生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 594-604. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09183
所属专题: 群落中的物种多样性:格局与机制
收稿日期:
2009-07-06
接受日期:
2009-11-17
出版日期:
2009-11-20
发布日期:
2009-11-20
通讯作者:
马克平
作者简介:
*E-mail: kpma@ibcas.ac.cn基金资助:
Yan Zhu, Xiangcheng Mi, Keping Ma*()
Received:
2009-07-06
Accepted:
2009-11-17
Online:
2009-11-20
Published:
2009-11-20
Contact:
Keping Ma
摘要:
负密度制约假说主要描述由于资源竞争、有害生物侵害(比如病原微生物、食草动物捕食)等, 同种个体之间发生的相互损害行为; 它主要强调同种个体之间的相互作用, 解释自然群落物种共存的机理; 负密度制约机制主要在小尺度上降低群落内同种个体生长率, 同时提高个体死亡率, 从而为其他物种的生存提供空间和资源, 促进物种共存。目前负密度制约假说的检验研究主要侧重密度制约、距离制约、群落补偿效应等三个方面。最近, 研究者又探讨了近缘物种之间由于对相似资源的竞争所产生的负效应, 扩展了负密度制约假说, 进而提出异群保护假说和谱系多样性制约假说。负密度制约假说引起生态学家长久的探讨和关注, 世界范围内大尺度森林动态样地的建立, 又为探索不同尺度上密度制约效应的研究提供了条件。然而目前的研究仍然存在不足, 比如负密度制约假说的检验受到其他因素的干扰、区域研究不平衡等。因此, 生态学家们仍然怀疑负密度制约效应调节群落物种共存的重要性, 但是目前的研究还没有发现否定负密度制约假说的充分证据。
祝燕, 米湘成, 马克平 (2009) 植物群落物种共存机制: 负密度制约假说. 生物多样性, 17, 594-604. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09183.
Yan Zhu, Xiangcheng Mi, Keping Ma (2009) A mechanism of plant species coexistence: the negative density-dependent hypothesis. Biodiversity Science, 17, 594-604. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09183.
图1 Janzen-Connell假说中种子扩散和距离制约种子、幼苗死亡的过程(Janzen, 1970)。PRC: 种群增补曲线; I:单位面积种子数量; P: 种子或幼苗幸免于捕食的概率。
Fig. 1 The processes of Janzen-Connell hypothesis on seed dispersal and distance dependence on seed or seedling mortality (Janzen, 1970). PRC, Population recruitment curve;I, The number of seeds per unit area; P, The probability that a dispersed seed or seedling will be missed by the host-specific seed and seedling predators.
图2 在不同纬度带表现密度制约效应的树木物种比例(Hille Ris Lambers et al., 2002)
Fig. 2 The proportion of tree species showing density dependent effects at different latitudes (Hille Ris Lambers et al., 2002)
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