南充市城区繁殖鸟类群落20年前后的变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2024560

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在过去20年里, 中国投入了大量资金与资源开展生态城市建设, 以实现城市生态系统的可持续发展。由于历史基准数据的缺失, 城市生物多样性在生态城市建设过程中的变化情况仍然缺乏评估。基于2002-2004年南充市城区繁殖鸟类种类和鸟巢数的调查报告, 本文于2023年2-7月开展了5轮重复调查, 分别采用样点法或样线法调查14个斑块绿地和22个行道绿地中的繁殖鸟物种数和巢数。共记录了28种繁殖鸟1,599个巢(冠层筑巢鸟类17种1,451个巢、地面/灌丛筑巢鸟类6种87个巢、树洞筑巢鸟类4种31个巢、人工建筑筑巢鸟类1种30个巢)。与历史数据对比表明: 城区繁殖鸟类的物种数增加了1种, 但是样地物种数平均值减少了1.3种(21.4%, P = 0.025), 样地巢数平均值减少了90.4个(67.1%, P < 0.001); 繁殖鸟类群落受到筑巢类型和样地类型的交互作用, 其中冠层筑巢鸟类、地面/灌丛筑巢鸟类和人工建筑筑巢鸟类的样地物种数、样地巢数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在斑块绿地或行道绿地中发生了显著下降(P < 0.05)。此外, 物种优势度排序发生显著变化, 其中第一次调查中优势度排名前5的2种地面/灌丛筑巢鸟类和1种洞穴筑巢鸟类被冠层筑巢鸟类替代。因此, 在南充市过去20年的生态城市建设中, 繁殖鸟类没有广泛获得积极的生态收益, 使得其群落组成在小空间尺度上发生了显著改变。我们建议, 城市绿地的规划建设应兼顾不同生态类群, 更全面地提高城市建设的生态效益, 从而为可持续的城市生物多样性和生态服务功能提供保障。

关键词: 城市生物多样性, 繁殖鸟类, 筑巢类型, 行道绿地, 斑块绿地, 生态服务功能, 长期变化

Abstract

Aim: One main goal of eco-city development is to improve urban biodiversity. However, it is often difficult to determine how it may influence long-term biodiversity patterns, due to the lack of historical benchmark data. Here, we followed up on a study in urban areas of Nanchong during 2002-2004 by replicating the historical survey methods, to examine changes in the breeding bird community, accounting for nesting and habitat types.

Methods: From late February to early July 2023, we conducted five rounds of repeated investigations on the numbers of breeding bird species and nests using point counts in 14 patch green spaces and line transects in 22 roadside green spaces. We compiled an annual dataset based on the recorded species and nests, and then compared it with the historical data.

Results: We recorded a total of 28 breeding bird species and 1,599 nests (1,451 nests of 17 canopy-nesting species, 87 nests of 6 ground/shrub-nesting species, 31 nests of 4 tree-cavity-nesting species, and 30 nests of 1 artificial-building- nesting species). Compared with the historical data, the total number of breeding species increased by 1, but the average numbers of species and nests across sampling sites decreased by 1.3 (21.4%, P = 0.025) and 90.4 (67.1%, P < 0.001), respectively; the breeding bird community was affected by the interaction of nesting type and habitat type, where species number, nest number and/or Shannon-Wiener diversity index of canopy-nesting birds, ground/shrub-nesting birds and artificial-building-nesting birds showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in either patch green spaces or roadside green spaces. In addition, the order of species dominance changed significantly, with two ground/shrub-nesting species and one cave-nesting species that ranked in the top five in the first survey being replaced by canopy-nesting species.

Conclusion: Over the past two decades of eco-city development in Nanchong, breeding birds have not widely obtained positive ecological benefits, resulting in significant changes in their community composition at the local scale. We recommend that the planning and development of urban green spaces take into account the needs of diverse ecological groups to more comprehensively enhance the ecological benefits of urban construction. This approach will help ensure sustainable biodiversity and the provision of ecological services.

Key words: urban biodiversity, breeding birds, nesting types, roadside green space, patch green space, ecological service functions, long-term changes

朱浩友, 周友兵, 罗怡, 周昭敏 (2026) 南充市城区繁殖鸟类群落20年前后的变化. 生物多样性, 34, 24560. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024560.

Haoyou Zhu, Youbing Zhou, Yi Luo, Zhaomin Zhou (2026) Changes in breeding bird community in an urban area of Nanchong over two decades. Biodiversity Science, 34, 24560. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024560.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024560

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I3/24560

图/表 3

图1 第一次调查(a)和第二次调查(b)中, 南充市城区14个斑块绿地和22个行道绿地位置图。在滨江公园和上中坝湿地公园(被改造斑块绿地), 植被和景观发生明显变化。

Fig. 1 Location map of 14 patch green spaces and 22 roadside green spaces in Nanchong’s urban areas during the first survey (a) and the second survey (b). Vegetation and landscape greatly changed in Binjiang Park and Shangzhongba Wetland Park (reconstructed patch green spaces).

图2 在两次鸟类调查中, 36个样地繁殖鸟类群落物种数和巢数分布参数变化

Fig. 2 Changes in species number and nest number in breeding bird communities across the 36 sampling sites between the two surveys

图3 在两次调查中, 不同绿地类型繁殖鸟类物种数(a)、繁殖鸟类巢数(b)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(c)以及不同生境类型繁殖鸟类物种数(d)、繁殖鸟类巢数(e)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(f)发生变化。箱式图上方和下方的线段分别表示上四分位数和下四分位数, 箱式图内部的横线表示数据的中位数。** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; ns: P > 0.05。

Fig. 3 Variations in species number (a), nest number (b) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (c) of breeding birds in roadside and patch sites between the two surveys, and variations in these indices of birds nesting in canopy, ground/shrub, tree cavity and artificial building (d, e, f). The lines above and below the boxplots represent the upper and lower quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line inside the box indicates the median. ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; ns, P > 0.05.

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