生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 358-365. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13202
所属专题: 生物多样性与生态系统功能
徐远杰1,2,,A;*(), 林敦梅2, 米湘成2, 任海保2, 马克平2
收稿日期:
2013-09-17
接受日期:
2014-02-22
出版日期:
2014-05-20
发布日期:
2014-06-04
通讯作者:
徐远杰
基金资助:
Yuanjie Xu1,2(), Dunmei Lin2, Xiangcheng Mi2, Haibao Ren2, Keping Ma2
Received:
2013-09-17
Accepted:
2014-02-22
Online:
2014-05-20
Published:
2014-06-04
摘要:
森林采伐后次生林的恢复过程对于生物多样性的保护和生态系统功能的重建具有重要意义。作者以古田山不同干扰程度的12个1 ha 森林样地为研究对象, 运用群落多元统计方法, 探讨了自然恢复过程中森林群落组成及物种多样性的动态变化及趋势。结果表明: 不同恢复阶段森林样地的群落组成存在显著性差异, 而同一恢复阶段的样地具有高度的相似性。物种丰富度随恢复进程有增加的趋势, 但各阶段差异并不显著; 物种均匀度除人工林较低以外, 其他恢复阶段之间无显著性差异。不同恢复阶段研究样地的群落组成及物种多样性的差异主要存在于林冠层。灌木及更新层具有各自的指示种, 人工林的指示种为落叶灌木或阳性乔木, 幼龄次生林的指示种为常绿灌木或小乔木, 老次生林的指示种为亚乔木层常绿树种, 老龄林的指示种为林冠层树种。上述结果表明古田山不同人为干扰程度森林群落的物种多样性具有较强的自我恢复能力。尽管物种组成难以预测, 但处于同一恢复阶段的森林, 其幼树的生活型组成呈现出一致的变化趋势。
徐远杰, 林敦梅, 米湘成, 任海保, 马克平 (2014) 古田山不同干扰程度森林的群落恢复动态. 生物多样性, 22, 358-365. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13202.
Yuanjie Xu, Dunmei Lin, Xiangcheng Mi, Haibao Ren, Keping Ma (2014) Recovery dynamics of secondary forests with different disturbance intensity in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 22, 358-365. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13202.
图1 古田山不同恢复阶段森林样地聚类分析图。人工林样地包括01, 07, 11; 幼龄次生林样地包括03, 08, 09; 老次生林样地包括05, 06, 12; 老龄林样地包括02, 04, 10。
Fig. 1 Hierarchical clustering of 12 forest plots during four recovery phases in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. Chinese fir forest plots include 01, 07, 11; Young secondary forest plots include 03, 08, 09; Old secondary forest plots include 05, 06, 12; Old-growth forest plots include 02, 04, 10.
物种名 Species name | 人工林 Chinese fir forests (CFF) | 幼龄次生林 Young secondary forests (YSF) | 老次生林 Old secondary forests (OSF) | 老龄林 Old-growth forests (OGF) |
---|---|---|---|---|
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 71.27 (25.85) | |||
檵木 Loropetalum chinensis | 3.06 (4.69) | 2.70 (2.89) | 6.17 (4.74) | |
隔药柃 Eurya muricata | 3.02 (4.68) | 2.78 (3.04) | 2.80 (3.77) | |
马尾松 Pinus massoniana | 1.71 (3.79) | 7.37 (4.92) | 14.33 (7.55) | |
石栎 Lithocarpus glaber | 1.90 (3.54) | 5.32 (3.89) | 7.98 (5.36) | |
山合欢 Albizia kalkora | 0.81 (2.82) | |||
黄瑞木 Adinandra millettii | 0.77 (2.34) | |||
柳叶蜡梅 Chimonanthus salicifolius | 3.05 (2.08) | |||
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana | 0.64 (1.98) | |||
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei | 0.59 (1.95) | |||
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei | 23.76 (9.03) | 5.89 (4.31) | 15.69 (8.73) | |
米槠 C. carlesii | 9.04 (5.27) | 8.32 (3.43) | ||
木荷 Schima superba | 4.56 (3.51) | 11.30 (6.61) | 10.95 (6.25) | |
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum | 3.11 (3.26) | 5.44 (4.86) | ||
麂角杜鹃 R. latoucheae | 2.95 (3.18) | 5.36 (5.26) | ||
短尾越橘 Vaccinium carlesii | 3.30 (3.04) | |||
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 2.52 (2.80) | 5.39 (4.02) | 5.12 (2.53) | |
栲 Castanopsis fargesii | 2.18 (2.94 | |||
杨梅 Myrica rubra | 2.04 (2.82) | |||
浙江红山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa | 2.43 (2.94) | |||
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis | 1.47 (2.81) | |||
红楠 Machilus thunbergii | 2.74 (2.46) | |||
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | 2.38 (2.49) |
表1 古田山不同恢复阶段森林样地优势种重要值的平均值(%)及其对组内相似性的贡献率(%)
Table 1 Average importance values (%) of dominant species and their contributions (%) to within-group similarity
物种名 Species name | 人工林 Chinese fir forests (CFF) | 幼龄次生林 Young secondary forests (YSF) | 老次生林 Old secondary forests (OSF) | 老龄林 Old-growth forests (OGF) |
---|---|---|---|---|
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 71.27 (25.85) | |||
檵木 Loropetalum chinensis | 3.06 (4.69) | 2.70 (2.89) | 6.17 (4.74) | |
