Biodiv Sci ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 516-524. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13212
Special Issue: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
• Original Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles
Jia Hang1, Yun Shi1,2, Wenhui Liu1, Dahan He1,3,*()
Received:
2013-09-30
Accepted:
2014-01-14
Online:
2014-07-20
Published:
2014-07-24
Contact:
He Dahan
Jia Hang, Yun Shi, Wenhui Liu, Dahan He. Diversity of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) in restored habitats in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2014, 22(4): 516-524.
Fig. 1 Distribution of the sample sites in study area. SG, Shrub/grassland; TS, Tree/shrub mix; FF, Fuel-wood forest; PF, Plantation forest; RG, Naturally restored grassland; TF, Level terraced field; OR, Other regions.
灌草混交林地 SG | 乔灌混交林地 TS | 生态薪炭林地 FF | 天然封育草地 RG | 生态经济林地 PF | 水平农田地 TF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
林冠层物种数 Species of canopy layer (CS) | 0.00±0.00c | 3.33±0.33a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 1.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c |
林冠层盖度 Cover of canopy layer (CC) (%) | 0.00±0.00c | 56.67±6.89a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 40.33±2.91b | 0.00±0.00c |
灌木层物种数 Number of shrub species (SN) | 3.33±0.33a | 1.33±0.33b | 2.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c |
灌木层盖度 Cover of shrub species (SC) (%) | 33.15±1.15b | 23.21±1.15c | 43.67±0.88a | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d |
草本层物种数 Number of herb species (HN) | 6.00±0.58b | 8.00±0.58a | 9.00±0.58a | 6.67±0.33b | 4.33±0.33c | 3.33±0.33c |
草本层盖度 Cover of herb species (HC) (%) | 70.33±3.18a | 67.67±1.45a | 60.00±2.89ab | 49.33±2.96b | 23.67±1.33c | 21.35±3.05c |
枯落物盖度 Cover of leaf litter (LC) (%) | 60.12±2.89ab | 66.67±1.67a | 56.62±1.68b | 25.43±1.05c | 23.35±1.68c | 6.53±0.92d |
枯落物厚度 Depth of leaf litter (LD) (cm) | 0.37±0.02b | 0.55±0.03a | 0.33±0.03b | 0.19±0.01c | 0.11±0.01d | 0.05±0.01d |
草本层生物量 Herbaceous biomass (HB) (g/m2) | 156.41±37.68a | 72.40±7.26b | 72.50±3.95b | 51.27±7.90b | 50.21±1.66b | 18.95±2.09b |
土壤含水量 Soil water content (SW) (%) | 21.64±0.32a | 20.71±0.35a | 20.15±0.32a | 14.13±0.57c | 18.01±0.14b | 18.13±0.29b |
海拔 Elevation (ELV) (m) | 1,775.00 | 1,783.00 | 1,808.67 | 1,728.33 | 1,726.33 | 1,833.00 |
坡向 Slop aspect (SA) | 东北坡Northeast | 西南坡 Southwest | 西坡 West | 西南坡 Southwest | 东南坡 Southeast | 东北坡 Northeast |
坡度 Slop gradient (SG) | 10° | 15° | 23° | 21° | 8° | 12° |
Table 1 The environmental characteristics (mean±SE) in different habitats in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia
灌草混交林地 SG | 乔灌混交林地 TS | 生态薪炭林地 FF | 天然封育草地 RG | 生态经济林地 PF | 水平农田地 TF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
林冠层物种数 Species of canopy layer (CS) | 0.00±0.00c | 3.33±0.33a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 1.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c |
林冠层盖度 Cover of canopy layer (CC) (%) | 0.00±0.00c | 56.67±6.89a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 40.33±2.91b | 0.00±0.00c |
灌木层物种数 Number of shrub species (SN) | 3.33±0.33a | 1.33±0.33b | 2.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c |
