中亚荒漠区沙拐枣属的分布格局与物种多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2025086

生物多样性

中亚荒漠区沙拐枣属的分布格局与物种多样性

冯缨¹, 宋凤², 金光照³, Komiljon Tojibaev⁴, 葛学军^3*

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011, 中国; 2. 中南林业科技大学生命与环境科学学院, 长沙 410004, 中国; 3. 中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650, 中国; 4. 乌兹别克斯坦共和国科学院植物研究所植物地理实验室, 塔什干 100125, 乌兹别克斯坦

收稿日期:2025-03-12 修回日期:2025-09-18 接受日期:2025-09-24
通讯作者: 葛学军

Distribution patterns and species diversity of the genus Calligonum in the desert regions of Central Asia

Ying Feng¹, Feng Song², Guangzhao Jin³, Komiljon Tojibaev⁴, Xuejun Ge^3*

1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

2 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

3 South China National Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China

4 Laboratory of Geobotany, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Received:2025-03-12 Revised:2025-09-18 Accepted:2025-09-24
Contact: Xuejun Ge

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在系统解析沙拐枣属(Calligonum)的物种多样性、分布格局及环境适应机制, 为其分类修订提供科学依据。研究方法包括: 整合全球分类学数据及全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)等多源数据库, 绘制沙拐枣属的世界热力分布图; 基于Tashkent Plant Herbarium (TASH)馆藏标本开展中亚地区瘦果形态测量与比较; 结合多学科文献, 探讨其系统发育关系、染色体变异及生态适应机制。结果表明: 沙拐枣属广泛分布于自撒哈拉至中亚的干旱区域, 其中中亚为分布与多样性中心(共记载34种), 中国作为分布东缘共发现23种, 与中亚共有种有17种, 呈现典型的环古地中海间断分布格局, 这可能与喜马拉雅隆升等地质事件相关。该属分布受水分、温度和土壤因子的共同影响, 主要集中于年降水量低于200 mm的干旱区, 物种间水分利用策略差异显著, 低温与季节性温度变化限制其向北扩散, 土壤偏好低盐、强碱性及沙壤类型。通过生理调节与化学计量等多层次策略适应干旱环境, 并表现出明显的生态位分化。依据传统形态分类可将其划分为4个组, 但分子系统学研究表明其组间存在交叉与嵌入, 传统分类体系亟待修订。果实形态变异显著, 基翅组可能为杂交起源, 表现为果实偏大。细胞遗传学分析显示染色体以二倍体和四倍体为主, 二倍体多分布于环境稳定区域, 而多倍体更常见于生境异质性较高的地区。系统发育分析支持该属为单系群, 但种间关系复杂, 存在高遗传分化、有限基因流及非单系起源等现象, 干旱加剧可能进一步促进了种系分化。沙拐枣属作为中亚干旱区关键类群, 具有丰富的物种多样性及快速演化潜力。今后需整合基因组学与生态学等多学科方法, 深化对其物种形成与适应机制的认识, 并推进以种质保存与生态修复为核心的综合保护策略, 以实现该属及其生态功能的长期可持续存续。

关键词: 中亚荒漠区, 沙拐枣属, 分布中心, 物种多样性

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to clarify the species diversity, distribution patterns, and environmental adaptation mechanisms of the genus Calligonum, in order to provide a scientific basis for its taxonomic revision.

Methods: Global taxonomic data and multi-source databases including Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) were integrated to generate a worldwide heat distribution map; morphological measurements and comparative analyses of achenes from Central Asian specimens in the Tashkent Plant Herbarium (TASH) collection were conducted; a systematic investigation of its phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal variations, and ecological adaptation mechanisms was carried out through a multidisciplinary literature review.

Results: Calligonum was widely distributed across arid regions from the Sahara to Central Asia, with Central Asia serving as its distribution and diversity center (34 recorded species). As the eastern margin of its distribution, China hosts 23 species, 17 of which were shared with Central Asia. This disjunct circum-Mediterranean distribution pattern may be associated with geological events such as the uplift of the Himalayas. The distribution of Calligonum was co-influenced by moisture, temperature, and soil factors. It was primarily found in arid zones with annual precipitation below 200 mm, exhibiting significant interspecific divergence in water-use strategies. Low temperatures and seasonal variations restrict its northward expansion, and it showed a preference for low-salinity, highly alkaline, and sandy soil types. The genus employed multi-level adaptive strategies, including physiological regulation and stoichiometric adjustments, to cope with arid conditions, thereby demonstrating clear ecological niche differentiation.

