西藏湖泊长刺溞复合种的系统进化关系

doi:10.17520/biods.2015075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文通过对西藏湖泊长刺溞复合种(Daphnia longispina complex)中分布最广的3个物种, 即长刺溞(D. longispina)、盔形溞(D. galeata)和颈齿溞(D. dentifera)线粒体COI基因序列以及GenBank中欧洲的长刺溞、加拿大的颈齿溞和我国东部低海拔地区的盔型溞COI基因序列的比较分析, 研究了西藏湖泊长刺溞复合种的系统进化关系, 发现西藏地区的盔型溞、颈齿溞和长刺溞均已出现较大分化。颈齿溞种群内遗传差异度为0.33-2.32%, 盔型溞为0.33-2.74%, 长刺溞的遗传差异度最高, 为1.31-5.50%。基于COI基因序列构建的最大似然树和贝叶斯系统树均表明, 长刺溞复合种由3个进化分支组成, 分别对应长刺溞、盔型溞和颈齿溞, 三者之间的遗传差异度为9.40-16.98%(Kimura 2-parameter双参数模型)。基于COI基因单倍型(haplotype)所构建的网络关系也支持上述3个分支的存在。早期记录虽然显示长刺溞在我国分布较广, 但本次调查只在班公错有发现, 相比之下, 盔形溞和颈齿溞则分布更广。我们的研究表明, 由于形态学鉴定上的局限性, 早期的长刺溞记录很可能混杂了容易引起混淆的盔型溞或颈齿溞。

关键词: 溞属, 线粒体基因, 西藏, 系统进化

Abstract

To understand the phylogeography of the Daphnia longispina complex (consisting of three species: Daphnia longispina, Daphnia galeata and Daphnia dentifera) in the lakes of Tibet, we amplified the mitochondria COI sequences of the Daphnia longispina complex from Tibetan lakes and compared these with sequences from GenBank (containing Daphnia longispina from Europe, Daphnia galeata from the low altitudes area of eastern China, and Daphnia dentifera from Canada). Results showed that there is significant differentiation within Daphnia longispina, Daphnia galeata and Daphnia dentifera in the lakes of Tibet. The genetic diversity within Daphnia dentifera is 0.33-2.32%, 0.33-2.74% for Daphnia galeata, and 1.33-5.50% for Daphnia longispina, representing the largest among the three species. Both Maximum Likelihood and Bayes trees based on mitochondria COI sequences showed that the Daphnia longispina complex was composed of three obvious clades, corresponding to Daphnia longispina, Daphnia galeata and Daphnia dentifera, respectively. The genetic diversity among the clades was 9.40-16.98%, according to a Kimura 2-parameter model. Haplotype network based on the mitochondria COI sequences showed that the Daphnia longispina complex was composed of three branches, corresponding to Daphnia longispina, Daphnia galeata and Daphnia dentifera, respectively. Early Chinese records showed that Daphnia longispina was widely distributed, but in this present study, Daphnia longispina only appeared in Lake Bangongcuo, and Daphnia galeata and Daphnia dentifera were more widely distributed. Because of the difficulty in morphological identification as well as the lack of molecular data in early investigations, the early records of Daphnia longispina in China were probably confused with Daphnia galeata or Daphnia dentifera.

Key words: Daphnia, mitochondrial gene, Tibet, phylogeny

谢理丽, 徐磊, 林秋奇, 韩博平 (2015) 西藏湖泊长刺溞复合种的系统进化关系. 生物多样性, 23, 784-792. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015075.

Lili Xie, Lei Xu, Qiuqi Lin, Boping Han (2015) Phylogenetics of the Daphnia longispina complex in Tibetan lakes. Biodiversity Science, 23, 784-792. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015075.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015075

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I6/784

图/表 7

表1 长刺溞复合种种群位点及序列信息

Table 1 Geographic and genetic characteristics of 18 Daphnia longispina complex populations

