生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 319-329. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09150
所属专题: 保护生物学: 现状和挑战
• 论文 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2009-06-11
接受日期:
2009-06-26
出版日期:
2009-07-20
发布日期:
2009-07-20
通讯作者:
张亚平
作者简介:
*E-mail: zhangyp@mail.kiz.ac.cn基金资助:
Jing Li1,2, Yaping Zhang1,2,*()
Received:
2009-06-11
Accepted:
2009-06-26
Online:
2009-07-20
Published:
2009-07-20
Contact:
Yaping Zhang
摘要:
动物的驯化是新石器时代农业革命的主要内容之一, 导致了人类生活方式从狩猎向畜牧的转变。开展家养动物起源与驯化的研究, 不仅有助于了解人类社会的发展史和人工选择下动物的进化过程, 而且有助于开展家养动物的良种选育和遗传多样性保护, 因此该研究领域受到了人们的长期关注。近年来, 随着更多考古证据的发现与分子遗传学的发展, 人们对于家养动物的起源与驯化有了更深入的认识。本文对家养动物起源与驯化研究中一些基本问题的研究方法和进展进行了综述。文章第一部分介绍了家养动物的野生祖先、起源地、起源时间、建群者大小和扩散路线等问题; 第二部分则涉及家养动物驯化的条件、过程、性状改变及其遗传机制等方面。最后指出了家养动物起源与驯化研究中依然存在的问题, 并对未来研究发展的趋势进行了讨论。
李晶, 张亚平 (2009) 家养动物的起源与驯化研究进展. 生物多样性, 17, 319-329. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09150.
Jing Li, Yaping Zhang (2009) Advances in research of the origin and domestication of domestic animals. Biodiversity Science, 17, 319-329. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09150.
物种 Species | 野生祖先 Wild ancestor | 野生祖先现状 Status of wild ancestor | 起源时间(年) Origin time (years) | 主要起源地 Main origin location | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
家犬 Canis familiaris | 灰狼 Canis lupus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~15,000 | 东亚 East Asia | Savolainen et al., |
家猪 Sus scrofa domesticus | 欧亚野猪 Sus scrofa | 繁盛 Wide-ranging | ~9,000 | 印度 India 东亚 East Asia 意大利 Italy 欧洲中部 Central Europe 东南亚 Southeast Asia 泰国和缅甸 Thailand and Buma | Epstein & Bichard, |
家马 Equus caballus | 不确定 uncertainty | 灭绝 Extinction | ~6,000 | 不确定 Uncertainty | Outram et al., |
家驴 E. asinus | 努比亚野驴 E. africanus africanus 索马里野驴 E. africanus somaliensis | 濒危 Endangered species 濒危 Endangered species | ~5,000-7,000 | 非洲 Africa | Marshall, |
家养山羊 Capra hircus | 野山羊 Capra aegagrus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~2,130-10,000 | 东亚 East Asia 土耳其 Turkey 伊朗 Iran | Chen et al., |
家养绵羊 Ovis aries | 摩弗伦羊 Ovis musimon | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~8,000-9,000 | 西南亚 Southwest Asia | Ryder, |
家养水牛(河流型) RiverineB. bubalus bubalus | 亚洲野水牛 Bubalus bubalus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~5,000 | 南亚 South Asia | Tanaka et al., |
家养水牛(沼泽型) SwampB. bubalus carabanesis | 亚洲野水牛 Bubalus bubalus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~4,000 | 东南亚 Southeast Asia 东亚 East Asia | Tanaka et al., |
普通牛 Bos taurus taurus | 原牛 Bos primigenius primigenius | 灭绝 Extinction | ~11,000 | 近东 Near East | Edwards et al., |
瘤牛 Bos taurus indicus | 原牛 Bos primigenius namadicus | 灭绝 Extinction | ~7,000-8000 | 南亚 South Asia | Bradley & Magee, |
家鸡 Gallus gallus domesticus | 红原鸡 Gallus gallus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~5,400-8000 | 南亚 South Asia 东南亚 Southeast Asia | West & Zhou, |
家猫 Felis silvestris catus | 近东野猫 Felis silvestris lybica 中亚野猫 Felis silvestris ornata | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~9,500 | 近东 Near East | Savolainen et al., |
表1 部分家养动物母系起源情况表
Table 1 The matrilineal ancestors, origin time and location of some domestic animals
物种 Species | 野生祖先 Wild ancestor | 野生祖先现状 Status of wild ancestor | 起源时间(年) Origin time (years) | 主要起源地 Main origin location | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
家犬 Canis familiaris | 灰狼 Canis lupus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~15,000 | 东亚 East Asia | Savolainen et al., |
家猪 Sus scrofa domesticus | 欧亚野猪 Sus scrofa | 繁盛 Wide-ranging | ~9,000 | 印度 India 东亚 East Asia 意大利 Italy 欧洲中部 Central Europe 东南亚 Southeast Asia 泰国和缅甸 Thailand and Buma | Epstein & Bichard, |
家马 Equus caballus | 不确定 uncertainty | 灭绝 Extinction | ~6,000 | 不确定 Uncertainty | Outram et al., |
家驴 E. asinus | 努比亚野驴 E. africanus africanus 索马里野驴 E. africanus somaliensis | 濒危 Endangered species 濒危 Endangered species | ~5,000-7,000 | 非洲 Africa | Marshall, |
家养山羊 Capra hircus | 野山羊 Capra aegagrus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~2,130-10,000 | 东亚 East Asia 土耳其 Turkey 伊朗 Iran | Chen et al., |
家养绵羊 Ovis aries | 摩弗伦羊 Ovis musimon | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~8,000-9,000 | 西南亚 Southwest Asia | Ryder, |
家养水牛(河流型) RiverineB. bubalus bubalus | 亚洲野水牛 Bubalus bubalus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~5,000 | 南亚 South Asia | Tanaka et al., |
家养水牛(沼泽型) SwampB. bubalus carabanesis | 亚洲野水牛 Bubalus bubalus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~4,000 | 东南亚 Southeast Asia 东亚 East Asia | Tanaka et al., |
普通牛 Bos taurus taurus | 原牛 Bos primigenius primigenius | 灭绝 Extinction | ~11,000 | 近东 Near East | Edwards et al., |
瘤牛 Bos taurus indicus | 原牛 Bos primigenius namadicus | 灭绝 Extinction | ~7,000-8000 | 南亚 South Asia | Bradley & Magee, |
家鸡 Gallus gallus domesticus | 红原鸡 Gallus gallus | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~5,400-8000 | 南亚 South Asia 东南亚 Southeast Asia | West & Zhou, |
家猫 Felis silvestris catus | 近东野猫 Felis silvestris lybica 中亚野猫 Felis silvestris ornata | 有限分布 Limited distribution | ~9,500 | 近东 Near East | Savolainen et al., |
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