生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 109-115. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014128 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2014128
田园1, 冯永军1, 张春兰1, 遇宝成2, 唐小平2, 胡慧建1,*()
收稿日期:
2014-06-17
接受日期:
2015-01-04
出版日期:
2015-01-20
发布日期:
2015-05-04
通讯作者:
胡慧建
作者简介:
E-mail: 13922339577@139.com基金资助:
Yuan Tian1, Yongjun Feng1, Chunlan Zhang1, Baocheng Yu2, Xiaoping Tang2, Huijian Hu1,*()
Received:
2014-06-17
Accepted:
2015-01-04
Online:
2015-01-20
Published:
2015-05-04
Contact:
Huijian Hu
摘要:
样线法是全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查中的首选方法, 但已有文献表明该方法在南方山地森林中应用时存在诸多问题。为此, 我们于2010年4月19-24日在广东车八岭国家级自然保护区对样线法的实际调查效果进行试点, 在保护区中心区域划定5 km × 10 km的范围, 布设6条3 km长的理论样线。实际调查时, 使用GPS轨迹记录功能精确标记调查样线和时间。调查时有2条样线未能达到理论长度, 平均每条样线耗时5.3 ± 1.4 h, 调查速度小于600 m/h。该方法针对常规调查物种的发现概率偏低, 调查到的物种总数占保护区常规调查物种总数的比例(0.22)小于调查到的总物种数占保护区总物种数的比例(0.37); 在调查强度为0.75%时, 可对区域内物种进行有效抽样, 但在有效评估一个区域的具体物种数量上可能存在缺陷。为此, 我们对比了全国第一次陆生野生动物调查及试点工作的结果, 针对南方山地森林生态系统调查提出以下建议: (1)应用GPS轨迹记录功能进行实际样线的设置和记录; (2)调查速度从2-3 km/h适当降低至600 m/h左右; 样线长度控制在3-5 km, 确保1天内可完成2条样线调查; (3)在现有的财力和人力条件下, 样区内各类群调查强度略高于1%是较为适宜的; (4)采用多种辅助手段来提升常规调查物种的发现概率; (5)在地形复杂的位置可考虑使用样方或样点法辅助调查, 增加物种发现概率, 但不宜限制其调查强度。
田园, 冯永军, 张春兰, 遇宝成, 唐小平, 胡慧建 (2015) 样线法在南方山地生态系统野生动物调查中的试点效果评价. 生物多样性, 23, 109-115. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014128.
Yuan Tian, Yongjun Feng, Chunlan Zhang, Baocheng Yu, Xiaoping Tang, Huijian Hu (2015) Effectiveness of line transects during wild animal surveys in mountain forests of South China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 109-115. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014128.
类群 Classes | 保护区物种数 Number of species in the reserve | 调查到物种数 Number of recorded species | 调查到个体数 Number of recorded individuals | 花费时间 Time (h) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总物种 Total | 常规调查物种 General survey species | 总物种 Total | 常规调查物种 General survey species | 总个体 Total | 常规调查个体 Individual | 总时间 Total time | 平均时间 Average time | ||||
两栖类 Amphibia | 16 | 6 | 13 | 3 | 73 | 32 | 32.9 | 5.5±1.4 | |||
爬行类 Reptile | 36 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 32.9 | 5.5±1.4 | |||
鸟类 Aves | 170 | 30 | 65 | 7 | 726 | 52 | 30.4 | 5.1±1.7 | |||
兽类 Mammal | 38 | 18 | 14 | 5 | 38 | 6 | 30.4 | 5.1±1.7 | |||
总计 Total | 260 | 68 | 96 | 15 | 844 | 90 | 126.6 | 5.3±1.4 |
表1 各类群样线调查信息表
Table 1 Data of line transect survey of each class
类群 Classes | 保护区物种数 Number of species in the reserve | 调查到物种数 Number of recorded species | 调查到个体数 Number of recorded individuals | 花费时间 Time (h) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总物种 Total | 常规调查物种 General survey species | 总物种 Total | 常规调查物种 General survey species | 总个体 Total | 常规调查个体 Individual | 总时间 Total time | 平均时间 Average time | ||||
两栖类 Amphibia | 16 | 6 | 13 | 3 | 73 | 32 | 32.9 | 5.5±1.4 | |||
爬行类 Reptile | 36 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 32.9 | 5.5±1.4 | |||
鸟类 Aves | 170 | 30 | 65 | 7 | 726 | 52 | 30.4 | 5.1±1.7 | |||
兽类 Mammal | 38 | 18 | 14 | 5 | 38 | 6 | 30.4 | 5.1±1.7 | |||
总计 Total | 260 | 68 | 96 | 15 | 844 | 90 | 126.6 | 5.3±1.4 |
类群 Classes | 基于多度的 物种估计量 Abundance -based coverage estimator (ACE) | 基于盖度的 物种估计量 Incidence- based coverage estimator (ICE) | 非参数估计丰富度 Richness with nonparametric estimation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jack knife 1 | Jack knife 2 | |||
两栖类 Amphibia | 16.68 | 17.55 | 18.17 | 18.30 |
爬行类 Reptile | 9.56 | 8.96 | 7.50 | 8.97 |
鸟类 Aves | 74.58 | 92.28 | 87.50 | 95.37 |
兽类 Mammal | 18.15 | 32.50 | 21.50 | 27.50 |
表2 各类群的实际物种丰富度和非参数估计丰富度
Table 2 Non-parametric estimated and recorded species richness of each class
类群 Classes | 基于多度的 物种估计量 Abundance -based coverage estimator (ACE) | 基于盖度的 物种估计量 Incidence- based coverage estimator (ICE) | 非参数估计丰富度 Richness with nonparametric estimation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jack knife 1 | Jack knife 2 | |||
两栖类 Amphibia | 16.68 | 17.55 | 18.17 | 18.30 |
爬行类 Reptile | 9.56 | 8.96 | 7.50 | 8.97 |
鸟类 Aves | 74.58 | 92.28 | 87.50 | 95.37 |
兽类 Mammal | 18.15 | 32.50 | 21.50 | 27.50 |
图2 各类群物种累积曲线变化图。A: 两栖类; B: 爬行类; C: 鸟类; D: 兽类。
Fig. 2 Species accumulation curves of each groups in six line transects. A, Amphibia; B, Reptile; C, Aves; D, Mammal
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