中国农业生态系统多样性保护研究现状与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2023017

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 23017. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023017

中国农业生态系统多样性保护研究现状与展望

廖美哲¹, 张宗文²^,³, 白可喻¹^,³^,^*()

1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
3.国际生物多样性中心和国际热带农业中心联盟东亚办事处, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2023-01-19 接受日期:2023-04-01 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-04-25
通讯作者: *E-mail: baikeyu@caas.cn
作者简介:*E-mail: baikeyu@caas.cn
基金资助:
国际合作国际生物多样性中心项目(L21ROM180)

Situation and prospects of biodiversity of agricultural ecosystem conservation and utilization in China

Meizhe Liao¹, Zongwen Zhang²^,³, Keyu Bai¹^,³^,^*()

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
3. East Asia Office of Alliance of Biodiversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Beijing 100081

Received:2023-01-19 Accepted:2023-04-01 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-04-25
Contact: *E-mail: baikeyu@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面对气候变化、人口增长和农业集约化等一系列挑战, 如何推动农业可持续发展, 保障粮食安全, 农业生态系统多样性以其独特的遗传、生态和传统社会文化价值成为解决这一难题的重要出路。全面了解农业生态系统多样性的特性、主要影响因子、保护利用措施和研究手段将对制定农业生态系统多样性保护策略具有重要的参考价值。本文研究内容只涉及农业即种植业不是大农业。本文系统分析了各类影响因子和管理措施对农业生态系统多样性的影响, 介绍了我国农业生态系统多样性典型生态区域的现状和变化动态, 系统阐述了农业生态系统多样性的评估方法, 分析了农业生态系统多样性保护和管理的措施, 并据此指出我国目前农业生态系统多样性研究的主要问题和今后的展望。分析发现, 农业生态系统多样性在维持农业生态服务功能、提高农业生态系统的可恢复力、减少化肥农药污染和发展绿色农业方面发挥着重要的作用。从目前的研究和保护利用情况看, 需要完善农业生态系统多样性的评估指标和方法, 加强农业生态系统多样性的管理政策和协调机制, 加大农业生态系统多样性保护和利用力度, 使农业生态系统多样性保护和利用成为主流化。

关键词: 农业生态系统多样性, 绿色农业发展, 生态系统多样性评估, InVEST模型, 农业生态系统多样性保护

Abstract

Background & Aims: In the face of a series of challenges such as climate change, population growth and agricultural intensification, how to promote sustainable agricultural development and ensure food security, agroecosystem diversity with its unique genetic, ecological and traditional socio-cultural values become an important way to solve this challenge. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of agroecosystem diversity, the main influencing factors, conservation and utilization measures and research tools will be an important reference for the developing of agrobiodiversity conservation strategies.

Method: This paper only focused on agrobiodiversity on farming system not broad agriculture. We systematically analyzed the impact of various influencing factors and management measures on agroecosystem diversity, introduced the current situation and changing dynamics of typical ecological regions of agrobiodiversity in China, systematically described the assessment methods of agroecosystem diversity, analyzed the conservation and management of agroecosystem diversity, and accordingly pointed out the main problems of current agrobiodiversity research in China and future prospects.

Results: The analysis shows that agroecosystem diversity plays an important role in maintaining agroecological services, improving the resilience of agroecosystems, reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide and developing green agriculture.

Prospect: There is a need to improve agroecosystem diversity assessment indicators, strengthen agroecosystem diversity management policies and coordination mechanisms, and intensify agroecosystem diversity conservation and use, so that agrobiodiversity conservation and utilization can be mainstreamed in sustainable agriculture development.

Key words: biodiversity of agricultural ecosystem, green agricultural development, ecosystem biodiversity assessment, InVEST model, agrobiodiversity conservation

廖美哲, 张宗文, 白可喻 (2023) 中国农业生态系统多样性保护研究现状与展望. 生物多样性, 31, 23017. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023017.

