Biodiv Sci ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22495. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022495
Special Issue: 物种形成与系统进化
• Original Papers: Plant Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Lisong Wang1, Qingqing Zhan2, Jingping Liao2, Hongwen Huang1,2,*()
Received:
2022-08-28
Accepted:
2022-10-15
Online:
2023-02-20
Published:
2023-01-13
Contact:
*Hongwen Huang, E-mail: huanghw@scbg.ac.cn
Lisong Wang, Qingqing Zhan, Jingping Liao, Hongwen Huang. Vascular plant diversity of National Key Protected Wild Plants, threatened species, and endemic species ex situ conserved in botanic gardens of China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(2): 22495.
Fig. 1 Composition of ex situ conservation on National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China (A); and the species number and proportion of ex situ conserved and gap for NKPWP (B), threatened species (C), and species endemic to China (D).
类群 Taxon | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species |
---|---|---|---|
蕨类 Pterydophyte | 28/34 (82%) | 71/164 (43%) | 324/2,064 (16%) |
裸子植物 Gymnosperm | 8/8 (100%) | 33/36 (92%) | 133/237 (56%) |
被子植物 Angiosperm | 229/305 (75%) | 1,167/2,842 (41%) | 6,684/28,609 (23%) |
总计 Total | 265/347 (76%) | 1,271/3,042 (42%) | 7,141/30,910 (23%) |
Table 1 Taxonomic diversity of conserved National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China (bold) that compared with vascular plants in China (Wang et al, 2018) (number of taxa and percentage)
类群 Taxon | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species |
---|---|---|---|
蕨类 Pterydophyte | 28/34 (82%) | 71/164 (43%) | 324/2,064 (16%) |
裸子植物 Gymnosperm | 8/8 (100%) | 33/36 (92%) | 133/237 (56%) |
被子植物 Angiosperm | 229/305 (75%) | 1,167/2,842 (41%) | 6,684/28,609 (23%) |
总计 Total | 265/347 (76%) | 1,271/3,042 (42%) | 7,141/30,910 (23%) |
Fig. 2 The composition of growth form on ex situ conserved National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China (right), and their distribution in each garden (left). The full name and related data that corresponding to each garden’s abbreviated code (labels on Y-axis) see Appendix 1.
Fig. 3 Species similarity for ex situ conserved National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index (top left) and Jaccard similarity coefficient (bottom right) and heatmap of pairwise comparisons among botanic gardens (threatened species), the results for NKPWP and species endemic to China are quite similar, maps not showing here; embedded box-plot indicate the distribution of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index for the three plant groups, all analyses excluded botanic gardens that species numbers ≤10. The full name and related data that corresponding to each garden’s abbreviated code (labels on X and Y-axis) see Appendix 1.
[1] |
Beech E, Rivers M, Oldfield S, Smith PP (2017) GlobalTreeSearch: The first complete global database of tree species and country distributions. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36, 454-489.
DOI URL |
[2] |
Borsch T, Berendsohn W, Dalcin E, Delmas M, Demissew S, Elliott A, Fritsch P, Fuchs A, Geltman D, Güner A, Haevermans T, Knapp S, Roux MM, Loizeau PA, Miller C, Miller J, Miller JT, Palese R, Paton A, Parnell J, Pendry C, Qin HN, Sosa V, Sosef M, Raab-Straube E, Ranwashe F, Raz L, Salimov R, Smets E, Thiers B, Thomas W, Tulig M, Ulate W, Ung V, Watson M, Jackson PW, Zamora N (2020) World Flora Online: Placing taxonomists at the heart of a definitive and comprehensive global resource on the world’s plants. Taxon, 69, 1311-1341.
DOI URL |
[3] |
Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs, 27, 325-349.
DOI URL |
[4] |
Chase MW, Reveal JL (2009) A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 122-127.
DOI URL |
[5] | Chen LZ, Sun H, Guo K (2015) Flora and Vegetation Geography of China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[陈灵芝, 孙航, 郭柯 (2015) 中国植物区系与植被地理. 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[6] |
Cracraft J (2002) The seven great questions of systematic biology: An essential foundation for conservation and the sustainable use of biodiversity. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89, 127-144.
DOI URL |
[7] |
Crane PR (2019) An evolutionary and cultural biography of ginkgo. Plants, People, Planet, 1, 32-37.
