Effects of soil biota influenced by long-term organic and chemical fertilizers on rice growth and resistance to insects

doi:10.17520/biods.2016100

Abstract

Abstract:

Fertilization plays an important role in soil quality, food supply and security. Although promoting soil biological development is considered as one of the most critical components that organic fertilizers exert on soil compared with chemical fertilization, less attention has been paid to the fertilization-derived influence on crop growth and insect-resistance via soil biota. Understanding the role of soil biota in crop growth and resistance to insects would not only help explain the biological mechanisms of the fertilization effects on soil functions, but also help identify integrative management techniques for soils and crops. Soil suspension was extracted from long-term organically fertilized soils and chemically fertilized soils. Then, the soil suspension was sterilized or non-sterilized to investigate the soil biota’s effects on rice growth and insect-resistance through a soil-free cultured method. Results showed that soil biota and fertilization significantly affected soil nutrient status (P < 0.01). Soil biota decreased soil ammonium content, rice biomass, shoot nitrogen content and the biomass of Nilaparvata lugens, but increased soil nitrate content, rice root-shoot ratio and the contents of root nitrogen, soluble sugar and phenolics (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, soil biota from organically fertilized soils promoted the synthesis of shoot soluble sugar and shoot phenolics. With the addition of Nilaparvata lugens, soil biota significantly reduced rice nitrogen uptake and promoted phenolic synthesis (P < 0.05). Collectively, soil biota, especially from organically fertilized soils, promoted rice resistance traits by altering the nutrient allocation of rice between aboveground and belowground, and by increasing the root-shoot ratio and the synthesis of phenols.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201608006

Key words: soil biota, fertilization, aboveground-belowground, herbivory, nutrient allocation, insect-resistance

Linhui Jiang, Ling Luo, Zhenggao Xiao, Daming Li, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu, Feng Hu. Effects of soil biota influenced by long-term organic and chemical fertilizers on rice growth and resistance to insects[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(8): 907-915.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2016100

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2016/V24/I8/907

Figures/Tables 8

References 37

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	对照 Non-sterilized		灭活 Sterilized
	化肥 Chemical fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	化肥 Chemical fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer
铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/kg)	4.34 ± 0.73	2.19 ± 0.53	18.36 ± 0.63	27.35 ± 0.38
硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg/kg)	75.97 ± 9.73	147.13 ± 3.53	73.12 ± 3.65	143.23 ± 2.65
可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg/kg)	43.86 ± 11.90	34.27 ± 5.56	712.86 ± 4.71	1,074.73 ± 21.17
速效磷 AP (mg/kg)	135.34 ± 1.26	101.01 ± 0.68	21.88 ± 0.00	10.02 ± 0.39
速效钾 AK (mg/kg)	21.03 ± 0.00	34.96 ± 1.51	38.68 ± 1.38	67.00 ± 2.57
pH (H₂O)	6.01 ± 0.21	6.25 ± 0.26	5.77 ± 0.22	5.93 ± 0.23

	对照 Non-sterilized		灭活 Sterilized
	化肥 Chemical fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	化肥 Chemical fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer
铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/kg)	4.34 ± 0.73	2.19 ± 0.53	18.36 ± 0.63	27.35 ± 0.38
硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg/kg)	75.97 ± 9.73	147.13 ± 3.53	73.12 ± 3.65	143.23 ± 2.65
可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg/kg)	43.86 ± 11.90	34.27 ± 5.56	712.86 ± 4.71	1,074.73 ± 21.17
速效磷 AP (mg/kg)	135.34 ± 1.26	101.01 ± 0.68	21.88 ± 0.00	10.02 ± 0.39
速效钾 AK (mg/kg)	21.03 ± 0.00	34.96 ± 1.51	38.68 ± 1.38	67.00 ± 2.57
pH (H₂O)	6.01 ± 0.21	6.25 ± 0.26	5.77 ± 0.22	5.93 ± 0.23