Meizhe Liao, Zongwen Zhang, Keyu Bai (2023) Situation and prospects of biodiversity of agricultural ecosystem conservation and utilization in China. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23017. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023017.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023017

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I7/23017

图/表 6

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种植面积 Planting area	2009 (ha)	2014 (ha)	2019 (ha)
所有农作物 All crops	648,300	627,900	680,500
粮食作物 Food crops	508,800	485,100	546,000
水稻 Rice	126,800	111,800	118,100
小麦 Wheat	2,200	1,400	1,400
玉米 Maize	389,100	347,200	389,100
高粱 Sorghum	2,600	1,400	3,700
谷子 Millet	1,100	500	3,600
薯类 Potato	12,400	10,700	18,500
大豆 Soybean	20,900	9,900	10,000
花生 Peanut	39,200	41,700	31,900
向日葵 Sunflower	3,200	0	0

种植面积 Planting area	2009 (ha)	2014 (ha)	2019 (ha)
所有农作物 All crops	648,300	627,900	680,500
粮食作物 Food crops	508,800	485,100	546,000
水稻 Rice	126,800	111,800	118,100
小麦 Wheat	2,200	1,400	1,400
玉米 Maize	389,100	347,200	389,100
高粱 Sorghum	2,600	1,400	3,700
谷子 Millet	1,100	500	3,600
薯类 Potato	12,400	10,700	18,500
大豆 Soybean	20,900	9,900	10,000
花生 Peanut	39,200	41,700	31,900
向日葵 Sunflower	3,200	0	0

种植面积 Planting area	2009 (ha)	2014 (ha)	2018 (ha)
所有农作物 All crops	840,595	844,304	869,623
粮食作物 Food crops	575,483	591,207	710,791
小麦 Wheat	278,306	284,581	334,438
玉米 Maize	267,408	289,966	362,782
谷子 Millet	7,145	4,847	2,831
薯类 Potato	6,309	3,733	2,974
高粱 Sorghum	1,206	492	464
大豆 Soybean	13,384	6,050	5,461
花生 Peanut	34,564	25,711	17,516
油菜籽 Rapeseed	207	35	1,400
芝麻 Sesame	1,142	782	365
棉花 Cotton	139,624	117,417	49,810

种植面积 Planting area	2009 (ha)	2014 (ha)	2018 (ha)
所有农作物 All crops	840,595	844,304	869,623
粮食作物 Food crops	575,483	591,207	710,791
小麦 Wheat	278,306	284,581	334,438
玉米 Maize	267,408	289,966	362,782
谷子 Millet	7,145	4,847	2,831
薯类 Potato	6,309	3,733	2,974
高粱 Sorghum	1,206	492	464
大豆 Soybean	13,384	6,050	5,461
花生 Peanut	34,564	25,711	17,516
油菜籽 Rapeseed	207	35	1,400
芝麻 Sesame	1,142	782	365
棉花 Cotton	139,624	117,417	49,810

种植面积 Planting area	2010 (ha)	2014 (ha)	2019 (ha)
所有农作物 All crops	252,570	244,580	183,300
粮食作物 Food crops	209,560	200,400	144,360
小麦 Wheat	6,850	400	230
稻谷 Rice	1,310	470	1,440
玉米 Maize	71,100	81,370	72,790
大豆 Soybean	23,280	23,740	16,590
棉花 Cotton	720	1,080	560
油菜籽 Rapeseed	2,390	2,210	1,540
花生 Peanut	2,260	2,370	680
烤烟 Tobacco	2,430	1,770	1,130
蔬菜 Vegetable	19,540	23,430	22,040
麻类 Hemp	10	0	0

中国农业生态系统多样性保护研究现状与展望

Situation and prospects of biodiversity of agricultural ecosystem conservation and utilization in China

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种植面积 Planting area	2009 (ha)	2014 (ha)	2018 (ha)
所有农作物 All crops	1,162,450	1,228,050	1,076,210
粮食作物 Food crops	663,030	704,550	576,890
稻谷 Rice	578,750	604,010	517,170
小麦 Wheat	12,030	17,060	15,600
玉米 Maize	28,580	40,200	26,000
花生 Peanut	7,650	6,570	6,000
油菜籽 Rapeseed	286,830	299,520	291,000
棉花 Cotton	78,620	88,800	43,500
麻类 Hemp	9,080	1,370	1,000
烟叶 Tobacco	4,520	4,460	5,000
甘蔗 Sugarcane	2,850	1,480	1,000
蔬菜 Vegetable	87,530	96,200	114,000