红薯对农田杂草群落及其多样性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13228

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解红薯(Ipomoea batas)对农田杂草群落和生物多样性的影响, 作者研究了云南省东南部红河州建水县5种不同覆盖度红薯田的杂草种类、密度、重要值及多样性。结果表明, 5种红薯田共统计到25种杂草, 隶属18科。其中4种入侵植物藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)和2种本地植物马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)的密度较高, 为红薯田杂草群落的优势物种。随红薯覆盖度增加, 杂草优势物种的密度和重要值显著降低(P<0.05), 然而2种本地物种打碗花(Calystegia hederacea)和早熟禾(Poa annua)密度却显著增加, 2种本地物种铁苋菜(Acalypha australis)和稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)重要值与红薯覆盖度成正相关(P<0.05)。红薯覆盖度为1-25%和26-50%时, 杂草群落的物种丰富度(23.5、24.5)、Simpson指数(0.89、0.85)、Shannon-Wiener指数(2.36、2.35)和Pielou均匀度指数(0.75、0.73)较高, 说明中低水平的红薯覆盖度有利于提高群落的物种多样性。可以推断, 红薯种植改变了农田杂草的群落结构, 有利于限制优势杂草和入侵杂草的发生危害, 中低水平的红薯覆盖度可作为一种有效的旱田替代化学除草剂的生态控草措施。

关键词: Ipomoea batas, 杂草密度, 重要值, 农田多样性, 生态控草, 入侵杂草

Abstract

For developing ecological prevention and management techniques for invasive and dominant weed species, the screening and using of high value species with strong competitive ability (e.g., local food, native species and/or cash crops) have captured widely attention. To explore the effects of sweet potato (Ipomoea batas) cultivation on community composition and species diversity of weeds, the composition, density, importance value, species richness, diversity indices, and Pielou index were analyzed under five different cover scenarios (0%, 1-25%, 26-50%, 51-75, 76-100%). The study took place in arid cultivated fields in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province, China. A total of 25 weed species from 18 families were identified. Of these, four invasive species Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Eleusine indica, and Galinsoga parviflora and two native species, Digitaria sanguinalis and Portulaca oleracea had the highest population density and were most dominant. Population density and importance values of the six dominant weed species declined as sweet potato cover increased. A significant negative correlation was observed between importance values and sweet potato cover (P﹤0.05). Population density of two less dominant native species, Calystegia hederacea and Poa annua, increased significantly with increasing sweet potato cover. Similarly, the importance values for two additional native species Acalypha australis and Echinochloa crusgalli was positively correlated with sweet potato cover (R=0.964, R=0.891, P﹤0.05). Maximum values for species richness (23.5, 24.5), Simpson index (0.89, 0.85), Shannon-Wiener index (2.36, 2.35) and Pielou index (0.75, 0.73) corresponded to sweet potato cover ranges of 1-25% and 26-50% respectively. As sweet potato cover increased species richness and diversity values significantly declined. Overall, the results indicate that the cultivation of sweet potato alters the community composition and diversity of weeds limiting the occurrence of the dominant and invasive weed species. As a result, mid to low percent cover values should be considered an effective and ecologically-based weed management strategy to replace herbicide use in arid fields.

Key words: Ipomoea batas, weed density, importance value, biodiversity in agroecosytem, ecological weed control, invasive weed

申时才, 徐高峰, 张付斗, 金桂梅, 张玉华 (2014) 红薯对农田杂草群落及其多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 22, 485-491. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13228.

