Biodiv Sci ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1271-1278. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021287
• Special Feature: Ecosystem Authenticity and Integrity • Next Articles
Zhicong Zhao1,2, Rui Yang1,2,*()
Received:
2021-07-19
Accepted:
2021-10-25
Online:
2021-10-20
Published:
2021-10-20
Contact:
Rui Yang
Zhicong Zhao, Rui Yang. The concept of national park authenticity and integrity in China and its evaluation framework[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(10): 1271-1278.
一级指标 Level 1 indicators | 二级指标举例 Examples of Level 2 indicators | 方法 Methods | |
---|---|---|---|
国家公园原真性 National park authenticity | 自然度 Naturalness | 高质量荒野占比; 自然生境占比; 荒野退化/增加幅度 Percentage of high quality wilderness; percentage of natural habitat; rate of wilderness degradation/increase | 基于遥感影像的判别、监测、制图、运算、模拟; 基于田野调查的识别、监测、实测、判定; 基于历史文献与数据的分析 Identification, monitoring, mapping, arithmetic, and simulation based on remote sensing images; identification, monitoring, actual measurement, and determination based on field surveys; analysis based on historical documents and data. |
气候变化强度 Intensity of climate change | 极端天气出现频率; 冰川融化速率; 林线高度变化量; 雪线高度变化量 Frequency of extreme weather; rate of glacier melt; forest line height change; snow line height change | ||
人类干扰程度 Degree of human interference | 土地利用变化; 人工设施用地占比; 人工设施或设施用地增幅/降幅; 污染物(类型、量、变化程度) Land use change; percentage of land used for man-made facilities; rate of increase/decrease in artificial facilities or facility land use; pollutants (type, amount, degree of change) | ||
传统文化及其载体的真实性 Authenticity of traditional culture and its carriers | 传统文化及其载体是否以原真的方式存在 Whether traditional culture and its carriers exist in an authentic manner | 观察、访谈、田野调查 Observations, interviews, fieldwork | |
人与自然和谐关系的原真性 Authenticity of the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature | 传统生计是否以原真的方式维持; 原住民对于自然的观念、行为是否以原真的方式维持 Whether traditional livelihoods are maintained in an authentic manner; whether indigenous perceptions and behaviors towards nature are maintained in an original way | ||
国家公园完整性 National park integrity | 生态系统组成完整性 Ecosystem composition integrity | 本地重要物种是否被包括; 物种丰富度; 种群数量; 种群动态 Whether locally important species are included; species richness; population size; population dynamics | 基于遥感影像的判别、监测、制图、运算、模拟; 基于田野调查的识别、监测、判定 Identification, monitoring, mapping, arithmetic, and simulation based on remote sensing images; identification, monitoring, actual measurement, and determination based on field surveys |
生态系统结构完整性 Ecosystem structural integrity | 营养结构; 生境质量 Nutrient structure; habitat quality | ||
生态系统功能完整性 Ecosystem functional integrity | 演替; 营养级; 分解能力; 生态系统服务功能 Succession; trophic levels; decomposition capacity; ecosystem service functions | ||
景观组成要素完整性 Landscape composition integrity | 地质地貌价值载体是否被完整包括; 构成价值的河流的源头是否被有效保护 Whether geomorphic resources are included in their entirety; whether the source of the river that constitutes the value is effectively protected | ||
文化景观的完整性 Cultural landscape integrity | 传统保护边界是否完整纳入; 原住民传统组织结构是否被分割 Whether traditional conservation boundaries are included intact; whether the traditional organizational structure of the indigenous people is divided | 观察、访谈、田野调查 Observations, interviews, fieldwork |
Table 1 Framework for evaluating the authenticity and integrity of China's national parks
一级指标 Level 1 indicators | 二级指标举例 Examples of Level 2 indicators | 方法 Methods | |
---|---|---|---|
国家公园原真性 National park authenticity | 自然度 Naturalness | 高质量荒野占比; 自然生境占比; 荒野退化/增加幅度 Percentage of high quality wilderness; percentage of natural habitat; rate of wilderness degradation/increase | 基于遥感影像的判别、监测、制图、运算、模拟; 基于田野调查的识别、监测、实测、判定; 基于历史文献与数据的分析 Identification, monitoring, mapping, arithmetic, and simulation based on remote sensing images; identification, monitoring, actual measurement, and determination based on field surveys; analysis based on historical documents and data. |
气候变化强度 Intensity of climate change | 极端天气出现频率; 冰川融化速率; 林线高度变化量; 雪线高度变化量 Frequency of extreme weather; rate of glacier melt; forest line height change; snow line height change | ||
人类干扰程度 Degree of human interference | 土地利用变化; 人工设施用地占比; 人工设施或设施用地增幅/降幅; 污染物(类型、量、变化程度) Land use change; percentage of land used for man-made facilities; rate of increase/decrease in artificial facilities or facility land use; pollutants (type, amount, degree of change) | ||
传统文化及其载体的真实性 Authenticity of traditional culture and its carriers | 传统文化及其载体是否以原真的方式存在 Whether traditional culture and its carriers exist in an authentic manner | 观察、访谈、田野调查 Observations, interviews, fieldwork | |
人与自然和谐关系的原真性 Authenticity of the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature | 传统生计是否以原真的方式维持; 原住民对于自然的观念、行为是否以原真的方式维持 Whether traditional livelihoods are maintained in an authentic manner; whether indigenous perceptions and behaviors towards nature are maintained in an original way | ||
国家公园完整性 National park integrity | 生态系统组成完整性 Ecosystem composition integrity | 本地重要物种是否被包括; 物种丰富度; 种群数量; 种群动态 Whether locally important species are included; species richness; population size; population dynamics | 基于遥感影像的判别、监测、制图、运算、模拟; 基于田野调查的识别、监测、判定 Identification, monitoring, mapping, arithmetic, and simulation based on remote sensing images; identification, monitoring, actual measurement, and determination based on field surveys |
生态系统结构完整性 Ecosystem structural integrity | 营养结构; 生境质量 Nutrient structure; habitat quality | ||
生态系统功能完整性 Ecosystem functional integrity | 演替; 营养级; 分解能力; 生态系统服务功能 Succession; trophic levels; decomposition capacity; ecosystem service functions | ||
景观组成要素完整性 Landscape composition integrity | 地质地貌价值载体是否被完整包括; 构成价值的河流的源头是否被有效保护 Whether geomorphic resources are included in their entirety; whether the source of the river that constitutes the value is effectively protected | ||
文化景观的完整性 Cultural landscape integrity | 传统保护边界是否完整纳入; 原住民传统组织结构是否被分割 Whether traditional conservation boundaries are included intact; whether the traditional organizational structure of the indigenous people is divided | 观察、访谈、田野调查 Observations, interviews, fieldwork |
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