隔药柃 Eurya muricata | 3.02 (4.68) | 2.78 (3.04) | 2.80 (3.77) | |
马尾松 Pinus massoniana | 1.71 (3.79) | 7.37 (4.92) | 14.33 (7.55) | |
石栎 Lithocarpus glaber | 1.90 (3.54) | 5.32 (3.89) | 7.98 (5.36) | |
山合欢 Albizia kalkora | 0.81 (2.82) | |||
黄瑞木 Adinandra millettii | 0.77 (2.34) | |||
柳叶蜡梅 Chimonanthus salicifolius | 3.05 (2.08) | |||
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana | 0.64 (1.98) | |||
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei | 0.59 (1.95) | |||
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei | 23.76 (9.03) | 5.89 (4.31) | 15.69 (8.73) | |
米槠 C. carlesii | 9.04 (5.27) | 8.32 (3.43) | ||
木荷 Schima superba | 4.56 (3.51) | 11.30 (6.61) | 10.95 (6.25) | |
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum | 3.11 (3.26) | 5.44 (4.86) | ||
麂角杜鹃 R. latoucheae | 2.95 (3.18) | 5.36 (5.26) | ||
短尾越橘 Vaccinium carlesii | 3.30 (3.04) | |||
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 2.52 (2.80) | 5.39 (4.02) | 5.12 (2.53) | |
栲 Castanopsis fargesii | 2.18 (2.94 | |||
杨梅 Myrica rubra | 2.04 (2.82) | |||
浙江红山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa | 2.43 (2.94) | |||
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis | 1.47 (2.81) | |||
红楠 Machilus thunbergii | 2.74 (2.46) | |||
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | 2.38 (2.49) |
图2 古田山不同恢复阶段森林样地主林层、亚乔木层、灌木及更新层无度量多维标定图。C: 林冠层; S: 亚乔木层; R: 灌木及更新层。不同林层后面的数字为样方号。OGF, OSF, YSF, CFF同表1。
Fig. 2 Non-metric multidimensional scale (NMS) ordination of canopy, sub-canopy, and shrub and regeneration layers of 12 forest plots during four recovery phases in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. C, S, R represent canopy layer, sub-canopy layer, shrub and regeneration layer, respectively. Numbers are plot codes. CFF, OGF, OSF, YSF, see Table 1.
图3 古田山不同恢复阶段森林样地物种多样性指数。CFF, OGF, OSF, YSF同表1。
Fig. 3 Species diversity indices of 12 forest plots during four recovery phases in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. CFF, OGF, OSF, YSF, see Table 1.
图4 古田山不同恢复阶段森林样地林冠层、亚乔木层、灌木及更新层k-优势度图。CFF, OGF, OSF, YSF同表1。
Fig. 4 K-dominance plot of canopy, sub-canopy, shrubs and regeneration layers of 12 forest plots during four recovery phases in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. CFF, OGF, OSF, YSF, see Table 1.
树种 Tree species | 组别 Group | 指示值 Value | P值 P<0.05 |
---|---|---|---|
山合欢 Albizia kalkora | CFF | 84.3 | 0.0188 |
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei | CFF | 59.7 | 0.0346 |
楤木 Aralia chinensis | CFF | 80.4 | 0.0188 |
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri | CFF | 69.0 | 0.0412 |
大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum | CFF | 62.3 | 0.0346 |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | CFF | 98.6 | 0.0188 |
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana | CFF | 79.7 | 0.0188 |
小果冬青 Ilex micrococca | CFF | 93.5 | 0.0188 |
山胡椒 Lindera glauca | CFF | 85.0 | 0.0188 |
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba | CFF | 89.2 | 0.0188 |
马尾松 Pinus massoniana | CFF | 66.2 | 0.0188 |
化香 Platycarya strobilacea | CFF | 86.3 | 0.0354 |
豆腐柴 Premna microphylla | CFF | 68.4 | 0.0168 |
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica | CFF | 86.2 | 0.0188 |
栀子 Gardenia jasminoides | CSF | 45.0 | 0.0486 |
野漆 Toxicodendron succedaneum | YSF | 74.6 | 0.0496 |
短尾越桔 Vaccinium carlesii | YSF | 48.8 | 0.0456 |
厚叶冬青 Ilex elmerriliana | YSF | 67.9 | 0.0128 |
宁波木犀 Osmanthus cooperi | YSF | 74.7 | 0.0160 |
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica | YSF | 65.7 | 0.0160 |
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium | YSF | 75.7 | 0.0088 |
冬青 Ilex chinensis | OSF | 67.1 | 0.0190 |
浙闽樱 Prunus schneideriana | OSF | 51.4 | 0.0130 |
檵木 Loropetalum chinensis | OSF | 49.9 | 0.0166 |
