Invasion patterns of seven alien plant species along roadsides in southern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08001

Abstract

Abstract:

Roads serve multiple functions that enhance exotic species invasion. In this paper, we examined the roles of disturbance, light availability, slope aspect, and climate in explaining density and frequency of exotic invasive plants. We analyzed the effect of main environmental factors along 13 roads with different levels of anthropological disturbances (heavy, moderate, and light) in the north tropical and south subtropical mountainous zones in Yunnan Province. The results demonstrated that density of four species, Eupatorium adenophorum, E. odoratum, Ageratum conyzoides and Tithonia diversifoli, and frequency of E. adenophorum were significantly associated with distance from roads. The curves of these four alien plants all presented a single-peak pattern, and their maximum abundance occurred within 4 m of roads. These four alien plants invaded native plant communities from primary colonization points along road margins. Density of E. adenophorum, E. odoratum, A. conyzoides, T. diversifoli and Synedrella nodiflora and frequency of E. adenophorum, E. odoratum, A. conyzoides and T. diversifoli tended to be significantly higher along highly disturbed roads than moderately and lightly disturbed roads, indicating that plant communities adjacent to highly disturbed roads might be more prone to invasion. Density of E. adenophorum, E. odoratum and A. conyzoides and frequency of E. adenophorum, A. conyzoidesand S. nodiflora were significantly higher in areas with high light level than those that had medium or low light levels. E. adenophorum, E. odoratum and A. conyzoides might obviously invade farther in habitats along roads that had high light level. Density of E. adenophorum, A. conyzoides and S. nodiflora were significantly higher on warm aspects than on cool aspects. E. adenophorum and T. diversifoli were mainly distributed in the south subtropical mountainous zones, while E. odoratum and S. nodiflora were mainly in the north tropical mountainous zones. A. conyzoides and Malvastrum coromandelianum were distributed in both zones. Tridax procumbens were very few along roadsides, which had no statistical significance. Management of roadside habitats should be considered a key to preventing and controlling alien plant invasion, and the maintenance of a dense canopy of native vegetation would benefit control of alien invasive plants.

Key words: road effect, alien invasive plant, corridor, environmental factor, invasion pattern

Jinli Zhao, Youxin Ma, Hua Zhu, Hongmei Li, Wenjun Liu, Zengjia Li. Invasion patterns of seven alien plant species along roadsides in southern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2008, 16(4): 369-380.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08001

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2008/V16/I4/369

Figures/Tables 10

References 41

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干扰等级 Disturbance level	公路段名 Road segment name	公路等级 Road grade	样方数 Number of quadrats	修建时间 Time of construction	历史干扰事件 Disturbance history
高干扰 Highly disturbed	宁洱–景谷 Ninger-Jinggu	国道323 State highway 323	54	20世纪60年代或以前 Before or in the 1960s	1996-2002年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 1996 and 2002
	勐仑–景洪 Menglun-Jinghong	国道213 State highway 213	14	20世纪60年代或以前 Before or in the 1960s	1984年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 1984 20世纪90年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1990s
	景洪–勐海 Jinghong-Menghai	国道214 State highway 214	28	20世纪60年代以前 Before or in the 1960s	1979-1981年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 1979 and 1981 20世纪90年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1990s
	鸡街–开远 Jijie-Kaiyuan	国道326 State highway 326	13	20世纪60年代 In the 1960s	20世纪80年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1980s 1992年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 1992
	蒙自–屏边 Mengzi-Pingbian	国道326 State highway 326	14	20世纪60年代 In the 1960s	20世纪80年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1980s 1992年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 1992
中度干扰 Moderately disturbed	普洱–江城 Puer-Jiangcheng	省道214 Provincial Highway 214	35	1959-1967	2004年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 2004
	河口–屏边 Hekou-Pingbian	省道235 Provincial highway 235	14	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	90年代改修为柏油路 Improved to blacktop in the 1990s
	盈江–铜壁关 Yingjiang-Tongbiguan	省道318 Provincial highway 318	30	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	2005-2006年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 2005 and 2006
	梁河–潞西 Lianghe-Luxi	省道 Provincial highway	23	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	1999-2000年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 1999 and 2000
	勐海–勐阿 Menghai-Meng’a	县级路 County road	26	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	2004年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 2004
	勐海–景洪 Menghai-Jinghong	县级路 County road	10	1999-2004	2004年开始通车 Opened in 2004
低干扰 Lightly disturbed	昔马–盈江 Xima-Yingjiang	乡村弹石路 Sandstone road	20	1974	N/A
低干扰 Lightly disturbed	屏边–大围山 Pingbian-Daweishan	乡村弹石路 Sandstone road	13	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	N/A

干扰等级 Disturbance level	公路段名 Road segment name	公路等级 Road grade	样方数 Number of quadrats	修建时间 Time of construction	历史干扰事件 Disturbance history
高干扰 Highly disturbed	宁洱–景谷 Ninger-Jinggu	国道323 State highway 323	54	20世纪60年代或以前 Before or in the 1960s	1996-2002年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 1996 and 2002
	勐仑–景洪 Menglun-Jinghong	国道213 State highway 213	14	20世纪60年代或以前 Before or in the 1960s	1984年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 1984 20世纪90年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1990s
	景洪–勐海 Jinghong-Menghai	国道214 State highway 214	28	20世纪60年代以前 Before or in the 1960s	1979-1981年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 1979 and 1981 20世纪90年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1990s
	鸡街–开远 Jijie-Kaiyuan	国道326 State highway 326	13	20世纪60年代 In the 1960s	20世纪80年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1980s 1992年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 1992
	蒙自–屏边 Mengzi-Pingbian	国道326 State highway 326	14	20世纪60年代 In the 1960s	20世纪80年代大修 Heavy repair in the 1980s 1992年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 1992
中度干扰 Moderately disturbed	普洱–江城 Puer-Jiangcheng	省道214 Provincial Highway 214	35	1959-1967	2004年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 2004
	河口–屏边 Hekou-Pingbian	省道235 Provincial highway 235	14	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	90年代改修为柏油路 Improved to blacktop in the 1990s
	盈江–铜壁关 Yingjiang-Tongbiguan	省道318 Provincial highway 318	30	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	2005-2006年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 2005 and 2006
	梁河–潞西 Lianghe-Luxi	省道 Provincial highway	23	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	1999-2000年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop between 1999 and 2000
	勐海–勐阿 Menghai-Meng’a	县级路 County road	26	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	2004年改修柏油路 Improved to blacktop in 2004
	勐海–景洪 Menghai-Jinghong	县级路 County road	10	1999-2004	2004年开始通车 Opened in 2004
低干扰 Lightly disturbed	昔马–盈江 Xima-Yingjiang	乡村弹石路 Sandstone road	20	1974	N/A
低干扰 Lightly disturbed	屏边–大围山 Pingbian-Daweishan	乡村弹石路 Sandstone road	13	20世纪70年代 In the 1970s	N/A