生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 25286. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025286 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025286
陈璐露1,2(
), 汤皓婷1,2(), 冷红1,2,*()(
), 袁青1,2(), 杨昕悦1,2()
收稿日期:2025-07-20
接受日期:2025-11-03
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2026-03-23
通讯作者:
E-mail: 基金资助:
Lulu Chen1,2(), Haoting Tang1,2(), Hong Leng1,2,*()(), Qing Yuan1,2(), Xinyue Yang1,2()
Received:2025-07-20
Accepted:2025-11-03
Online:2026-02-20
Published:2026-03-23
Contact:
E-mail: Supported by:摘要：
城市街区作为城市更新的基本单元, 其建成环境对城市生物多样性水平影响显著。近年来, 街区尺度建成环境对城市生物多样性的影响研究逐步增多, 但系统性综述仍显不足。本文通过计量分析, 系统地梳理了2000年1月1日至2025年8月31日中英文文献中城市街区建成环境对城市生物多样性影响的研究趋势与内容特征, 将相关文献中影响城市生物多样性的街区建成环境要素归纳为街区绿地、植被特征、土地利用、三维形态和中介因子5类, 总结了既有研究中的各类影响要素及其影响关系。最后, 结合当前研究的特征及不足, 提出揭示街区三维形态对城市生物多样性的影响机制、探索人类活动对二者影响的中介效应、探讨气候因子对二者关系的调节作用及分类制定城市街区的精细化更新导则与标准等研究展望, 旨在为面向城市生物多样性提升的城市街区空间规划与更新提供理论基础。
陈璐露, 汤皓婷, 冷红, 袁青, 杨昕悦 (2026) 城市街区建成环境对生物多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 34, 25286. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025286.
Lulu Chen, Haoting Tang, Hong Leng, Qing Yuan, Xinyue Yang (2026) Impacts of urban block built environments on biodiversity—A review and outlook. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25286. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025286.
| 指示类群 Indicator species | 适宜扩散距离 Suitable dispersal distance | 注释 Description | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 城市留鸟 Urban resident birds | ≈ 400-900 m | 生境斑块间适宜扩散距离, 多用于连通性阈值 Characteristic inter-patch dispersal distance; commonly adopted as a threshold in connectivity analyses | Korsten et al., |
| 小型哺乳动物 Small mammals | ≈ 200 m | 作为步石、廊道间距的重要参考 Key design parameter for determining the spacing of ecological stepping-stones and corridors | Van Rossum et al., |
| 节肢动物 Arthropods | 50-150 m | 传粉服务半径与步石间距设计依据 Empirical basis for delineating pollination service radius and the spacing of habitat stepping-stones | Van Rossum & Triest, |
| 植物繁殖体 Plant propagules | 通常数百米 Typically several hundred meters | 风力或动物携带扩散的一般尺度 Typical dispersal scale via anemochory or zoochory | 刘明宇和唐毅, |
表1 常见城市生物多样性指示物种扩散距离
Table 1 Dispersal distances of common urban biodiversity indicator species
| 指示类群 Indicator species | 适宜扩散距离 Suitable dispersal distance | 注释 Description | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 城市留鸟 Urban resident birds | ≈ 400-900 m | 生境斑块间适宜扩散距离, 多用于连通性阈值 Characteristic inter-patch dispersal distance; commonly adopted as a threshold in connectivity analyses | Korsten et al., |
| 小型哺乳动物 Small mammals | ≈ 200 m | 作为步石、廊道间距的重要参考 Key design parameter for determining the spacing of ecological stepping-stones and corridors | Van Rossum et al., |
| 节肢动物 Arthropods | 50-150 m | 传粉服务半径与步石间距设计依据 Empirical basis for delineating pollination service radius and the spacing of habitat stepping-stones | Van Rossum & Triest, |
| 植物繁殖体 Plant propagules | 通常数百米 Typically several hundred meters | 风力或动物携带扩散的一般尺度 Typical dispersal scale via anemochory or zoochory | 刘明宇和唐毅, |
图1 文献时间分布与城市街区建成环境对生物多样性影响研究的发展阶段
Fig. 1 Temporal distribution of relevant literature and development phases of research on the impacts of urban block built environment on biodiversity①② ① 2016年12月6日《全国城市生态保护与建设规划(2015-2020年)》. http://www.caep.org.cn/yclm/sewhbgh/sywwrjp_22031/201812/W020181227588849790425.pdf. ② 2023年7月5日《住房城乡建设部关于扎实有序推进城市更新工作的通知》. https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/zc/wjk/art/2023/art_17339_772985.html.