灌木层盖度 Cover of shrub species (SC) (%) | 33.15±1.15b | 23.21±1.15c | 43.67±0.88a | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d |
草本层物种数 Number of herb species (HN) | 6.00±0.58b | 8.00±0.58a | 9.00±0.58a | 6.67±0.33b | 4.33±0.33c | 3.33±0.33c |
草本层盖度 Cover of herb species (HC) (%) | 70.33±3.18a | 67.67±1.45a | 60.00±2.89ab | 49.33±2.96b | 23.67±1.33c | 21.35±3.05c |
枯落物盖度 Cover of leaf litter (LC) (%) | 60.12±2.89ab | 66.67±1.67a | 56.62±1.68b | 25.43±1.05c | 23.35±1.68c | 6.53±0.92d |
枯落物厚度 Depth of leaf litter (LD) (cm) | 0.37±0.02b | 0.55±0.03a | 0.33±0.03b | 0.19±0.01c | 0.11±0.01d | 0.05±0.01d |
草本层生物量 Herbaceous biomass (HB) (g/m2) | 156.41±37.68a | 72.40±7.26b | 72.50±3.95b | 51.27±7.90b | 50.21±1.66b | 18.95±2.09b |
土壤含水量 Soil water content (SW) (%) | 21.64±0.32a | 20.71±0.35a | 20.15±0.32a | 14.13±0.57c | 18.01±0.14b | 18.13±0.29b |
海拔 Elevation (ELV) (m) | 1,775.00 | 1,783.00 | 1,808.67 | 1,728.33 | 1,726.33 | 1,833.00 |
坡向 Slop aspect (SA) | 东北坡Northeast | 西南坡 Southwest | 西坡 West | 西南坡 Southwest | 东南坡 Southeast | 东北坡 Northeast |
坡度 Slop gradient (SG) | 10° | 15° | 23° | 21° | 8° | 12° |
Fig. 2 Species richness and abundance of individual ground- dwelling beetles collected by pitfall traps in different habitats. Means with different letters in bars are significantly different (P<0.05). The meanings of SG, TS, FF, RG, PF and TF are the same as those in Fig.1
乔灌混交林地 TS | 生态薪炭林地 FF | 天然封育草地 RG | 生态经济林地 PF | 水平农田地 TF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌草混交林地 SG | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.49 |
乔灌混交林地 TS | - | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.39 |
生态薪炭林地 FF | - | - | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.42 |
天然封育草地 RG | - | - | - | 0.52 | 0.50 |
生态经济林地 PF | - | - | - | - | 0.63 |
Table 2 Similarity coefficients of ground-dwelling beetle communities in different habitats
乔灌混交林地 TS | 生态薪炭林地 FF | 天然封育草地 RG | 生态经济林地 PF | 水平农田地 TF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌草混交林地 SG | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.49 |
乔灌混交林地 TS | - | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.39 |
生态薪炭林地 FF | - | - | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.42 |
天然封育草地 RG | - | - | - | 0.52 | 0.50 |
生态经济林地 PF | - | - | - | - | 0.63 |
回归模型 Regression model | r2 | P | |
---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | -11.68 + 5.35 SC + 0.78 HB + 1.64 SW | 0.83 | 0.000** |
个体数量 Abundance of individual | 76.80 + 12.23 LD + 3.42 CC | 0.72 | 0.000** |
Table 3 Regression analysis of environmental variables and species richness and abundance of individual ground-dwelling beetles
回归模型 Regression model | r2 | P | |
---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | -11.68 + 5.35 SC + 0.78 HB + 1.64 SW | 0.83 | 0.000** |
个体数量 Abundance of individual | 76.80 + 12.23 LD + 3.42 CC | 0.72 | 0.000** |
Fig. 3 CCA for beetle species and seven environmental variables which were the most important in shaping the beetle-abundance patterns. The beetle species are marked with 4+4 letter abbreviations, e.g., Carabus brandti = Carabran. The meanings of environmental factors are the same as those in Table 1.