Shicai Shen, Gaofeng Xu, Fudou Zhang, Guimei Jin, Yuhua Zhang (2014) Effects of sweet potato (Ipomoea batas) cultivation on the community composition and diversity of weeds in arid fields. Biodiversity Science, 22, 485-491. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13228.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13228

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I4/485

图/表 4

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种名 Weed name	生活型 Life form	红薯覆盖度 Cover of sweet potato
种名 Weed name	生活型 Life form	0%	1-25%	26-50%	51-75%	76-100%
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis^N	AH	1.07±0.10^d	0.53±0.04^e	1.87±0.14^a	1.33±0.14^c	1.61±0.16^b
藿香蓟 Ageratum conyzoides^I	AH	106.93±12.69^a	59.27±4.56^b	14.93±1.14^c	8.53±0.45^cd	7.47±0.34^d
苋 Amaranthus tricolor^I	AH	5.86±0.18^a	2.93±0.06^b	0.27±0.01^e	1.59±0.04^d	1.87±0.04^c
鬼针草 Bidens pilosa^I	AH	58.13±5.78^a	30.67±3.84^b	19.73±1.78^c	15.19±1.28^d	2.13±0.25^e
打碗花 Calystegia hederacea^N	AH	0.27±0.02^d	1.07±0.16^c	1.59±0.16^b	2.67±0.21^a	2.67±0.09^a
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris^N	AH/ PH	7.46±0.35^a	5.86±0.29^b	3.47±0.34^c	1.61±0.15^d	1.33±0.22^d
藜 Chenopodium album^N	AH	1.33±0.05^a	0.53±0.04^c	1.26±0.03^a	0.80±0.05^b	-
鸭跖草 Commelina communis^N	AH	14.35±1.36^a	3.47±0.20^d	1.59±0.12^e	5.33±0.35^c	8.53±0.46^b
野茼蒿 Crassocephalum crepidioides^I	AH	-	-	1.07±0.16^b	-	1.59±0.12^a
香附子 Cyperus rotundus^I	PH	12.53±1.40^a	4.53±0.42^c	6.93±0.34^b	2.67±0.26^d	4.53±0.29^c
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis^N	AH	104.82±5.54^a	73.85±2.94^b	59.02±5.03^c	39.27±2.54^d	25.07±2.41^e
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli^N	AH	1.59±0.08^e	13.58±0.80^a	5.07±0.25^d	6.13±0.15^c	8.81±0.51^b
牛筋草 Eleusine indica^I	AH	107.37±11.64^a	45.61±6.37^b	13.86±0.94^c	10.66±0.77^cd	6.39±0.45^d
问荆 Equisetum arvense^N	PH	1.61±0.05^b	2.38±0.46^a	1.07±0.11^c	1.61±0.17^b	2.41±0.24^a
苦荞麦 Fagopyrum tataricum^N	AH	1.07±0.12^cd	0.8±0.09^d	1.22±0.06^c	1.61±0.07^b	2.67±0.33^a
牛膝菊 Galinsoga parviflora^I	AH	95.73±15.92^a	64.27±6.45^b	26.93±3.85^c	15.74±1.01^d	13.33±1.56^d
猪殃殃 Galium aparine var. tenerum^N	AH/ PH	2.13±0.15^a	0.81±0.09^d	1.07±0.12^c	1.07±0.13^c	1.61±0.10^b
假酸浆 Nicandra physalodes^I	AH	2.41±32^a	0.81±0.09^b	0.81±0.12^b	-	-
酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata^N	PH	5.87±0.18^a	4.78±0.21^b	2.13±0.14^c	1.86±0.19^d	-
叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria^N	AH	2.93±0.14^b	10.13±1.11^a	1.87±0.18^c	-	1.33±0.21^d
车前 Plantago asiatica^N	AH/ PH	0.53±0.04^b	-	0.53±0.05^b	1.07±0.11^a	1.06±0.07^a
早熟禾 Poa annua^N	AH	1.33±0.19^e	2.13±0.18^d	2.38±0.19^c	2.67±0.22^b	3.72±0.13^a
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea^N	AH	48.26±2.53^a	28.53±2.27^b	12.53±1.43^c	7.47±0.27^d	5.87±0.24^e
苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus^I	AH/ PH	5.33±0.27^a	2.67±0.18^b	2.13±0.22^c	1.61±0.16^d	-
马鞭草 Verbena officinalis^N	PH	-	0.53±0.07^b	-	1.61±0.21^a	1.60±0.06^a