DOI URL |
[8] |
Daru BH, Farooq H, Antonelli A, Faurby S (2020) Endemism patterns are scale dependent. Nature Communications, 11, 2115.
DOI PMID |
[9] |
Díaz S, Zafra-Calvo N, Purvis A, Verburg PH, Obura D, Leadley P, Chaplin-Kramer R, De Meester L, Dulloo E, Martín-López B, Shaw MR, Visconti P, Broadgate W, Bruford MW, Burgess ND, Cavender-Bares J, DeClerck F, Fernández-Palacios JM, Garibaldi LA, Hill SLL, Isbell F, Khoury CK, Krug CB, Liu JG, Maron M, McGowan PJK, Pereira HM, Reyes-García V, Rocha J, Rondinini C, Shannon L, Shin YJ, Snelgrove PVR, Spehn EM, Strassburg B, Subramanian SM, Tewksbury JJ, Watson JEM, Zanne AE (2020) Set ambitious goals for biodiversity and sustainability. Science, 370, 411-413.
DOI PMID |
[10] | Delectis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Agendae Academiae Sinicae Edita (1959- 2004) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Tomus 1-80). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[中国植物志编辑委员会 (1959- 2004) 中国植物志 (第1-80卷). 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[11] |
Dosmann M, Tredici PD (2003) Plant introduction, distribution, and survival: A case study of the 1980 Sino- American botanical expedition. BioScience, 53, 588-597.
DOI URL |
[12] |
Edwards CE, Jackson PW (2019) The development of plant conservation in botanic gardens and the current and future role of conservation genetics for enhancing those conservation efforts. Molecular Frontiers Journal, 3, 44-65.
DOI URL |
[13] | Ellis EC, Gauthier N, Klein Goldewijk K, Bliege Bird R, Boivin N, Díaz S, Fuller DQ, Gill JL, Kaplan JO, Kingston N, Locke H, McMichael CNH, Ranco D, Rick TC, Shaw MR, Stephens L, Svenning JC, Watson JEM (2021) People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 118, e2023483118. |
[14] |
Engemann K, Sandel B, Boyle B, Enquist BJ, Jørgensen PM, Kattge J, McGill BJ, Morueta-Holme N, Peet RK, Spencer NJ, Violle C, Wiser SK, Svenning JC (2016) A plant growth form dataset for the New World. Ecology, 97, 3243.
DOI PMID |
[15] | Fang JY, Wang ZH, Tang ZY (2009) Atlas of Woody Plants in China. Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[方精云, 王志恒, 唐志尧 (2009) 中国木本植物分布图集. 高等教育出版社, 北京.] | |
[16] | Freiberg M, Winter M, Gentile A, Zizka A, Muellner-Riehl AN, Weigelt A, Wirth C (2020) LCVP, The Leipzig Catalogue of Vascular Plants, a new taxonomic reference list for all known vascular plants. Scientific Data, 7, 416. |
[17] | Gladfelter HJ, Yadav LK, Merkle SA, Wilde HD (2020) Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Franklinia alatamaha, a tree species existing only in cultivation. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 16, 60. |
[18] |
Govaerts R (2001) How many species of seed plants are there? Taxon, 50, 1085-1090.
DOI URL |
[19] |
Govaerts R, Nic Lughadha E, Black N, Turner R, Paton A (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Scientific Data, 8, 215.
DOI PMID |
[20] |
Grenié M, Berti E, Carvajal-Quintero J, Dädlow GML, Sagouis A, Winter M (2022) Harmonizing taxon names in biodiversity data: A review of tools, databases and best practices. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 14, 12-25.
DOI URL |
[21] |
Gu ZG, Eils R, Schlesner M (2016) Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional genomic data. Bioinformatics, 32, 2847-2849.
DOI PMID |
[22] | Heberling JM, Miller JT, Noesgaard D, Weingart SB, Schigel D (2021) Data integration enables global biodiversity synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 118, e2018093118. |
[23] | Heywood VH (2008) Botanic Gardens as Introduction Centers for Plants of Economic Importance―A Reappraisal. Proceedings of the Third Global Botanical Gardens Congress, pp. 16-20. |
[24] |
Heywood VH (2011) The role of botanic gardens as resource and introduction centres in the face of global change. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20, 221-239.
DOI URL |
[25] |
Heywood VH (2017a) Plant conservation in the Anthropocene: Challenges and future prospects. Plant Diversity, 39, 314-330.
