our Knowledge for Our Survival: Regional Case Studies on Traditional Forest Related Knowledge and the Implementation of Related International Commitments. International Alliance of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Tropical Forests.
[7]	Schüklenk U, Kleinsmidt A (2006) North-south benefit sharing arrangements in bioprospecting and genetic research: a critical ethical and legal analysis. Developing World Bioethics, 6, 122-134. DOI URL PMID
[8]	Siebenhuner B, Dedeurwaerdere T, Brousseau E (2005) Introduction and overview to the special issue on biodiversity conservation, access and benefit-sharing and traditional knowledge. Ecological Economics, 53, 439-444.
[9]	Soejarto DD, Fong HHS, Tan GT (2005) Ethnobotany/ethnopharmacology and mass bioprospecting: issues on intellectual property and benefit-sharing. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100, 12-22.
[10]	Swiderska K (2006) Banishing the biopirates: a new approach to protecting traditional knowledge. Gatekeeper Series No 129, International Institute for Environment and Development, Environmental Economics Programme, London.
[11]	Venkataraman K, Swarna SL (2008) Intellectual property rights, traditional knowledge and biodiversity of India. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 13, 326-335.
[12]	Xue DY (薛达元) (2007) Access and benefit sharing of genetic resources: background, progress and challenges. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 15, 563-568. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Xue DY (薛达元) (ed.) (2005) Status Quo and Protection of Bio-genetic Resources in China (中国生物遗传资源现状与保护). China Environmental Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[14]	Xue DY (薛达元), Cai L (蔡蕾) (2006) New hotspot of the Convention on Biological Diversity: traditional knowledge protection. Environmental Protection (环境保护), (12B), 72-74. (in Chinese)
[15]	Xue DY (薛达元), Lin YM (林燕梅) (2005) Property right theory on bio-genetic resources and benefit sharing system. In: Patent Law Research (专利法研究) (ed. State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R.China (国家知识产权局)), pp. 31-57. Intellectual Property Right Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[16]	Xue DY (薛达元), Cai L (蔡蕾) (2007) Negotiation progress for the international regime on access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources, Environmental Protection (环境保护), (11B), 72-74. (in Chinese)
[17]	Zhao FW (赵富伟), Xue DY (薛达元) (2008) International trends of and state legislation on access and benefit sharing of genetic resources. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment (生态与农村环境学报), 24(2), 92-96. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Zhu XZ (朱雪忠) (2004) Preliminary study on the legal protection for traditional knowledge. Journal of Huazhong Normal University (Social Science Edition) (华中师范大学学报(社会科学版)), 43, 31-40. (in Chinese with English abstract)

论传统知识的概念与保护

On concepts and protection of traditional knowledge

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 18

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	干靓刘巷序鲁雪茗岳星. 全球生物多样性热点地区大城市的保护政策与优化方向[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24529-.
[2]	曾子轩杨锐黄越陈路遥. 清华大学校园鸟类多样性特征与环境关联[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24373-.
[3]	臧明月, 刘立, 马月, 徐徐, 胡飞龙, 卢晓强, 李佳琦, 于赐刚, 刘燕. 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的中国城市生物多样性保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24482-.
[4]	祝晓雨, 王晨灏, 王忠君, 张玉钧. 城市绿地生物多样性研究进展与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 25027-.
[5]	袁琳, 王思琦, 侯静轩. 大都市地区的自然留野：趋势与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24481-.
[6]	胡敏, 李彬彬, Coraline Goron. 只绿是不够的: 一个生物多样性友好的城市公园管理框架[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24483-.
[7]	王欣, 鲍风宇. 基于鸟类多样性提升的南滇池国家湿地公园生态修复效果分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24531-.
[8]	明玥, 郝培尧, 谭铃千, 郑曦. 基于城市绿色高质量发展理念的中国城市生物多样性保护与提升研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24524-.
[9]	谢淦, 宣晶, 付其迪, 魏泽, 薛凯, 雒海瑞, 高吉喜, 李敏. 草地植物多样性无人机调查的物种智能识别模型构建[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24236-.
[10]	褚晓琳, 张全国. 演化速率假说的实验验证研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 25019-.
[11]	宋威, 程才, 王嘉伟, 吴纪华. 土壤微生物对植物多样性–生态系统功能关系的调控作用[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24579-.
[12]	卢晓强, 董姗姗, 马月, 徐徐, 邱凤, 臧明月, 万雅琼, 李孪鑫, 于赐刚, 刘燕. 前沿技术在生物多样性研究中的应用现状、挑战与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24440-.
[13]	农荞伊, 曹军, 程文达, 彭艳琼. 不同方法对蜜蜂总科昆虫资源与多样性监测效果的比较[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 25057-.
[14]	郭雨桐, 李素萃, 王智, 解焱, 杨雪, 周广金, 尤春赫, 朱萨宁, 高吉喜. 全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的覆盖度及其分布状况[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(3): 24423-.
[15]	赵维洋, 王伟, 马冰然. 其他有效的区域保护措施(OECMs)研究进展与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(3): 24525-.