The role of microtopography in shaping forest soil Collembola community assembly in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang

doi:10.17520/biods.2025300

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Microtopography is a key driver regulating species distribution patterns and community structure at the local scale. However, existing studies have largely focused on plants and microorganisms, while soil fauna remain comparatively understudied. Collembola, as soil indicator organisms highly sensitive to environmental changes, can effectively reflect microenvironmental heterogeneity through variations in their community composition and diversity.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Gongliu Wild Walnut Nature Reserve, Xinjiang. Three representative microtopographic habitats—shady slopes, sunny slopes, and ravines—were selected for investigation. In each habitat, soil Collembola communities and associated environmental variables were systematically surveyed to evaluate the effects of microtopography on community structure and diversity, and to identify the key environmental drivers shaping these patterns.
Results: A total of 1,548 Collembola individuals were collected, belonging to 6 families, 12 genera, and 19 species. Significant differences in monthly mean soil temperature, total phosphorus content, and canopy coverage were observed among microtopographic types. Collembola community composition also differed significantly among habitats. Although differences in diversity indices were not statistically significant, clear spatial trends were observed: diversity index was highest on shady slopes, intermediate on sunny slopes, and lowest in ravines. At the genus level, distinct distribution patterns were detected: Willowsia, Entomobrya, and Homidia occurred exclusively on shady slopes, whereas Xenylla was restricted to sunny slopes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that monthly mean soil temperature and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) were the primary factors influencing community composition. Collembola abundance was significantly negatively correlated with monthly mean soil moisture, and hydrothermal conditions were closely coupled with soil nutrient availability.
Conclusion: The study revealed that microtopography shapes heterogeneous microenvironmental conditions through the coupled effects of vegetation structure, microclimate, and soil properties, thereby driving spatial differentiation of soil Collembola communities.

Key words: habitat heterogeneity, Collembola, temperate forest, soil fauna diversity, microhabitat, microclimate

Cuiyi Jiang, Zhijing Xie, Zhongping Tian, Yueying Li, Mingxin Zheng, Shuai Fang, Mierkamili Maimaiti, Erfan Akberjan, Meixiang Gao, Jian Zhang. The role of microtopography in shaping forest soil Collembola community assembly in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2026, 34(4): 25300.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025300

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2026/V34/I4/25300

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微地形 Microtopography	海拔 Elevation (m)	植被类型 Vegetation type	郁闭度 Canopy coverage (%)	优势木本植物 Dominant woody plants
阴坡 Shady	1,228	森林 Forest	33	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,305	森林 Forest	28	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 野杏 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Prunus armeniaca
	1,454	森林 Forest	51	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica
阳坡 Sunny	1,251	灌丛 Shrub	4	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
	1,328	灌丛 Shrub	5	野杏, 准噶尔锦鸡儿 Prunus armeniaca, Caragana soongorica
	1,448	灌丛 Shrub	1	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
沟谷 Ravine	1,225	森林 Forest	53	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,264	森林 Forest	35	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,409	森林 Forest	44	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica

微地形 Microtopography	海拔 Elevation (m)	植被类型 Vegetation type	郁闭度 Canopy coverage (%)	优势木本植物 Dominant woody plants
阴坡 Shady	1,228	森林 Forest	33	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,305	森林 Forest	28	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 野杏 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Prunus armeniaca
	1,454	森林 Forest	51	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica
阳坡 Sunny	1,251	灌丛 Shrub	4	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
	1,328	灌丛 Shrub	5	野杏, 准噶尔锦鸡儿 Prunus armeniaca, Caragana soongorica
	1,448	灌丛 Shrub	1	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
沟谷 Ravine	1,225	森林 Forest	53	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,264	森林 Forest	35	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,409	森林 Forest	44	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica

微地形 Microtopography	丰富度 Richness	lg多度 lgAbundance	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
阴坡 Shady	6.33±0.33	2.68±0.29	1.53±0.09	0.75±0.03	0.58±0.05
阳坡 Sunny	6.67±0.33	3.19±0.43	0.99±0.32	0.48±0.17	0.37±0.13
沟谷 Ravine	4.00±1.53	2.66±0.19	0.66±0.33	0.35±0.18	0.27±0.14

微地形 Microtopography	丰富度 Richness	lg多度 lgAbundance	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
阴坡 Shady	6.33±0.33	2.68±0.29	1.53±0.09	0.75±0.03	0.58±0.05
阳坡 Sunny	6.67±0.33	3.19±0.43	0.99±0.32	0.48±0.17	0.37±0.13
沟谷 Ravine	4.00±1.53	2.66±0.19	0.66±0.33	0.35±0.18	0.27±0.14

	阴坡 Shady	阳坡 Sunny	沟谷 Ravine
球角跳科 Hypogastruridae	106.65±75.81 (15.99%)	3,810.00±3,614.28 (90.44%)	205.32±112.65 (37.26%)
棘跳科 Onychiuridae	253.47±114.08 (38.01%)	296.69±62.78 (7.04%)	267.91±147.78 (48.61%)
等节跳科 Isotomidae	272.75±136.80 (40.90%)	4.94±2.47 (0.12%)	54.42±35.07 (9.87%)
疣跳科 Neanuridae	14.44±14.44 (2.16%)	94.11±42.66 (2.23%)	22.22±22.22 (4.03%)
长角跳科 Entomobryidae	18.33±18.33 (2.75%)	7.22±7.22 (0.17%)	0±0 (0.00%)
齿棘圆跳科 Arrhopalitidae	1.23±1.23 (0.19%)	0±0 (0.00%)	1.23±1.23 (0.22%)