	自由度	铵态氮	硝态氮	可溶性有机碳	pH	茎叶重	根系重	根冠比
	df	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	DOC	(H₂O)	Shoot mass	Root mass	R/S ratio
灭活 Sterilization (S)	1	427.12^**	62.10^**	108.76^**	60.98^**	151.95^**	47.66^**	28.22^**
施肥 Fertilization (F)	1	11.48^**	16.70^**	22.65^**	27.48^**	9.28^**	0.10^NS	1.24^NS
飞虱 Planthopper (P)	1	2.08^NS	7.89^**	0.05^NS	0.07^NS	210.59^**	10.66^**	101.71^**
灭活×施肥 Sterilization × Fertilization (S × F)	1	7.16^*	0.28^NS	11.46^**	0.94^NS	9.44^**	3.77^NS	8.18^**
灭活×飞虱 Sterilization × Planthopper (S × P)	1	0.25^NS	3.60^NS	0.17^NS	6.05^*	20.62^**	2.39^NS	0.30^NS
施肥×飞虱 Fertilization × Planthopper (F × P)	1	1.13^NS	2.51^NS	0.60^NS	0.17^NS	1.89^NS	5.06^*	1.51^NS
灭活×施肥×飞虱 Sterilization × Fertilization × Planthopper (S × F × P)	1	0.19^NS	1.66^NS	1.52^NS	1.41^NS	1.99^NS	2.53^NS	2.74^NS
Error	24

	自由度	铵态氮	硝态氮	可溶性有机碳	pH	茎叶重	根系重	根冠比
	df	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	DOC	(H₂O)	Shoot mass	Root mass	R/S ratio
灭活 Sterilization (S)	1	427.12^**	62.10^**	108.76^**	60.98^**	151.95^**	47.66^**	28.22^**
施肥 Fertilization (F)	1	11.48^**	16.70^**	22.65^**	27.48^**	9.28^**	0.10^NS	1.24^NS
飞虱 Planthopper (P)	1	2.08^NS	7.89^**	0.05^NS	0.07^NS	210.59^**	10.66^**	101.71^**
灭活×施肥 Sterilization × Fertilization (S × F)	1	7.16^*	0.28^NS	11.46^**	0.94^NS	9.44^**	3.77^NS	8.18^**
灭活×飞虱 Sterilization × Planthopper (S × P)	1	0.25^NS	3.60^NS	0.17^NS	6.05^*	20.62^**	2.39^NS	0.30^NS
施肥×飞虱 Fertilization × Planthopper (F × P)	1	1.13^NS	2.51^NS	0.60^NS	0.17^NS	1.89^NS	5.06^*	1.51^NS
灭活×施肥×飞虱 Sterilization × Fertilization × Planthopper (S × F × P)	1	0.19^NS	1.66^NS	1.52^NS	1.41^NS	1.99^NS	2.53^NS	2.74^NS
Error	24

	自由度 df	茎叶氮 Shoot N	根系氮 Root N	茎叶糖 Shoot sugar	根系糖 Root sugar	茎叶酚 Shoot phenolic	根系酚 Root phenolic
灭活 Sterilization (S)	1	151.95^**	35.50^**	9.56^**	39.27^**	20.41^**	15.22^**
施肥 Fertilization (F)	1	9.28^**	27.93^**	31.76^**	0.39^NS	7.71^*	10.49^**
飞虱 Planthopper (P)	1	210.59^**	72.93^**	83.24^**	2.73^NS	1.59^NS	0.57^NS
灭活×施肥 Sterilization × Fertilization (S × F)	1	9.44^**	50.35^**	0.02^NS	0.023^NS	0.62^NS	10.82^**
灭活×飞虱 Sterilization × Planthopper (S × P)	1	20.62^**	2.00^NS	11.45^**	0.42^NS	5.31^*	0.53^NS
施肥×飞虱 Fertilization × Planthopper (F × P)	1	1.89^NS	5.42^*	3.18^NS	2.65^NS	0.30^NS	2.06^NS
灭活×施肥×飞虱 Sterilization × Fertilization × Planthopper (S × F × P)	1	1.99^NS	6.18^*	0.06^NS	12.86^**	4.68^*	0.73^NS
Error	24