科 Family | 物种 Species | 灌草混交林地 SG | 乔灌混交 林地 TS | 生态薪炭 林地 FF | 天然封育草地 RG | 生态经 济林地 PF | 水平农 田地 TF | 总个体数 Total | 百分比 % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
步甲科 Carabidae | 直角通缘步甲 Pterostichus gebleri | 284 | 333 | 419 | 56 | 144 | 79 | 1,315 | 29.32 |
麻步甲 Carabus brandti | 137 | 248 | 294 | 43 | 6 | 53 | 781 | 17.41 | |
赤胸长步甲 Dolichus halensis | 24 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 316 | 648 | 14.45 | |
直角婪步甲 Harpalus corporosus | 5 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 36 | 19 | 76 | 1.69 | |
蒙古伪葬步甲 Pseudotaphoxenus mongolicus | 10 | 1 | 34 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 69 | 1.54 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.1 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 38 | 0 | 54 | 1.20 | |
锯步甲属一种 Pristosia sp. | 33 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 49 | 1.09 | |
双斑猛步甲 Cymindis binotata | 25 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 1.09 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.2 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 14 | 48 | 1.07 | |
半猛步甲 Cymindis daimio | 20 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 0.8 | |
短翅伪葬步甲 Pseudotaphoxenus brevipennis | 4 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 36 | 0.8 | |
黄鞘婪步甲 Harpalus pallidipennis | 18 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 35 | 0.78 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 26 | 0.58 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 0.13 | |
中华金星步甲 Calosoma chinense | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0.09 | |
考氏肉步甲 Broscus kozlovi | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0.09 | |
金龟科 Scarabaeidae | 小驼嗡蜣螂 Onthophagus gibbulus | 160 | 83 | 10 | 45 | 48 | 56 | 402 | 8.96 |
中华嗡蜣螂 O. sinicus | 150 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 11 | 18 | 203 | 4.53 | |
双顶嗡蜣螂 O. bivertex | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
大黑蜣螂属一种 Catharsius sp. | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
虎甲科 Cicindelidae | 星斑虎甲 Cicindela kaleea | 72 | 118 | 37 | 25 | 19 | 44 | 315 | 7.02 |
云纹虎甲 C. elisae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 1.65 | |
拟步甲科 Tenebrionidae | 克小鳖甲 Microdera kraatzi | 0 | 5 | 6 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 1.29 |
异形琵甲 Blaps variolosa | 11 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 0.45 | |
条纹琵甲 B. potanini | 0 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 0.45 | |
扁长琵甲 B. variolaris | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 0.25 | |
象甲科 Curculionidae | 暗褐尖筒象 Myllocerus pelidnus | 3 | 13 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 0.98 |
苜蓿象甲 Hypera postica | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
甜菜象甲 Bothynoderse punctiventris | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
芫菁科 Meloidae | 苹斑芫菁 Mylabris calida | 6 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0.47 |
凹胸黑芫菁 Epicauta xantusi | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0.11 | |
暗头豆芫菁 Epicauta obscurocephala | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
鳃金龟科 Melolonthidae | 小阔胫玛绢金龟 Maladera ovatula | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0.20 |
福婆鳃金龟 Brahmina faldermanni | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
粪金龟科 Geotrupidae | 戴锤角粪金龟 Bolbotrypes davidis | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 |
埋葬甲科 Silphidae | 尸葬甲 Necrodes littoralis | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.18 |
大红斑葬甲 Nicrophorus japonicus | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
黄斑葬甲一种 Nicrophorus sp. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
瓢虫科 Coccinellidae | 七星瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0.16 |
异色瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
多异瓢虫 Hippodamia variegata | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
双七瓢虫 Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0.09 | |
叩甲科 Chrysomelidae | 暗色槽缝叩甲 Agrypnus musculus | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 |
总计 Total | 1,011 | 923 | 899 | 360 | 634 | 658 | 4,485 |
Table S1 Species composition and distribution of ground-dwelling beetle communities within restored habitats in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-212-1.pdf
