Phenotypic variation of natural populations of Primula denticulatassp. sinodenticulata

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07314

Abstract

Abstract:

Primula denticulatassp. sinodenticulata(Primulaceae) is an herbaceous perennial in southwest China. Many gardeners recommend it for alpine garden construction or greenhouse cultivation. Due to habitat destruction, however, this plant is rapidly decreasing in number and size of populations. To conserve this plant for our future reintroductions and breeding, 10 natural populations of Primula denticulatassp. sinodenticulatawere analyzed using morphological markers. Morphological diversity among and within populations were analyzed based on 8 phenotypic traits of 30 plants from each population. Phenotypic variance analysis showed that significant variation existed among and within populations. Coefficient of variations (CVs) ranged between 4.73% and 9.90%, and phenotypic differentiation coefficients (Vst) ranged from 15.41% to 40.69%, the mean value was 28.54% and within-population variation comprised a majority of total phenotypic variation. UPGMA Cluster analysis based on morphological traits showed that the 10 populations could be divided into three groups. According to our results, conservation of this species’ genetic resources should focus on protecting populations with higher morphological variation, andin situ conservation should be carried out in their original habitats.

Key words: Primula denticulatassp. sinodenticulata, natural population, morphological variation, germplasm conservation

Ruili Zhang, Yin Jia, Qixiang Zhang. Phenotypic variation of natural populations of Primula denticulatassp. sinodenticulata[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2008, 16(4): 362-368.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07314

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2008/V16/I4/362

Figures/Tables 6

References 26

[1]	Antrobus S, Lack AJ (1993) Genetics of colonizing and established populations of Primula veris. Heredity, 71,252-258.
[2]	Christoph R, Anja A, Markus R (2005) Molecular variation within and between ten populations of Primula farinosa (Primulaceae) along an altitudinal gradient in the north Alps. Basic and Applied Ecology, 6,35-45.
[3]	Ge S (葛颂), Wang MX (王明庥), Chen YW (陈岳武) (1988) An analysis of population genetic structure of masson pine by isozyme technique. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 24,399-409. (in Chinese with English abstract ).
[4]	Gu WC (顾万春), Li WY (李文英) (2007) Analysis and suggestions of benefit sharing policies relating to forest tree germplasm resources in China. World Forestry Research (世界林业研究), 20 (1),66-69. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Hamrick JL, Godt MJW (1990) Allozyme diversity in plant species. In:Plant Population Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Resources (eds Brown AHD, Clegg MT, Kahler AL),pp.43-63. Sinauer Association Inc.,Massachusetts.
[6]	Hamrick JL, Godt MJW (1992) Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New Forest, 6,95-124.
[7]	Honjo M, Ueno S, TsumuraY, Washitani I, Ohsawa R (2004) Phylogeographic study based on intraspecific sequence variation of chloroplast DNA for the conservation of genetic diversity in the Japanese endangered species Primula sieboldii. Biological Conservation, 120,215-224.
[8]	Hu QM (胡启明) (1994) On the geographical distribution of the Primulaceae. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany(热带亚热带植物学报), 2 (4),1-14. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Ishihama F, Nakano C, Ueno S, Ajima M, Tsumura Y, Washitani I (2003) Seed set and gene flow patterns in an experimental population of an endangered heterostylous herb with controlled local opposite-morph density. Functional Ecology, 17,680-689.
[10]	Jacquemyn H, Honnay O, Galbusera P, Roldan-Ruiz I (2004) Genetic structure of the forest herb Primula elatior in a changing landscape. Molecular Ecology, 13,211-219. DOI URL PMID
[11]	Jin Y (金燕), Lu BR (卢宝荣) (2003) Sampling strategy of genetic diversity. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 11,155-161. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Kitamoto N, Honjo M, Ueno S, Takenaka A,TsumuraY, Washitani I, Ohsawa R (2005) Spatial genetic structure among and within populations of Primula sieboldii growing beside separate streams. Molecular Ecology, 14,149-157. DOI URL PMID
[13]	Liang SL (梁树乐), Zhang QX (张启翔) (2004) Investigation on resources of the Primula L. in the Cangshan Mountains of Dali. Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College (莱阳农学院学报), 21,63-65. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Liang SL (梁树乐) (2006) Studies on the Introduction and Crossbreeding of Wild Primula L. from the Southwest of China (我国西南地区部分野生报春的引种与杂交育种研究). PhD dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[15]	Li B (李斌), Gu WC (顾万春), Lu BM (卢宝明) (2002) A study on phenotypic diversity of seeds and cones characteristics in Pinus bungeana. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 10,181-188. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Li J (李进), Chen KY (陈可咏), Li BS (李渤生) (1998) The variation of genetic diversity of Quercus aquifolioides in different elevations. Acta Botanica Sinica(植物学报), 40,761-767. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Luo SB (罗少波), Li ZJ (李智军), Zhou WB (周微波), Kenichihida , Takehiko (1996) Technique for identification of heat tolerance in heading Chinese cabbage (中国蔬菜), 2,16-18. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Ming J (明军), Gu WC (顾万春) (2006a) Genetic diversity in natural populations of Syringa oblata detected by AFLP markers. Acta Horticulturae Sinica (园艺学报), 33,1269-1274. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Ming J (明军), Gu WC (顾万春) (2006b) Phenotypic variation of Syringa oblata Lindl. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 19,199-204. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	Nan P, Shi SH, Peng SL, Tian CJ, Zhong Y (2003) Genetic diversity in Primula obconica (Primulaceae) from central and south-west China as revealed by ISSR markers. Annals of Botany, 91,329-333. DOI URL PMID
[21]	Richards J (1993) Primula. B. T. Bastford Ltd., London.
[22]	Rossum F, Echchgadda G, Szabadi I, Triest L (2002) Commonness and long-term survival in fragmented habitats: Primula elatior as a study case . Conservation Biology, 16,1286-1295.
[23]	Van Rossum F, Echchgadda G, Szabadi I, Triest L (2002) Commonness and long-term survival in fragmented habitats: Primula elatior as a study case. Conservation Biology, 16,1286-1295.
[24]	Wang FY (王凤英), Ge XJ (葛学军), Hao G (郝刚), Hu QM (胡启明) (2005) Genetic diversity and differentiation in Primula sikkimensis (Primulaceae) in Himalyan- Hengduan Mountains. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany (热带亚热带植物学报), 13,149-153. (in the Chinese with English abstract).
[25]	Wsahitani I, Ishihama F, Matsumura C, Nagai M, Nishihiro J, Ajima M (2005) Conservation ecology of Primula sieboldii: synthesis of information towards the prediction of the genetic/demographic fate of a population. Plant Species Biology, 20,3-15.
[26]	Xue DW, Ge XJ, Hao G, Zhang CQ (2004) High genetic diversity in a rare, narrowly endemic Primrose species: Primula interjacens by ISSR analysis. Acta Botanica Sinica, 46,1163-1169.

