生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 23489. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023489 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023489
牛红玉, 陈璐, 赵恒月, 古丽扎尔·阿不都克力木, 张洪茂*()
收稿日期:
2023-12-23
接受日期:
2024-05-20
出版日期:
2024-08-20
发布日期:
2024-07-18
通讯作者:
*E-mail: zhanghm@ccnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Hongyu Niu, Lu Chen, Hengyue Zhao, Gulzar Abdukirim, Hongmao Zhang*()
Received:
2023-12-23
Accepted:
2024-05-20
Online:
2024-08-20
Published:
2024-07-18
Contact:
*E-mail: zhanghm@ccnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
城市化是全球变化的重要事件之一。城市化导致环境快速变化, 加速了城市生物的进化过程, 重塑了群落结构和种间互作关系。本文从群落、种群、个体3个水平综述了城市化对动物的影响, 总结了研究的热点和不足, 并对相关研究领域提出展望。目前相关研究主要以不透水面积比例或者城郊梯度来反映城市化水平, 以空间代替时间, 对比研究城市化下动物群落的物种组成和多样性, 动物种群的数量和遗传结构, 动物的性状、物候和行为等方面的变化。研究多集中在描述性对比分析, 深入的机制研究以及实用性的应用研究还相对缺乏。因此, 今后研究应该结合现象观察, 利用控制实验寻找城市化中影响不同动物的关键因子, 并利用分子手段探讨城市动物进化的分子遗传基础; 特别关注城市中灰色栖息地的适应物种, 它们往往与人类、宠物和食物等相关, 对其进行研究有助于预测城市化对动物甚至人类健康的影响; 由于复杂的种间互作网络在一定程度上可缓冲动物数量变化和行为改变对传粉、种子扩散、害虫防治等生态服务功能的影响, 因此应加强研究城市化对群落中多营养级网络的影响; 最终将动物多样性研究以及遗传结构等基础研究推广到城市生态规划与修复等应用方面。
牛红玉, 陈璐, 赵恒月, 古丽扎尔·阿不都克力木, 张洪茂 (2024) 城市化对动物的影响: 从群落到个体. 生物多样性, 32, 23489. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023489.
Hongyu Niu, Lu Chen, Hengyue Zhao, Gulzar Abdukirim, Hongmao Zhang (2024) Effects of urbanization on animals: From community to individual level. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23489. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023489.
图1 城市化在群落、种群和个体水平对动物的影响示意图(最上方不同颜色的形状块示意不同物种)
Fig. 1 Diagram of the effects of urbanization on animals at community, population and individual level (The colored shapes at the top represent different species)
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