种名 Weed name	生活型 Life form	红薯覆盖度 Cover of sweet potato
种名 Weed name	生活型 Life form	0%	1-25%	26-50%	51-75%	76-100%
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis^N	AH	1.07±0.10^d	0.53±0.04^e	1.87±0.14^a	1.33±0.14^c	1.61±0.16^b
藿香蓟 Ageratum conyzoides^I	AH	106.93±12.69^a	59.27±4.56^b	14.93±1.14^c	8.53±0.45^cd	7.47±0.34^d
苋 Amaranthus tricolor^I	AH	5.86±0.18^a	2.93±0.06^b	0.27±0.01^e	1.59±0.04^d	1.87±0.04^c
鬼针草 Bidens pilosa^I	AH	58.13±5.78^a	30.67±3.84^b	19.73±1.78^c	15.19±1.28^d	2.13±0.25^e
打碗花 Calystegia hederacea^N	AH	0.27±0.02^d	1.07±0.16^c	1.59±0.16^b	2.67±0.21^a	2.67±0.09^a
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris^N	AH/ PH	7.46±0.35^a	5.86±0.29^b	3.47±0.34^c	1.61±0.15^d	1.33±0.22^d
藜 Chenopodium album^N	AH	1.33±0.05^a	0.53±0.04^c	1.26±0.03^a	0.80±0.05^b	-
鸭跖草 Commelina communis^N	AH	14.35±1.36^a	3.47±0.20^d	1.59±0.12^e	5.33±0.35^c	8.53±0.46^b
野茼蒿 Crassocephalum crepidioides^I	AH	-	-	1.07±0.16^b	-	1.59±0.12^a
香附子 Cyperus rotundus^I	PH	12.53±1.40^a	4.53±0.42^c	6.93±0.34^b	2.67±0.26^d	4.53±0.29^c
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis^N	AH	104.82±5.54^a	73.85±2.94^b	59.02±5.03^c	39.27±2.54^d	25.07±2.41^e
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli^N	AH	1.59±0.08^e	13.58±0.80^a	5.07±0.25^d	6.13±0.15^c	8.81±0.51^b
牛筋草 Eleusine indica^I	AH	107.37±11.64^a	45.61±6.37^b	13.86±0.94^c	10.66±0.77^cd	6.39±0.45^d
问荆 Equisetum arvense^N	PH	1.61±0.05^b	2.38±0.46^a	1.07±0.11^c	1.61±0.17^b	2.41±0.24^a
苦荞麦 Fagopyrum tataricum^N	AH	1.07±0.12^cd	0.8±0.09^d	1.22±0.06^c	1.61±0.07^b	2.67±0.33^a
牛膝菊 Galinsoga parviflora^I	AH	95.73±15.92^a	64.27±6.45^b	26.93±3.85^c	15.74±1.01^d	13.33±1.56^d
猪殃殃 Galium aparine var. tenerum^N	AH/ PH	2.13±0.15^a	0.81±0.09^d	1.07±0.12^c	1.07±0.13^c	1.61±0.10^b
假酸浆 Nicandra physalodes^I	AH	2.41±32^a	0.81±0.09^b	0.81±0.12^b	-	-
酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata^N	PH	5.87±0.18^a	4.78±0.21^b	2.13±0.14^c	1.86±0.19^d	-
叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria^N	AH	2.93±0.14^b	10.13±1.11^a	1.87±0.18^c	-	1.33±0.21^d
车前 Plantago asiatica^N	AH/ PH	0.53±0.04^b	-	0.53±0.05^b	1.07±0.11^a	1.06±0.07^a
早熟禾 Poa annua^N	AH	1.33±0.19^e	2.13±0.18^d	2.38±0.19^c	2.67±0.22^b	3.72±0.13^a
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea^N	AH	48.26±2.53^a	28.53±2.27^b	12.53±1.43^c	7.47±0.27^d	5.87±0.24^e
苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus^I	AH/ PH	5.33±0.27^a	2.67±0.18^b	2.13±0.22^c	1.61±0.16^d	-
马鞭草 Verbena officinalis^N	PH	-	0.53±0.07^b	-	1.61±0.21^a	1.60±0.06^a