群体编号 Population No.	地点 Origin	经纬度 Locality	海拔 Altitude (m)	生境 Habitat
CSM 1	大理苍山 Cangshan Mountains, Dali	25°41'165" N 100°06'403" E	3,330	山坡杜鹃林下, 北向 Slope, under Rhododendron shrubs, facing north
CSM 2	大理苍山 Cangshan Mountains, Dali	25°41'749" N 100°06'557" E	2,800	干燥山坡坡地, 杜鹃林缘, 西向 Dry slope, beneath Rhododendron shrubs, facing west
MX	漾濞美翕 Meixi, Yangbi	25°43'213" N 100°03'175" E	3,050	山间开敞坡地, 林缘, 西向 Grassy slope, beneath the woodlands, facing west
TCL	云龙天池 Tianchi Lake, Yunlong	25°51'422" N 99°19'389" E	2,330	干燥坡地, 乔木林下, 东南向 Dry slope, under the woodlands, facing southeast
LDP	丽江梨地坪 Lidiping, Lijiang	27°12'389" N 99°24'478" E	3,400	山坡坡地, 南向 Grassy slope, facing south
PTG	维西攀天阁 Pantiange, Weixi	27°20'983" N 99°11'976" E	2,900	开阔缓坡, 沼泽地, 南向 Moist meadow, facing south
SBM	双柏百竹山 Baizhu Mountain, Shuangbai	24°33'404" N 100°48'615" E	2,500	山顶开阔地带, 潮湿林缘, 东南向 Open forest, moist, beneath the woodlands, facing southeast
YLM	丽江玉龙雪山 Yulong Mountains, Lijiang	27°07'791'' N 100°15'114'' E	2,800	山坡杜鹃林下, 东北向 Slope, under Rhododendron shrubs, facing northeast
SCH	景东山厂河 Shanchanghe, Jingdong	24°18'151" N 100°43'882" E	2,210	干燥的开阔地带, 北向 Dry slope, facing north
ZZ	腾冲自治 Zizhi, Tengchong	26°34'309" N 99°53'572" E	2,500	开阔地带, 干燥, 南向 Open forest, dry, facing south