DOI URL |
[26] |
Heywood VH (2017b) The future of plant conservation and the role of botanic gardens. Plant Diversity, 39, 309-313.
DOI URL |
[27] |
Hill AW (1915) The history and functions of botanic gardens. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2, 185-240.
DOI URL |
[28] |
Hortal J, de Bello F, Diniz-Filho JAF, Lewinsohn TM, Lobo JM, Ladle RJ (2015) Seven shortfalls that beset large-scale knowledge of biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 46, 523-549.
DOI |
[29] |
Huang HW (2011) Plant diversity and conservation in China: Planning a strategic bioresource for a sustainable future. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 282-300.
PMID |
[30] | Huang HW (2014) A Checklist of Ex Situ Cultivated Plants of China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[黄宏文 (2014) 中国迁地栽培植物志名录. 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[31] | Huang HW (2014- 2021) Ex situ Flora of China, Vol. 1-22. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[黄宏文 (2014- 2021) 中国迁地植物志(1-22卷). 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[32] | Huang HW (2017a) Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora, Vol. 1-12. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[黄宏文 (2017a) 中国迁地栽培植物大全(1-12卷). 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[33] |
Huang HW (2017b) “Science, art and responsibility”: The scientific and social functional changes of a 500-year history of botanical gardens. I. Artistic appearance. Biodiversity Science, 25, 924-933. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[黄宏文 (2017b) “艺术的外貌、科学的内涵、使命的担当”——植物园500年来的科研与社会功能变迁(一): 艺术的外貌. 生物多样性, 25, 924-933.] | |
[34] | Huang HW (2018a) The Principle and Practice of Ex Situ Plant Conservation. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[黄宏文 (2018a) 植物迁地保育原理与实践. 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[35] |
Huang HW (2018b) “Science, art and responsibility”: The scientific and social function changes of a 500-year history of botanical gardens. II. Intension of sciences. Biodiversity Science, 26, 304-314. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[黄宏文 (2018b) “艺术的外貌、科学的内涵、使命的担当”——植物园500年来的科研与社会功能变迁(二): 科学的内涵. 生物多样性, 26, 304-314.] | |
[36] |
Huang HW, Liao JP (2022) On China’s national botanical gardens: Building a comprehensive system of ex situ conservation of national botanical gardens with task oriented disciplines. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22220. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[黄宏文, 廖景平 (2022) 论我国国家植物园体系建设: 以任务带学科构建国家植物园迁地保护综合体系. 生物多样性, 30, 22220.]
DOI |
|
[37] |
Huang HW, Liao JP, Zhang Z, Zhan QQ (2017) Ex situ flora of China. Plant Diversity, 39, 357-364.
DOI URL |
[38] | Huang HW, Oldfield S, Qian H (2013) Global significance of plant diversity in China. In: Plants of China: A Companion to the Flora of China (Chapter 2). (eds Hong DY, Blackmore S), pp. 7-31. Science Press, Beijing. |
[39] | IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. |
[40] | IUCN (2020) Plant and Fungal Growth Forms Classification Scheme Version:1.1. (https://nc.iucnredlist.org/redlist/content/attachment_files/jul_2020_plant_and_fungal_growth_forms_classification_scheme.pdf). (accessed on 2022-06-01) |
[41] |
Jin Y, Qian H (2022) V.PhyloMaker2: An updated and enlarged R package that can generate very large phylogenies for vascular plants. Plant Diversity, 44, 335-339.
DOI |
[42] | Joppa LN, Roberts DL, Pimm SL (2011) How many species of flowering plants are there? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278, 554-559. |
[43] |
Kattge J, Bönisch G, Díaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice IC, Leadley P, Tautenhahn S, Werner GDA, Aakala T. et al. (omitted remaining 720 coauthors for concise) (2020) TRY plant trait database—Enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology, 26, 119-188.
DOI PMID |
[44] | Kindt R (2020) WorldFlora: An R package for exact and fuzzy matching of plant names against the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone data. Applications in Plant Sciences, 8, e11388. |
[45] | Kramer A, Hird A, Dosmann M, Mims R, Shaw K (2011) Conserving North America’s threatened plants: Progress report on Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Botanic Gardens Conservation International US. |
[46] | Lin QW (2017) Catalogue of Cultivated Plants in China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[林秦文 (2017) 中国栽培植物名录. 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[47] |
Liu B, Qin HN (2022) Recent advances in the national inventory of higher plant species in China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22397. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[刘冰, 覃海宁 (2022) 中国高等植物多样性编目进展. 生物多样性, 30, 22397.] | |
[48] |
Lu MY, He FL (2017) Estimating regional species richness: The case of China’s vascular plant species. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 26, 835-845.
