Effects of diversity and temporal stability of native communities on the biomass of invasive species Solidago canadensis

doi:10.17520/biods.2024263

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: Elton’s foundational ideas on “diversity-invasibility” and “diversity-stability” relationships have long been central to ecological research, yet the link between these concepts remains largely unexplored. It remains unclear whether diversity reduces invasions by enhancing community temporal stability, and thereby making stability a primary mechanism by which diversity resists invasion.

Methods: We conducted an in situ experiment at the Shanghai Urban Biodiversity Education Base to simulate the invasion processes by transplanting Solidago canadensisseedlings into native herbaceous communities. We then measured the biomass of the invader, to assess the relationship between species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, temporal stability, canopy closure of the native communties, and the growth performance of the invader.

Results: We found that both species diversity and phylogenetic diversity of native communities, particularly when assessed by cover-weighted measures, were generally positively correlated with invader biomass. These diversity measures also generally showed a positive correlation with the temporal stability of native communities. However, invader biomass was not significantly related to community temporal stability but was negatively related to canopy closure. Structural equation modeling indicated that higher diversity and lower canopy closure of native communities increased invader biomass, and the positive relationship between diversity and invader biomass offset the potential negative effect of diversity on invasion by enhancing temporal stability.

Conclusions: This study elucidates that species diversity and phylogenetic diversity, along with temporal stability, can exert complex influences on community invasibility, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying the “diversity-invasibility” relationship.

Key words: species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, temporal stability, invader, Solidago canadensis

Shiyi Long, Bobo Zhang, Yuchen Xia, Yangfan Fei, Yani Meng, Bingwei Lü, Yueqing Song, Pu Zheng, Taoran Guo, Jian Zhang, Shaopeng Li. Effects of diversity and temporal stability of native communities on the biomass of invasive species Solidago canadensis[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(11): 24263.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024263

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I11/24263

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Distribution of sample plots and experimental design in Shanghai Urban Biodiversity Education Base

Fig. 2 Relationships between species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and the biomass of the invasive species Solidago canadensis. A, Forest plot summarizing the effects of species diversity and phylogenetic diversity on invader biomass; B, C, D were Linear regressions illustrating the relationships between invader biomass and the Hill number (q = 2), Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD), and abundance-weighted mean phylogenetic distance (MPDab), respectively. R2 represents the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable, while the P value indicates statistical significance, with a threshold of P = 0.05. In the forest plot, solid points indicate significant correlation, while hollow points indicate non-significant correlation. Linear fits are displayed as solid lines for significant relationships and dashed lines for non-significant relationships.

Fig. 3 Relationships between species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and temporal stability of native plant communities. A, Forest plot summarizing the effects of species diversity and phylogenetic diversity on temporal stability; B, C, D were Linear regressions of temporal stability as a function of Hill number (q = 2), Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD), and abundance-weighted mean phylogenetic distance (MPDab), respectively. R2 represents the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable, while the P value indicates statistical significance, with a threshold of P = 0.05. In the forest plot, solid points indicate significant correlation, while hollow points indicate non-significant correlation. Linear fits are displayed as solid lines for significant relationships and dashed lines for non-significant relationships.

Fig. 4 Linear regressions of invader biomass as a function of temporal stability (A), mean coverage of local community (B), standard deviation (SD) of coverage of local community (C) and canopy closure (D). R2 represents the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable, while the P value indicates statistical significance, with a threshold of P = 0.05. Linear fits are displayed as solid lines for significant relationships and dashed lines for non-significant relationships.

Fig. 5 Structural equation models depicting the relationships between species diversity, canopy closure, and the biomass of the invasive species Solidago canadensis. A, Temporal stability is divided into two components: mean and standard deviation (SD); B, Temporal stability is divided into species asynchrony and species stability. Blue arrows represent positive relationships, while red arrows denote negative relationships. Solid arrows indicate statistically significant effects, and dashed arrows indicate non-significant effects. The width of the arrows reflects the magnitude of standardized path coefficients, with numerical values provided alongside arrows. R² values indicate the proportion of variance explained by the model. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Model adequacy was evaluated using the χ² test and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The model with the lowest AIC value was selected as the best fit.

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