群体编号 Population No.	地点 Origin	经纬度 Locality	海拔 Altitude (m)	生境 Habitat
CSM 1	大理苍山 Cangshan Mountains, Dali	25°41'165" N 100°06'403" E	3,330	山坡杜鹃林下, 北向 Slope, under Rhododendron shrubs, facing north
CSM 2	大理苍山 Cangshan Mountains, Dali	25°41'749" N 100°06'557" E	2,800	干燥山坡坡地, 杜鹃林缘, 西向 Dry slope, beneath Rhododendron shrubs, facing west
MX	漾濞美翕 Meixi, Yangbi	25°43'213" N 100°03'175" E	3,050	山间开敞坡地, 林缘, 西向 Grassy slope, beneath the woodlands, facing west
TCL	云龙天池 Tianchi Lake, Yunlong	25°51'422" N 99°19'389" E	2,330	干燥坡地, 乔木林下, 东南向 Dry slope, under the woodlands, facing southeast
LDP	丽江梨地坪 Lidiping, Lijiang	27°12'389" N 99°24'478" E	3,400	山坡坡地, 南向 Grassy slope, facing south
PTG	维西攀天阁 Pantiange, Weixi	27°20'983" N 99°11'976" E	2,900	开阔缓坡, 沼泽地, 南向 Moist meadow, facing south
SBM	双柏百竹山 Baizhu Mountain, Shuangbai	24°33'404" N 100°48'615" E	2,500	山顶开阔地带, 潮湿林缘, 东南向 Open forest, moist, beneath the woodlands, facing southeast
YLM	丽江玉龙雪山 Yulong Mountains, Lijiang	27°07'791'' N 100°15'114'' E	2,800	山坡杜鹃林下, 东北向 Slope, under Rhododendron shrubs, facing northeast
SCH	景东山厂河 Shanchanghe, Jingdong	24°18'151" N 100°43'882" E	2,210	干燥的开阔地带, 北向 Dry slope, facing north
ZZ	腾冲自治 Zizhi, Tengchong	26°34'309" N 99°53'572" E	2,500	开阔地带, 干燥, 南向 Open forest, dry, facing south

	株高 Plant height	冠幅 Rosette width	叶丛高 Rosette height	最长叶长 Longest leaf length	最长叶宽 Longest leaf width	花序直径 Flower diameter	花梗长度 Flower stalk length
冠幅 Rosette width	0.122
叶丛高 Rosette height	0.056	-0.511
最长叶长 Longest leaf length	-0.157	0.053	0.645*
最长叶宽 Longest leaf width	0.562	-0.399	-0.017	-0.335
花序直径 Flower diameter	-0.396	-0.448	0.281	0.100	-0.417
花梗长度 Flower stalk length	0.696*	-0.006	0.193	0.079	0.496	-0.219
种子千粒重 Thousand seeds mass	0.316	0.079	0.293	0.140	-0.069	0.016	0.463

	株高 Plant height	冠幅 Rosette width	叶丛高 Rosette height	最长叶长 Longest leaf length	最长叶宽 Longest leaf width	花序直径 Flower diameter	花梗长度 Flower stalk length
冠幅 Rosette width	0.122
叶丛高 Rosette height	0.056	-0.511
最长叶长 Longest leaf length	-0.157	0.053	0.645*
最长叶宽 Longest leaf width	0.562	-0.399	-0.017	-0.335
花序直径 Flower diameter	-0.396	-0.448	0.281	0.100	-0.417
花梗长度 Flower stalk length	0.696*	-0.006	0.193	0.079	0.496	-0.219
种子千粒重 Thousand seeds mass	0.316	0.079	0.293	0.140	-0.069	0.016	0.463

群体编号 Population	变异系数 CV (%)
群体编号 Population	株高 Plant height	冠幅 Rosette width	叶丛高 Rosette height	最长叶长 Longest leaf length	最长叶宽 Longest leaf width	花序直径 Flower diameter	花梗长度 Flower stalk length	种子千粒重 Thousand seeds mass	平均 Average
CSM 1	11.51	10.28	6.88	10.12	6.62	16.64	5.17	5.04	9.03
CSM 2	8.56	9.45	6.32	5.26	4.57	11.43	3.98	3.77	6.67
MX	5.92	4.92	5.32	4.78	6.82	3.34	3.76	2.95	4.73
TCL	8.65	13.47	7.18	6.51	7.34	17.68	4.77	6.07	8.96
LDP	8.16	9.05	5.98	4.77	3.49	10.57	4.99	3.52	6.32
PTG	15.26	12.62	8.76	7.99	6.48	15.24	6.14	6.68	9.90
SBM	4.55	4.17	4.75	4.14	3.49	12.58	3.59	4.02	5.16
YLM	7.96	8.14	7.82	4.62	2.32	7.78	2.86	3.25	5.59
SCH	8.54	8.26	6.51	3.35	4.48	4.39	4.09	3.88	5.44
ZZ	13.49	10.86	8.13	9.33	4.58	13.46	5.61	6.29	8.97