Abstract:

Aims: Based on survey data on bryophytes in Beijing, this study analyses their diversity characteristics and distribution patterns, with the aim of providing a basis for the conservation and sustainable use of bryophyte biological resources. 

Method: The entire Beijing municipality was divided into 212 grids, each measuring 10 km × 10 km. Field surveys were conducted within each grid to collect data on bryophytes, which were then used to study and analyze the diversity and spatial distribution patterns of bryophytes in the city. 

Results: The results show that Beijing has 55 families, 120 genera, 306 species, 3 varieties, and 1 subspecies of bryophytes. Among these, liverworts comprise 17 families, 26 genera, 56 species, 1 variety, and 1 subspecies; hornworts comprise 1 family, 1 genus, and 1 species; and mosses comprise 37 families, 93 genera, 249 species, and 2 varieties. Seven families, 23 genera, and 124 species were recorded for the first time in the region; 14 species are endemic to China; and three species are listed as endangered in the China IUCN Red List. The bryophyte flora of the Beijing region is predominantly composed of temperate elements. Overall, the most species-rich areas for bryophytes in the Beijing region are concentrated in the northwestern and northern mountainous areas, which harbor more than 90% of the species. Bryophyte species diversity follows a trend of northern and western mountainous areas > central mountainous areas > southern and eastern plains > central urban areas; species distribution is uneven across grids, with only 3 grids (1.42%) containing more than 50 species; Species found at elevations above 100 meters account for over 97% of the total species count. 

Conclusions: This is the first grid-based survey of bryophytes across an entire city, and it is of significant ecological and scientific value. The findings have essentially established a framework for understanding the distribution patterns of bryophyte diversity in Beijing. Natural disasters caused by extreme weather and human activities such as urban development have had a significant impact on the diversity of bryophytes. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen management in accordance with the law, continue species monitoring, and include bryophytes in the “List of Key Protected Plants of Beijing”.

Key words: bryophyte, species diversity, grids, distribution, Beijing.