采样点 Location	纬度经度 Latitude Longitude	代号 Code	GenBank登录号 GenBank accession	序列来源 Sequence source
盔形溞 Daphnia galeata
错鄂 Cuoe, China	31.63º N 88.67° E	CE1		本研究 This study
错鄂 Cuoe, China	31.63º N 88.67° E	CE2		本研究 This study
打加芒错 Dajiamangcuo, China	29.65º N 85.75° E	DJMC1		本研究 This study
打加芒错 Dajiamangcuo, China	29.65º N 85.75° E	DJMC2		本研究 This study
骆马湖 Luoma Lake, China	34.07º N 118.11° E	HC3	KM555356	GenBank
西湖 West Lake, China	30.15º N 120.08° E	HC2	KM555355	GenBank
宝应湖 Baoying Lake, China	33.10º N 119.14° E	HC1	KM555354	GenBank
颈齿溞 Daphnia dentifera
沉错 Chencuo, China	28.88º N 90.47° E	CC		本研究 This study
拉萨河 Lasahe, China	29.68º N 91.28° E	LS1		本研究 This study
拉萨河 Lasahe, China	29.68º N 91.28° E	LS2		本研究 This study
那曲湖 Naqu Lake, China	31.48º N 92.05° E	NQHA	KM555369	GenBank
Canada		CND	FJ427488	GenBank
格桑桥 Gesangqiao, China	29.65º N 91.12° E	GSQA	KM555366	GenBank
长刺溞 Daphnia longispina
班公错 Bangongcuo, China 班公错 Bangongcuo, China	33.71º N 78.81° E 33.71º N 78.81° E	BGC1 BGC2		本研究 This study 本研究 This study
Sweden Germany Switzerland		DEM H29 SZL	EF375861 EF375860 EF375862	GenBank GenBank GenBank

表2 盔形溞(Daphnia galeata)种群间(对角线下)和种群内(对角线)的遗传差异度(%)

Table 2 The genetic differentiation (%) between (below the diagonal) and within (on the diagonal) Daphnia galeata populations

	HC3	HC1	HC2	CE	DJMC
HC3	n.c.
HC1	0.33 ± 0.23	n.c.
HC2	2.15 ± 0.57	1.81 ± 0.53	n.c.
CE	2.74 ± 0.66	2.40 ± 0.63	0.90 ± 0.36	0.16 ± 0.15
DJMC	2.49 ± 0.62	2.15 ± 0.59	0.65 ± 0.33	0.90 ± 0.37	0.16 ±0.15

表3 长刺溞(Daphnia longispina)种群间(对角线下)和种群内(对角线)的遗传差异度(%)

Table 3 The genetic differentiation (%) between (below the diagonal) and within (on the diagonal) Daphnia longispina populations

	DEM	H29	SZL	BGC
DEM	n.c.
H29	1.81 ± 0.53	n.c.
SZL	1.81 ± 0.54	1.31 ± 0.43	n.c.
BGC	5.50 ± 0.92	4.88 ± 0.84	4.62 ± 0.80	1.62 ± 0.51

表4 颈齿溞(Daphnia dentifera)种群间(对角线下)和种群内(对角线)的遗传差异度(%)

Table 4 The genetic differentiation (%) between (below the diagonal) and within (on the diagonal) Daphnia dentifera populations

	CND	NQHA	GSQA	LS	CC
CND	n.c.
NQHA	1.98 ± 0.55	n.c.
GSQA	2.15 ± 0.60	0.49 ± 0.30	n.c.
LS	2.32 ± 0.60	0.65 ± 0.30	0.33 ± 0.16	0.65 ± 0.32
CC	2.15 ± 0.60	0.49 ± 0.30	0.00	0.33 ± 0.16	n.c.

表5 长刺溞复合种(Daphnia longispina complex)种间和种内的遗传差异度(%) (对角线和对角线下)及复合种间各单倍型的固化差异(对角线上)

Table 5 The genetic differentiation (%) between and within species in Daphnia longispina complex (on the diagonal and below the diagonal) and the fixed differences among these haplotypes (above the diagonal)

	DG	DL	DD
DG	1.46 ± 0.31	71(67.62%)	79(80.61%)
DL	16.70 ± 1.72	3.66 ± 0.59	32(49.23%)
DD	16.98 ± 1.87	9.40 ± 1.12	1.01 ± 0.24

图1 基于COI基因序列构建的长刺溞复合种单倍型网络图(图中数字代表了各分支的平均突变数量)。图例中的缩写参见表1。

Fig. 1 Haplotype network for Daphnia longispina complex based on mitochondria COI gene sequences. Numbers between subnetworks represent the average number of mutations between subclades. The population codes are the same as those in Table 1.

图2 基于COI基因序列构建长刺溞复合种贝叶斯系统树与最大似然法系统树组合的进化树, 贝叶斯系统树后验概率(PP)和最大似然法系统进化树的自举支持率(bootstrap values)(百分数)均标于树分支的上面。图中的缩写为表1中COI序列代号。

Fig. 2 Bayes and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of Daphnia longispina complex based on mitochondria COI gene sequences. Posterior probabilities (Bayes tree) and bootstrap values (Maximum Likelihood tree) are shown above the nodes. The population codes are the same as those in Table 1.

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