DOI URL |
[49] |
Lu ZL, Qin HN, Jin XH, Zhang ZX, Yang QW, Hong DY, Li DZ, Li KF, Yuan LC, Zhou ZH (2021) On the necessity, principle, and process of updating the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1577-1582. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[鲁兆莉, 覃海宁, 金效华, 张志翔, 杨庆文, 洪德元, 李德铢, 李开凡, 袁良琛, 周志华 (2021) 《国家重点保护野生植物名录》调整的必要性、原则和程序. 生物多样性, 29, 1577-1582.]
DOI |
|
[50] |
Lughadha EN, Govaerts R, Belyaeva I, Black N, Lindon H, Allkin R, Magill RE, Nicolson N (2016) Counting counts: Revised estimates of numbers of accepted species of flowering plants, seed plants, vascular plants and land plants with a review of other recent estimates. Phytotaxa, 272, 82.
DOI URL |
[51] | Ma KP, Shen XL, Grumbine RE, Corlett R (2017) China’s biodiversity conservation research in progress. Biological Conservation, 210, 1-2. |
[52] | Mi XC, Feng G, Zhang J, Hu YB, Zhu L, Ma KP (2021) Review on biodiversity science in China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 36, 384-398. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[米湘成, 冯刚, 张健, 胡义波, 朱丽, 马克平 (2021) 中国生物多样性科学研究进展评述. 中国科学院院刊, 36, 384-398.] | |
[53] |
Mounce R, Smith P, Brockington S (2017) Ex situ conservation of plant diversity in the world’s botanic gardens. Nature Plants, 3, 795-802.
DOI PMID |
[54] |
Nic Lughadha E, Bachman SP, Leão TCC, Forest F, Halley JM, Moat J, Acedo C, Bacon KL, Brewer RFA, Gâteblé G, Gonçalves SC, Govaerts R, Hollingsworth PM, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Lirio EJ, Moore PGP, Negrão R, Onana JM, Rajaovelona LR, Razanajatovo H, Reich PB, Richards SL, Rivers MC, Cooper A, Iganci J, Lewis GP, Smidt EC, Antonelli A, Mueller GM, Walker BE (2020) Extinction risk and threats to plants and fungi. Plants, People, Planet, 2, 389-408.
DOI URL |
[55] |
Obura DO, Katerere Y, Mayet M, Kaelo D, Msweli S, Mather K, Harris J, Louis M, Kramer R, Teferi T, Samoilys M, Lewis L, Bennie A, Kumah F, Isaacs M, Nantongo P (2021) Integrate biodiversity targets from local to global levels. Science, 373, 746-748.
DOI PMID |
[56] | Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, O’Hara B, Simpson L, Solymos P, Stevens M, Henry H, Wagner H (2016) vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.3-4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan. (accessed on 2022-06-01) |
[57] | Paton A, Brummitt N, Govaerts R, Harman K, Hinchcliffe S, Allkin B, Lughadha EN (2008) Towards Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: A working list of all known plant species—Progress and prospects. Taxon, 57, 602-611. |
[58] | Perez TM, Valverde-Barrantes O, Bravo C, Taylor TC, Fadrique B, Hogan JA, Pardo CJ, Stroud JT, Baraloto C, Feeley KJ (2019) Botanic gardens are an untapped resource for studying the functional ecology of tropical plants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 374, 20170390. |
[59] | Pierre L, Louis L (2012) Numerical Ecology, 3rd. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. |
[60] | POWO (2022) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/. (accessed on 2022-04-01) |
[61] |
Primack RB, Ellwood ER, Gallinat AS, Miller-Rushing AJ (2021) The growing and vital role of botanical gardens in climate change research. New Phytologist, 231, 917-932.
DOI PMID |
[62] |
Primack RB, Miller-Rushing AJ (2009) The role of botanical gardens in climate change research. New Phytologist, 182, 303-313.