乳源木莲 Manglietia yuyuanensis | OSF | 91.6 | 0.0376 |
刨花楠 Machilus pauhoi | OSF | 100.0 | 0.0190 |
浙江红山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa | OGF | 94.0 | 0.0146 |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | OGF | 64.6 | 0.0332 |
麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae | OGF | 55.1 | 0.0162 |
秀丽槭 Acer elegantulum | OGF | 100.0 | 0.0162 |
钩栲 Castanopsis tibetana | OGF | 96.9 | 0.0446 |
浙江樟 Cinnamomum japonicum | OGF | 97.8 | 0.0162 |
灰白蜡瓣花 Corylopsis glandulifera | OGF | 99.3 | 0.0162 |
小叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis | OGF | 97.5 | 0.0162 |
细叶青冈 C. myrsinaefolia | OGF | 100.0 | 0.0162 |
尾叶冬青 Ilex wilsonii | OGF | 96.5 | 0.0066 |
马醉木 Pieris japonica | OGF | 74.7 | 0.0334 |
表2 古田山不同恢复阶段森林样地灌木及更新层指示种
Table 2 Indicator species of shrubs and regeneration layer of 12 forest plots during four recovery phases in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve
树种 Tree species | 组别 Group | 指示值 Value | P值 P<0.05 |
---|---|---|---|
山合欢 Albizia kalkora | CFF | 84.3 | 0.0188 |
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei | CFF | 59.7 | 0.0346 |
楤木 Aralia chinensis | CFF | 80.4 | 0.0188 |
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri | CFF | 69.0 | 0.0412 |
大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum | CFF | 62.3 | 0.0346 |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | CFF | 98.6 | 0.0188 |
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana | CFF | 79.7 | 0.0188 |
小果冬青 Ilex micrococca | CFF | 93.5 | 0.0188 |
山胡椒 Lindera glauca | CFF | 85.0 | 0.0188 |
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba | CFF | 89.2 | 0.0188 |
马尾松 Pinus massoniana | CFF | 66.2 | 0.0188 |
化香 Platycarya strobilacea | CFF | 86.3 | 0.0354 |
豆腐柴 Premna microphylla | CFF | 68.4 | 0.0168 |
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica | CFF | 86.2 | 0.0188 |
栀子 Gardenia jasminoides | CSF | 45.0 | 0.0486 |
野漆 Toxicodendron succedaneum | YSF | 74.6 | 0.0496 |
短尾越桔 Vaccinium carlesii | YSF | 48.8 | 0.0456 |
厚叶冬青 Ilex elmerriliana | YSF | 67.9 | 0.0128 |
宁波木犀 Osmanthus cooperi | YSF | 74.7 | 0.0160 |
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica | YSF | 65.7 | 0.0160 |
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium | YSF | 75.7 | 0.0088 |
冬青 Ilex chinensis | OSF | 67.1 | 0.0190 |
浙闽樱 Prunus schneideriana | OSF | 51.4 | 0.0130 |
檵木 Loropetalum chinensis | OSF | 49.9 | 0.0166 |
乳源木莲 Manglietia yuyuanensis | OSF | 91.6 | 0.0376 |
刨花楠 Machilus pauhoi | OSF | 100.0 | 0.0190 |
浙江红山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa | OGF | 94.0 | 0.0146 |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | OGF | 64.6 | 0.0332 |
麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae | OGF | 55.1 | 0.0162 |
秀丽槭 Acer elegantulum | OGF | 100.0 | 0.0162 |
钩栲 Castanopsis tibetana | OGF | 96.9 | 0.0446 |
浙江樟 Cinnamomum japonicum | OGF | 97.8 | 0.0162 |
灰白蜡瓣花 Corylopsis glandulifera | OGF | 99.3 | 0.0162 |
小叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis | OGF | 97.5 | 0.0162 |
细叶青冈 C. myrsinaefolia | OGF | 100.0 | 0.0162 |
尾叶冬青 Ilex wilsonii | OGF | 96.5 | 0.0066 |
马醉木 Pieris japonica | OGF | 74.7 | 0.0334 |
附图1 古田山不同恢复阶段森林样地(100 m × 100 m)地形图。图中数字为相对高程; 人工林样地包括01, 07, 11; 幼龄次生林样地包括03, 08, 09; 老次生林样地包括05, 06, 12; 老龄林样地包括02, 04, 10。
Fig. S1 Topographical maps of 12 forest plots during four recovery phases in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. The figures in the map refer to relative elevations of forest plots; Chinese fir forest plots include 01, 07, 11; Young secondary forest plots include 03, 08, 09; Old secondary forest plots include 05, 06, 12; Old-growth forest plots include 02, 04, 10. http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-202-1.pdf
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