种名 Weed name	红薯覆盖度 Cover of sweet potato					P	相关系数 Relative coefficient (R)
种名 Weed name	0%	1-25%	26-50%	51-75%	76-100%	P	相关系数 Relative coefficient (R)
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	2.62±0.33^d	3.22±0.19^c	4.80±0.33^b	5.08±0.16^b	7.54±0.45^a	0.008	0.964
藿香蓟 Ageratum conyzoides	45.18±2.53^a	32.05±1.64^b	22.57±1.68^c	17.04±0.99^d	15.67±0.74^d	0.012	-0.954
苋 Amaranthus tricolor	4.95±0.22^b	4.95±0.26^b	2.56±0.15^c	7.37±0.54^a	5.38±0.31^b	0.620	0.303
鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	33.22±2.26^a	27.32±2.23^b	23.41±0.76^c	20.81±1.11^d	8.47±0.64^e	0.009	-0.963
打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	2.25±0.27^d	4.63±0.40^c	7.24±0.60^a	6.06±0.47^b	6.41±0.37^b	0.114	0.787
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris	11.71±0.77^a	9.66±0.77^b	5.33±0.38^c	5.05±0.33^c	4.99±0.24^c	0.032	-0.911
藜 Chenopodium album	2.46±0.17^c	2.39±0.11^c	3.08±0.15^a	2.73±0.10^b	-	0.875	0.094
鸭跖草 Commelina communis	14.66±0.91^a	7.25±0.24^c	2.77±0.17^d	13.23±1.38^b	12.98±1.20^b	0.895	0.082
野茼蒿 Crassocephalum crepidioides	-	-	4.91±0.23^b	-	5.71±0.30^a	0.579	0.356
香附子 Cyperus rotundus	9.93±0.45^ab	9.54±1.12^ab	10.65±1.26^a	7.94±0.58^c	9.18±0.57^bc	0.403	-0.489
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	37.36±1.44^a	34.65±2.58^b	34.22±1.40^b	32.23±0.66^bc	30.02±0.93^c	0.003	-0.983
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	4.71±0.31^c	6.66±0.40^b	5.91±0.49^b	11.31±0.66^a	10.82±1.09^a	0.042	0.891
牛筋草 Eleusine indica	33.58±1.49^a	22.38±1.61^b	17.47±0.46^c	15.23±0.60^d	11.57±0.50^e	0.013	-0.950
问荆 Equisetum arvense	4.67±0.45^b	7.13±0.52^a	2.71±0.31^c	5.15±0.54^b	7.76±0.62^a	0.588	0.329
苦荞麦 Fagopyrum tataricum	2.45±0.37^d	4.76±0.38^c	0.80±0.06^e	5.47±0.53^b	8.24±0.72^a	0.242	0.643
牛膝菊 Galinsoga parviflora	45.05±2.17^a	33.52±1.18^b	30.87±1.91^c	24.15±0.64^d	20.79±0.96^e	0.006	-0.972
猪殃殃 Galium aparine var. tenerum	4.74±0.47^b	2.38±0.19^c	2.71±0.37^c	2.79±0.35^c	5.31±0.44^a	0.767	0.184
假酸浆 Nicandra physalodes	6.89±0.47^a	2.44±0.34^c	4.73±0.27^b	-	-	0.067	-0.852
酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	9.39±0.57^a	5.16±0.25^b	5.11±0.27^b	5.21±0.32^b	-	0.128	-0.766
叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria	6.88±0.42^b	8.08±0.77^a	2.84±0.33^c	-	3.01±0.30^c	0.199	-0.706
车前 Plantago asiatica	2.31±0.47^b	-	2.61±0.32^b	3.13±0.23^a	3.32±0.35^a	0.274	0.610
早熟禾 Poa annua	4.57±0.40^d	7.11±0.59^b	7.66±0.64^b	5.72±0.47^c	8.55±0.61^a	0.228	0.657
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea	21.17±1.58^a	14.70±0.76^b	11.91±1.06^c	9.39±0.28^d	9.18±0.30^d	0.020	-0.935
苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus	13.81±1.39^a	7.15±0.53^b	7.33±0.67^b	7.37±0.76^b	-	0.087	-0.823
马鞭草 Verbena officinalis	-	2.34±0.29^b	-	2.93±0.42^a	3.09±0.39^a	0.346	0.551