Conclusion: As a keystone taxon in the arid regions of Central Asia, Calligonum exhibits rich species diversity and rapid evolutionary potential. Future studies should integrate multidisciplinary approaches such as genomics and ecology to enhance understanding of its speciation and adaptation mechanisms. Furthermore, comprehensive conservation strategies focusing on germplasm preservation and ecological restoration should be promoted to ensure the long-term sustainability of the genus and its ecological functions.

Key words: Central Asian desert region, Calligonum, distribution center, species diversity

冯缨, 宋凤, 金光照, Komiljon Tojibaev, 葛学军. 中亚荒漠区沙拐枣属的分布格局与物种多样性. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025086.

Ying Feng, Feng Song, Guangzhao Jin, Komiljon Tojibaev, Xuejun Ge. Distribution patterns and species diversity of the genus Calligonum in the desert regions of Central Asia. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025086.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025086

[1]	杨洋, 邹睿, 谯娅琴, 孟想, 涂飞云. 海南省陆生哺乳动物物种多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(8): 25044-.
[2]	章洋, 王彦平. SLOSS争论研究进展: 分析方法、理论机制及保护实践[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 25081-.
[3]	潘正东, 林熙戎, 薛华, 胡治颖, 郭弘艺, 张亚, 吴阿娜, 唐文乔. 上海主要内陆水体鱼类物种多样性本底及群落结构[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(6): 24290-.
[4]	彭文, 邓泽帅, 郑文宝, 龚凌轩, 曾玉枫, 孟昊, 陈军, 杨道德. eDNA技术在两栖动物调查中的应用: 以湖南莽山国家级自然保护区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(6): 24552-.
[5]	张璐璐, 任昭杰, 于宁宁, 赵奉熙, 赵遵田. 甘肃省苔藓植物名录[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(6): 24451-.
[6]	吴晓晴, 张美惠, 葛苏婷, 李漫淑, 达良俊, 宋坤, 沈国春, 张健. 上海近自然林重建过程中木本植物物种多样性与地上生物量的时空动态: 以闵行区生态岛为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24444-.
[7]	王太, 宋福俊, 张永胜, 娄忠玉, 张艳萍, 杜岩岩. 河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类多样性及资源现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24387-.
[8]	张晶晶, 黄文彬, 陈奕廷, 杨泽鹏, 柯伟业, 彭昭杰, 魏世超, 张志伟, 胡怡思, 余文华, 周文良. 广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区造礁石珊瑚多样性及分布特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24424-.
[9]	尚华丹, 张楚晴, 王梅, 裴文娅, 李国宏, 王鸿斌. 中国杨树害虫物种多样性及其地理分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 24370-.
[10]	吴昱萱, 王平, 胡晓生, 丁一, 彭甜恬, 植秋滢, 巴德木其其格, 李文杰, 关潇, 李俊生. 呼伦贝尔草地退化现状评估与植被特征变化[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 24118-.
[11]	陈自宏, 张翼飞, 陈凯, 陈见影, 徐玲. 高黎贡山南段昆虫病原真菌物种多样性及影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(1): 24228-.
[12]	谭珂, 宁瑶, 王仁芬, 王晴, 梁丹萍, 辛子兵, 温放. 中国苦苣苔科植物名录与地理分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(1): 23275-.
[13]	韩佳楠, 苏杨, 李霏, 刘君妍, 赵依林, 李琳, 赵建成, 梁红柱, 李敏. 河北省苔藓植物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(9): 24096-.
[14]	李东红, 郝媛媛, 甘辉林, 张航, 刘耀猛, 他富源, 胡桂馨. 祁连山北麓中段不同类型草地蝗虫种类及分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(9): 24119-.
[15]	牛红玉, 陈璐, 赵恒月, 古丽扎尔·阿不都克力木, 张洪茂. 城市化对动物的影响: 从群落到个体[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(8): 23489-.