DOI PMID |
[63] | Qian H, Deng T, Jin Y, Mao LF, Zhao D, Ricklefs RE (2019) Phylogenetic dispersion and diversity in regional assemblages of seed plants in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116, 23192-23201. |
[64] |
Qin HN, Yang Y, Dong SY, He Q, Jia Y, Zhao LN, Yu SX, Liu HY, Liu B, Yan YH, Xiang JY, Xia NH, Peng H, Li ZY, Zhang ZX, He XJ, Yin LK, Lin YL, Liu QR, Hou YT, Liu Y, Liu QX, Cao W, Li JQ, Chen SL, Jin XH, Gao TG, Chen WL, Ma HY, Geng YY, Jin XF, Chang CY, Jiang H, Cai L, Zang CX, Wu JY, Ye JF, Lai YJ, Liu B, Lin QW, Xue NX (2017) Threatened species list of China’s higher plants. Biodiversity Science, 25, 696-744. (in Chinese and in English)
DOI URL |
[覃海宁, 杨永, 董仕勇, 何强, 贾渝, 赵莉娜, 于胜祥, 刘慧圆, 刘博, 严岳鸿, 向建英, 夏念和, 彭华, 李振宇, 张志翔, 何兴金, 尹林克, 林余霖, 刘全儒, 侯元同, 刘演, 刘启新, 曹伟, 李建强, 陈世龙, 金效华, 高天刚, 陈文俐, 马海英, 耿玉英, 金孝锋, 常朝阳, 蒋宏, 蔡蕾, 臧春鑫, 武建勇, 叶建飞, 赖阳均, 刘冰, 林秦文, 薛纳新 (2017) 中国高等植物受威胁物种名录. 生物多样性, 25, 696-744.]
DOI |
|
[65] |
Raven PH (2021) Biodiversity science in China. National Science Review, 8, nwab097.
DOI URL |
[66] |
Ren H, Wen XY, Liao JP, Zheng XC, Yang M, Zhou J (2022) The view on functional changes of botanical gardens and the establishment of China’s national botanical garden system. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22113. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[任海, 文香英, 廖景平, 郑祥慈, 杨明, 周桔 (2022) 试论植物园功能变迁与中国国家植物园体系建设. 生物多样性, 30, 22113.]
DOI |
|
[67] |
Revell LJ (2012) Phytools: An R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 217-223.
DOI URL |
[68] |
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2020) State of the World’s Plants and Fugi 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. doi: htps://doi.org/10.34885/172. (accessed on 2022-06-01)
DOI |
[69] |
Sharrock S, Jones M (2011) Saving Europe’s threatened flora: Progress towards GSPC Target 8 in Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20, 325-333.
DOI URL |
[70] |
Silveira FAO, Teixido AL, Zanetti M, Pádua JG, de Andrade ACS, da Costa MLN (2018) Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: A strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Rodriguésia, 69, 1547-1555.
DOI URL |
[71] |
Tang CQ, Yang YC, Ohsawa M, Momohara A, Hara M, Cheng SL, Fan SH (2011) Population structure of relict Metasequoia glyptostroboides and its habitat fragmentation and degradation in south-central China. Biological Conservation, 144, 279-289.
DOI URL |
[72] | Taseski GM, Beloe CJ, Gallagher RV, Chan JY, Dalrymple RL, Cornwell WK (2019) A global growth-form database for 143,616 vascular plant species. Ecology, 100, e02614. |
[73] | Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Kusber W-H, Li DZ, Marhold K, May TW, McNeill J, Monro AM, Prado J, Price MJ, Smith GF (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. |
[74] |
Wan X, Zhang LB (2022) Global new taxa of vascular plants published in 2021. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22116. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[万霞, 张丽兵 (2022) 世界维管植物新分类群2021年度报告. 生物多样性, 30, 22116.] | |
[75] |
Wang LS, Jia Y, Zhang XC, Qin HN (2015) Overview of higher plant diversity in China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 217-224. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[王利松, 贾渝, 张宪春, 覃海宁 (2015) 中国高等植物多样性. 生物多样性, 23, 217-224.]
DOI |
|
[76] | Wang LS, Jia Y, Zhang XC, Qin HN (2018) Species Catalogue of China (Vol. 1): Plants. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[王利松, 贾渝, 张宪春, 覃海宁 (2018) 中国生物物种名录(第一卷): 植物总名录. 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[77] |
Wang W, Li JS (2021) In-situ conservation of biodiversity in China: Advances and prospects. Biodiversity Science, 29, 133-149. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[王伟, 李俊生 (2021) 中国生物多样性就地保护成效与展望. 生物多样性, 29, 133-149.] | |
[78] |
Webb CO (2000) Exploring the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities: An example for rain forest trees. The American Naturalist, 156, 145-155.