科 Family | 物种 Species | 灌草混交林地 SG | 乔灌混交 林地 TS | 生态薪炭 林地 FF | 天然封育草地 RG | 生态经 济林地 PF | 水平农 田地 TF | 总个体数 Total | 百分比 % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
步甲科 Carabidae | 直角通缘步甲 Pterostichus gebleri | 284 | 333 | 419 | 56 | 144 | 79 | 1,315 | 29.32 |
麻步甲 Carabus brandti | 137 | 248 | 294 | 43 | 6 | 53 | 781 | 17.41 | |
赤胸长步甲 Dolichus halensis | 24 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 316 | 648 | 14.45 | |
直角婪步甲 Harpalus corporosus | 5 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 36 | 19 | 76 | 1.69 | |
蒙古伪葬步甲 Pseudotaphoxenus mongolicus | 10 | 1 | 34 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 69 | 1.54 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.1 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 38 | 0 | 54 | 1.20 | |
锯步甲属一种 Pristosia sp. | 33 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 49 | 1.09 | |
双斑猛步甲 Cymindis binotata | 25 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 1.09 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.2 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 14 | 48 | 1.07 | |
半猛步甲 Cymindis daimio | 20 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 0.8 | |
短翅伪葬步甲 Pseudotaphoxenus brevipennis | 4 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 36 | 0.8 | |
黄鞘婪步甲 Harpalus pallidipennis | 18 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 35 | 0.78 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 26 | 0.58 | |
婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 0.13 | |
中华金星步甲 Calosoma chinense | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0.09 | |
考氏肉步甲 Broscus kozlovi | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0.09 | |
金龟科 Scarabaeidae | 小驼嗡蜣螂 Onthophagus gibbulus | 160 | 83 | 10 | 45 | 48 | 56 | 402 | 8.96 |
中华嗡蜣螂 O. sinicus | 150 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 11 | 18 | 203 | 4.53 | |
双顶嗡蜣螂 O. bivertex | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
大黑蜣螂属一种 Catharsius sp. | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
虎甲科 Cicindelidae | 星斑虎甲 Cicindela kaleea | 72 | 118 | 37 | 25 | 19 | 44 | 315 | 7.02 |
云纹虎甲 C. elisae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 1.65 | |
拟步甲科 Tenebrionidae | 克小鳖甲 Microdera kraatzi | 0 | 5 | 6 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 1.29 |
异形琵甲 Blaps variolosa | 11 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 0.45 | |
条纹琵甲 B. potanini | 0 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 0.45 | |
扁长琵甲 B. variolaris | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 0.25 | |
象甲科 Curculionidae | 暗褐尖筒象 Myllocerus pelidnus | 3 | 13 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 0.98 |
苜蓿象甲 Hypera postica | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
甜菜象甲 Bothynoderse punctiventris | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
芫菁科 Meloidae | 苹斑芫菁 Mylabris calida | 6 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0.47 |
凹胸黑芫菁 Epicauta xantusi | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0.11 | |
暗头豆芫菁 Epicauta obscurocephala | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
鳃金龟科 Melolonthidae | 小阔胫玛绢金龟 Maladera ovatula | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0.20 |
福婆鳃金龟 Brahmina faldermanni | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
粪金龟科 Geotrupidae | 戴锤角粪金龟 Bolbotrypes davidis | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 |
埋葬甲科 Silphidae | 尸葬甲 Necrodes littoralis | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.18 |
大红斑葬甲 Nicrophorus japonicus | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
黄斑葬甲一种 Nicrophorus sp. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
瓢虫科 Coccinellidae | 七星瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0.16 |
异色瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
多异瓢虫 Hippodamia variegata | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 | |
双七瓢虫 Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0.09 | |
叩甲科 Chrysomelidae | 暗色槽缝叩甲 Agrypnus musculus | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.09 |
总计 Total | 1,011 | 923 | 899 | 360 | 634 | 658 | 4,485 |
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