| 影响要素 Impact factors | 影响指标 Indicators | 影响关系 Impact relationships | 代表文献 Representative literature |
|---|---|---|---|
| 街区绿地 Block green space | 绿地规模 Green space area | 正向 Positive | Strohbach et al., |
| 形状指数 Shape index | 正向 Positive | Wong et al., | |
| 连通性 Connectivity | 正向 Positive | Beninde et al., | |
| 屋顶绿化面积 Green roof area | 正向 Positive | Lee & Lin, | |
| 垂直绿化面积 Vertical greening area | 正向 Positive | 卢晓强等, | |
| 破碎度 Fragmentation | 负向/非线性 Negative/nonlinear | Saeki et al., | |
| 植被特征 Vegetation characteristics | 种植密度 Planting density | 正向 Positive | da Silva et al., da Silva et al., |
| 植物物种丰富度 Plant species richness | 正向 Positive | ||
| 冠层覆盖度 Canopy coverage | 双向/非线性 Bidirectional/nonlinear | Scherber et al., | |
| 层次结构复杂度 Hierarchical complexity | 复杂影响, 因物种而异 Complex effects, varying by species | 干靓等, | |
| 土地利用 Land use | 建筑密度 Building density | 负向/非线性 Negative/nonlinear | Liu et al., |
| 道路密度 Road density | 负向 Negative | Norton et al., | |
| 容积率 Plot ratio | 负向 Negative | Curzel et al., | |
| 土地利用类型多样性 Land-use diversity | 正向/非线性 Positive/nonlinear | Chang et al., | |
| 三维形态 3D morphology | 街道宽度 Street width | 负向 Negative | Tian et al., |
| 街区高宽比 Block height-to-width ratio | 负向 Negative | 林定等, | |
| 玻璃幕墙面积 Glass curtain wall area | 负向 Negative | Marzluff & Ewing, | |
| 平均建筑高度 Average building height | 负向 Negative | Curzel et al., | |
| 屋顶面积 Roof area | 正向 Positive | Williams et al., Williams et al., | |
| 阳台面积 Balcony area | 正向 Positive | ||
| 立面凹凸度 Facade protrusion | 正向 Positive | 毕凌岚等, 毕凌岚等, | |
| 材质粗糙度 Material roughness | 正向 Positive |
表2 城市街区建成环境对生物多样性的影响要素及其影响关系
Table 2 Impact factors of urban block built environment on biodiversity and their relationships
| 影响要素 Impact factors | 影响指标 Indicators | 影响关系 Impact relationships | 代表文献 Representative literature |
|---|---|---|---|
| 街区绿地 Block green space | 绿地规模 Green space area | 正向 Positive | Strohbach et al., |
| 形状指数 Shape index | 正向 Positive | Wong et al., | |
| 连通性 Connectivity | 正向 Positive | Beninde et al., | |
| 屋顶绿化面积 Green roof area | 正向 Positive | Lee & Lin, | |
| 垂直绿化面积 Vertical greening area | 正向 Positive | 卢晓强等, | |
| 破碎度 Fragmentation | 负向/非线性 Negative/nonlinear | Saeki et al., | |
| 植被特征 Vegetation characteristics | 种植密度 Planting density | 正向 Positive | da Silva et al., da Silva et al., |
| 植物物种丰富度 Plant species richness | 正向 Positive | ||
| 冠层覆盖度 Canopy coverage | 双向/非线性 Bidirectional/nonlinear | Scherber et al., | |
| 层次结构复杂度 Hierarchical complexity | 复杂影响, 因物种而异 Complex effects, varying by species | 干靓等, | |
| 土地利用 Land use | 建筑密度 Building density | 负向/非线性 Negative/nonlinear | Liu et al., |
| 道路密度 Road density | 负向 Negative | Norton et al., | |
| 容积率 Plot ratio | 负向 Negative | Curzel et al., | |
| 土地利用类型多样性 Land-use diversity | 正向/非线性 Positive/nonlinear | Chang et al., | |
| 三维形态 3D morphology | 街道宽度 Street width | 负向 Negative | Tian et al., |
| 街区高宽比 Block height-to-width ratio | 负向 Negative | 林定等, | |
| 玻璃幕墙面积 Glass curtain wall area | 负向 Negative | Marzluff & Ewing, | |
| 平均建筑高度 Average building height | 负向 Negative | Curzel et al., | |
| 屋顶面积 Roof area | 正向 Positive | Williams et al., Williams et al., | |
| 阳台面积 Balcony area | 正向 Positive | ||
| 立面凹凸度 Facade protrusion | 正向 Positive | 毕凌岚等, 毕凌岚等, | |
| 材质粗糙度 Material roughness | 正向 Positive |
| 人类活动要素 Human activity factors | 影响关系 Impact relationships | 代表文献 Representative literature |
|---|---|---|
| 绿地管理强度 Green space management intensity | 非线性 Nonlinear | Li et al., |
| 绿化施药行为 Landscape maintenance spraying | 负向 Negative 负向 Negative 负向 Negative 负向 Negative | Guo et al., Guo et al., |
| 绿化修剪频率 Landscape pruning frequency | ||
| 养宠行为 Pet owning | Kristancic et al., | |
| 弃养宠物行为 Pet abandoning | Trouwborst et al., | |
| 行人流量 Pedestrian traffic | 复杂影响, 因物种而异 Complex effects, varying by species | Villegas & Garitano-Zavala, |
| 噪音水平 Noise level | 负向/非线性 Negative/nonlinear | Francis, |
| 夜间照明强度 Night illumination intensity | 负向 Negative | 张梦等, |
表3 城市街区建成环境影响生物多样性的人类活动要素及其影响关系
Table 3 Human activity factors of urban block built environment on biodiversity and their relationships
| 人类活动要素 Human activity factors | 影响关系 Impact relationships | 代表文献 Representative literature |
|---|---|---|
| 绿地管理强度 Green space management intensity | 非线性 Nonlinear | Li et al., |
| 绿化施药行为 Landscape maintenance spraying | 负向 Negative 负向 Negative 负向 Negative 负向 Negative | Guo et al., Guo et al., |
| 绿化修剪频率 Landscape pruning frequency | ||
| 养宠行为 Pet owning | Kristancic et al., | |
| 弃养宠物行为 Pet abandoning | Trouwborst et al., | |
| 行人流量 Pedestrian traffic | 复杂影响, 因物种而异 Complex effects, varying by species | Villegas & Garitano-Zavala, |
| 噪音水平 Noise level | 负向/非线性 Negative/nonlinear | Francis, |
| 夜间照明强度 Night illumination intensity | 负向 Negative | 张梦等, |
图2 城市街区建成环境对生物多样性的影响框架。⊕表示正向影响; ㊀表示负向影响。
Fig. 2 Conceptual framework of the impact of urban block built environment on biodiversity. ⊕ indicates a positive impact; ㊀indicates a negative impact
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