DOI PMID |
[79] |
Webb CO, Ackerly DD, McPeek MA, Donoghue MJ (2002) Phylogenies and community ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33, 475-505.
DOI URL |
[80] |
Westwood M, Cavender N, Meyer A, Smith P (2021) Botanic garden solutions to the plant extinction crisis. Plants, People, Planet, 3, 22-32.
DOI URL |
[81] | Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (1994- 2013) Flora of China, Vols. 1-25. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. |
[82] |
Yang J, Cai L, Liu DT, Chen G, Gratzfeld J, Sun WB (2020) China’s conservation program on Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP): Progress and perspectives. Biological Conservation, 244, 108535.
DOI URL |
[83] |
Zheng JY, Yin YH, Li BY (2010) A new scheme for climate regionalization in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 65, 3-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[郑景云, 尹云鹤, 李炳元 (2010) 中国气候区划新方案. 地理学报, 65, 3-12.] |
[1] | Hai Ren, Tuo He, Shifeng Wen, Hui Dong. The main features of the world-class national botanical garden with Chinese characteristics [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(9): 23192-. |
[2] | Shifeng Wen, Zhihua Zhou, Tuo He, Hui Dong, Liangchen Yuan, Zeyang Lu, Yongteng Wang, Lin Guo, Jiangping Shu, Kaifan Li. Formulating the National Botanical Garden System Layout Plan of China: Background, procedures, ideas and key considerations [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(9): 23193-. |
[3] | Chen Feng, Jie Zhang, Hongwen Huang. Parallel situ conservation: A new plant conservation strategy to integrate in situ and ex situ conservation of plants [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(9): 23184-. |
[4] | Weiqi Xu, Yue Li, Haijiao Li, Dongmei Liu, Ning Yang, Qi Zhang, Shuanghui He. Species diversity and resource evaluation of macrofungi in Beijing [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(10): 23196-. |
[5] | Zaifu Xu. The “principle of plan as a whole” for the national botanical gardens’ constructive system [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(1): 22470-. |
[6] | Chunpeng Guo, Maojun Zhong, Xiaoyi Wang, Shengnan Yang, Ke Tang, Lele Jia, Chunlan Zhang, Junhua Hu. An updated species checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(8): 22090-. |
[7] | Yunrui Ji, Xuelei Wei, Guofeng Zhang, Minggui Xiang, Yongchao Wang, Renhu Gong, Yang Hu, Diqiang Li, Fang Liu. Diversity and composition of bird species in the Hubei Wufeng Houhe National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(7): 21475-. |
[8] | Taohua Yuan, Meijun Li, Liuyi Ren, Rongxin Huang, Yi Chen, Xinxiang Bai. A dataset on the diversity and geographical distributions of wild Impatiens in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 22019-. |
[9] | Hai Ren, Xiangying Wen, Jingping Liao, Xiangci Zheng, Ming Yang, Ju Zhou. The view on functional changes of botanical gardens and the establishment of China’s national botanical garden system [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(4): 22113-. |
[10] | Jiejie Cheng, Meijun Li, Taohua Yuan, Hong Huang, Guili Yang, Xinxiang Bai. A dataset on wild Rhododendron and geographical distribution information in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(9): 1175-1180. |
[11] | Yong Yang, Chao Tan, Zhi Yang. Conservation of gymnosperms in China: Perspectives from the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(12): 1591-1598. |
[12] | Zhihua Zhou, Xiaohua Jin. Analysis and suggestions on policies and regulations on conservation and management of wild plants in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(12): 1583-1590. |
[13] | Zhaoli Lu, Haining Qin, Xiaohua Jin, Zhixiang Zhang, Qingwen Yang, Deyuan Hong, Dezhu Li, Kaifan Li, Liangchen Yuan, Zhihua Zhou. On the necessity, principle, and process of updating the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(12): 1577-1582. |
[14] | Yong Yang. An updated red list assessment of gymnosperms from China (Version 2021) [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(12): 1599-1606. |
[15] | Mengxia Wang, Xinyi Chen, Jie Zhang, Yuhang Song, Juan Yang. Biodiversity of Chordata in the Philippine Sea: A case study based on OBIS [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(11): 1481-1489. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 Biodiversity Science
Editorial Office of Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
Tel: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn