Changes and driving mechanism of biomass in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Wuyishan National Park

doi:10.17520/biods.2025181

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Biomass is an important ecological indicator because of its critical role in evaluating the function of forest ecosystems. However, global subtropical forest biotopes are facing fragmentation. We conducted a thorough inquiry into the influencing mechanism of biomass in evergreen broad-leaved forests, aiming to provide scientific insights for the functional restoration of these ecosystems in subtropical regions.

Methods: We investigated the subtropical forest located in Wuyishan National Park, Fujian. Based on the inventory data collected in 2018 and 2023 from five 0.48-ha forest dynamics plots established along an elevation gradient, we analyzed the changes in biomass and species composition and the correlation between biomass and influencing factors (species diversity, structural diversity, leaf functional traits, and soil element content) using general linear mixed models. Additionally, we used the hierarchical partitioning analysis to seek the dominant factors affecting biomass accumulation.

Results: (1) Over the five-year period, the total biomass in the research area increased by 62.60 t, with a productivity of 5.22 t·ha^-1·yr^-1. Evergreen species contributed 5.05 t·ha^-1·yr^-1 (96.81%) to this productivity, while deciduous species accounted for 0.17 t·ha^-1·yr^-1 (3.19%). (2) There were 25 dominant tree species (importance value greater than 1.00%) identified, among which Castanopsis faberi, Lithocarpus harlandii, Itea omeiensis, and Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuate exhibited reduced biomass accumulation during the period. (3) The results of the linear mixed model revealed that a significantly positive correlations (P < 0.05) existed between biomass and both DBH standard deviation and the Simpson diversity index. Conversely, significantly negative correlations (P < 0.05) were detected between biomass and both the Margalef species richness index and the Pielou evenness index. (4) The hierarchical partitioning analysis results indicated that structural diversity and species diversity were primary drivers of biomass accumulation, while leaf functional traits and soil element content had little effect on biomass accumulation. Among all influencing factors, the contribution rate of DBH standard deviation to biomass accumulation was the highest (31.42%), followed by the Pielou evenness index (21.79%).

Conclusion: This investigation explored the correlations between influencing factors and biomass accumulation in the evergreen broad-leaved forests of Wuyishan National Park, emphasizing that structural diversity and species diversity are paramount determinants of biomass accumulation, which can provide actionable silvicultural implications for ecological restoration of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystems.

Key words: evergreen broad-leaved forest, biomass, community structure, species diversity, structural diversity

Zichen Hong, Yuanguang Yang, Xinhao Huang, Zi Wang, Xiao Zheng, Xu Zhou, Yan Zhou, Shipin Chen, Wenjun Lin. Changes and driving mechanism of biomass in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Wuyishan National Park[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(11): 25181.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025181

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I11/25181

Figures/Tables 7

References 71

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指标 Index	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
结构多样性 Structural diversity
胸径Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index of DBH (H°_d)	0.58-1.83	0.84	0.14	16.43
胸径Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index of DBH (D_d)	0.05-0.93	0.70	0.15	21.62
胸径标准偏差 Standard deviation of DBH (D_SD)	2.37-16.86	6.86	1.98	28.90
胸径Gini系数 Gini index of DBH (C_G)	0.15-0.92	0.78	0.10	12.50
物种多样性 Species diversity
Margalef物种丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (R)	1.67-8.34	5.07	1.14	22.52
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H°)	1.33-3.27	2.63	0.33	12.75
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (D)	0.63-0.95	0.89	0.05	5.68
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E)	0.64-1.00	0.86	0.06	7.03
叶功能性状 Leaf functional traits
叶片全碳含量 Leaf total carbon content (mg/g)	473.46-507.74	491.56	5.91	1.20
叶片全氮含量 Leaf total nitrogen content (mg/g)	11.59-18.04	15.12	1.24	8.23
叶片全磷含量 Leaf total phosphorus content (mg/g)	0.30-0.51	0.39	0.04	10.32
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg/g)	348.88-753.09	497.08	117.86	23.71
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	68.36-123.69	93.90	11.29	12.02
土壤元素含量 Soil element content
土壤全碳含量 Soil total carbon content (mg/g)	30.12-86.28	52.53	12.24	23.29
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (mg/g)	2.36-6.43	3.82	0.85	22.37
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (mg/g)	0.00-0.40	0.08	0.09	112.84

指标 Index	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
结构多样性 Structural diversity
胸径Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index of DBH (H°_d)	0.58-1.83	0.84	0.14	16.43
胸径Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index of DBH (D_d)	0.05-0.93	0.70	0.15	21.62
胸径标准偏差 Standard deviation of DBH (D_SD)	2.37-16.86	6.86	1.98	28.90
胸径Gini系数 Gini index of DBH (C_G)	0.15-0.92	0.78	0.10	12.50
物种多样性 Species diversity
Margalef物种丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (R)	1.67-8.34	5.07	1.14	22.52
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H°)	1.33-3.27	2.63	0.33	12.75
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (D)	0.63-0.95	0.89	0.05	5.68
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E)	0.64-1.00	0.86	0.06	7.03
叶功能性状 Leaf functional traits
叶片全碳含量 Leaf total carbon content (mg/g)	473.46-507.74	491.56	5.91	1.20
叶片全氮含量 Leaf total nitrogen content (mg/g)	11.59-18.04	15.12	1.24	8.23
叶片全磷含量 Leaf total phosphorus content (mg/g)	0.30-0.51	0.39	0.04	10.32
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg/g)	348.88-753.09	497.08	117.86	23.71
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	68.36-123.69	93.90	11.29	12.02
土壤元素含量 Soil element content
土壤全碳含量 Soil total carbon content (mg/g)	30.12-86.28	52.53	12.24	23.29
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (mg/g)	2.36-6.43	3.82	0.85	22.37
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (mg/g)	0.00-0.40	0.08	0.09	112.84

科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	生活型 Life form	变化 Change
樟科 Lauraceae	木姜子属 Litsea	石木姜子 Litsea elongata var. faberi	常绿 Evergreen	进入种 Entering species
清风藤科 Sabiaceae	清风藤属 Sabia	灰背清风藤 Sabia discolor	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
豆科 Fabaceae	红豆属 Ormosia	小叶红豆 Ormosia microphylla	常绿 Evergreen	进入种 Entering species
杜英科 Elaeocarpaceae	猴欢喜属 Sloanea	猴欢喜 Sloanea sinensis	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	白木乌桕属 Neoshirakia	白木乌桕 Neoshirakia japonica	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
省沽油科 Staphyleaceae	野鸦椿属 Euscaphis	野鸦椿 Euscaphis japonica	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
无患子科 Sapindaceae	槭属 Acer	青榨槭 Acer davidii	落叶 Deciduous	进入种 Entering species
无患子科 Sapindaceae	槭属 Acer	岭南槭 Acer tutcheri	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
楝科 Meliaceae	香椿属 Toona	红椿 Toona ciliata	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
山茱萸科 Cornaceae	八角枫属 Alangium	八角枫 Alangium chinense	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
报春花科 Primulaceae	铁仔属 Myrsine	光叶铁仔 Myrsine stolonifera	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	杜鹃花属 Rhododendron	弯蒴杜鹃 Rhododendron henryi	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
茜草科 Rubiaceae	粗叶木属 Lasianthus	日本粗叶木 Lasianthus japonicus	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	冬青属 Ilex	大叶冬青 Ilex latifolia	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species

科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	生活型 Life form	变化 Change
樟科 Lauraceae	木姜子属 Litsea	石木姜子 Litsea elongata var. faberi	常绿 Evergreen	进入种 Entering species
清风藤科 Sabiaceae	清风藤属 Sabia	灰背清风藤 Sabia discolor	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
豆科 Fabaceae	红豆属 Ormosia	小叶红豆 Ormosia microphylla	常绿 Evergreen	进入种 Entering species
杜英科 Elaeocarpaceae	猴欢喜属 Sloanea	猴欢喜 Sloanea sinensis	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	白木乌桕属 Neoshirakia	白木乌桕 Neoshirakia japonica	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
省沽油科 Staphyleaceae	野鸦椿属 Euscaphis	野鸦椿 Euscaphis japonica	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
无患子科 Sapindaceae	槭属 Acer	青榨槭 Acer davidii	落叶 Deciduous	进入种 Entering species
无患子科 Sapindaceae	槭属 Acer	岭南槭 Acer tutcheri	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
楝科 Meliaceae	香椿属 Toona	红椿 Toona ciliata	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
山茱萸科 Cornaceae	八角枫属 Alangium	八角枫 Alangium chinense	落叶 Deciduous	退出种 Exiting species
报春花科 Primulaceae	铁仔属 Myrsine	光叶铁仔 Myrsine stolonifera	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	杜鹃花属 Rhododendron	弯蒴杜鹃 Rhododendron henryi	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
茜草科 Rubiaceae	粗叶木属 Lasianthus	日本粗叶木 Lasianthus japonicus	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	冬青属 Ilex	大叶冬青 Ilex latifolia	常绿 Evergreen	退出种 Exiting species

树种 Species	生活型 Life form	重要值 Importance value (%)		生物量 Biomass (t/ha)		生产力 Productivity (t·ha^-1·yr^-1)
树种 Species	生活型 Life form	2018	2023	2018	2023	生产力 Productivity (t·ha^-1·yr^-1)
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	常绿 Evergreen	8.53	8.36	89.85	95.76	1.18
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	常绿 Evergreen	7.79	8.22	7.35	10.41	0.61
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	常绿 Evergreen	5.72	6.08	23.79	28.30	0.90
小叶青冈 Quercus myrsinifolia	常绿 Evergreen	3.66	3.72	33.78	37.35	0.72
木荷 Schima superba	常绿 Evergreen	3.51	3.53	18.32	19.70	0.28
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	常绿 Evergreen	3.37	3.40	2.68	2.85	0.03
树参 Dendropanax dentiger	常绿 Evergreen	2.87	2.96	9.88	10.85	0.20
华南蒲桃 Syzygium austrosinense	常绿 Evergreen	2.58	2.90	2.49	3.43	0.19
罗浮锥 Castanopsis faberi	常绿 Evergreen	2.51	2.22	14.80	14.38	-0.08
港柯 Lithocarpus harlandii	常绿 Evergreen	2.41	2.21	16.34	15.18	-0.23
日本杜英 Elaeocarpus japonicus	常绿 Evergreen	2.20	2.22	9.48	10.33	0.17
大萼杨桐 Adinandra glischroloma var. macrosepala	常绿 Evergreen	2.13	2.19	0.95	1.00	0.01
白背瑞木 Corylopsis multiflora var. nivea	常绿 Evergreen	1.76	1.71	2.83	2.88	0.01
乌冈栎 Quercus phillyraeoides	常绿 Evergreen	1.68	1.58	10.05	10.15	0.02
黄山松 Pinus hwangshanensis	常绿 Evergreen	1.50	1.49	8.00	8.39	0.08
薄叶山矾 Symplocos anomala	常绿 Evergreen	1.49	1.55	0.68	0.78	0.02
凤凰润楠 Machilus phoenicis	常绿 Evergreen	1.44	1.37	0.54	0.68	0.03
桃叶石楠 Photinia prunifolia	常绿 Evergreen	1.37	1.36	1.34	1.45	0.02
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii	常绿 Evergreen	1.26	1.34	3.90	4.49	0.12
峨眉鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	常绿 Evergreen	1.25	1.04	0.48	0.37	-0.02
冬青 Ilex chinensis	常绿 Evergreen	1.16	1.19	1.40	1.65	0.05
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	常绿 Evergreen	1.14	1.21	1.38	1.68	0.06
尾叶冬青 Ilex wilsonii	常绿 Evergreen	1.11	1.12	0.30	0.33	0.00
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata	常绿 Evergreen	1.11	1.03	0.15	0.13	0.00
尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	常绿 Evergreen	0.98	1.09	0.58	0.72	0.03