种名 Weed name	红薯覆盖度 Cover of sweet potato					P	相关系数 Relative coefficient (R)
种名 Weed name	0%	1-25%	26-50%	51-75%	76-100%	P	相关系数 Relative coefficient (R)
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	2.62±0.33^d	3.22±0.19^c	4.80±0.33^b	5.08±0.16^b	7.54±0.45^a	0.008	0.964
藿香蓟 Ageratum conyzoides	45.18±2.53^a	32.05±1.64^b	22.57±1.68^c	17.04±0.99^d	15.67±0.74^d	0.012	-0.954
苋 Amaranthus tricolor	4.95±0.22^b	4.95±0.26^b	2.56±0.15^c	7.37±0.54^a	5.38±0.31^b	0.620	0.303
鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	33.22±2.26^a	27.32±2.23^b	23.41±0.76^c	20.81±1.11^d	8.47±0.64^e	0.009	-0.963
打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	2.25±0.27^d	4.63±0.40^c	7.24±0.60^a	6.06±0.47^b	6.41±0.37^b	0.114	0.787
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris	11.71±0.77^a	9.66±0.77^b	5.33±0.38^c	5.05±0.33^c	4.99±0.24^c	0.032	-0.911
藜 Chenopodium album	2.46±0.17^c	2.39±0.11^c	3.08±0.15^a	2.73±0.10^b	-	0.875	0.094
鸭跖草 Commelina communis	14.66±0.91^a	7.25±0.24^c	2.77±0.17^d	13.23±1.38^b	12.98±1.20^b	0.895	0.082
野茼蒿 Crassocephalum crepidioides	-	-	4.91±0.23^b	-	5.71±0.30^a	0.579	0.356
香附子 Cyperus rotundus	9.93±0.45^ab	9.54±1.12^ab	10.65±1.26^a	7.94±0.58^c	9.18±0.57^bc	0.403	-0.489
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	37.36±1.44^a	34.65±2.58^b	34.22±1.40^b	32.23±0.66^bc	30.02±0.93^c	0.003	-0.983
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	4.71±0.31^c	6.66±0.40^b	5.91±0.49^b	11.31±0.66^a	10.82±1.09^a	0.042	0.891
牛筋草 Eleusine indica	33.58±1.49^a	22.38±1.61^b	17.47±0.46^c	15.23±0.60^d	11.57±0.50^e	0.013	-0.950
问荆 Equisetum arvense	4.67±0.45^b	7.13±0.52^a	2.71±0.31^c	5.15±0.54^b	7.76±0.62^a	0.588	0.329
苦荞麦 Fagopyrum tataricum	2.45±0.37^d	4.76±0.38^c	0.80±0.06^e	5.47±0.53^b	8.24±0.72^a	0.242	0.643
牛膝菊 Galinsoga parviflora	45.05±2.17^a	33.52±1.18^b	30.87±1.91^c	24.15±0.64^d	20.79±0.96^e	0.006	-0.972
猪殃殃 Galium aparine var. tenerum	4.74±0.47^b	2.38±0.19^c	2.71±0.37^c	2.79±0.35^c	5.31±0.44^a	0.767	0.184
假酸浆 Nicandra physalodes	6.89±0.47^a	2.44±0.34^c	4.73±0.27^b	-	-	0.067	-0.852
酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	9.39±0.57^a	5.16±0.25^b	5.11±0.27^b	5.21±0.32^b	-	0.128	-0.766
叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria	6.88±0.42^b	8.08±0.77^a	2.84±0.33^c	-	3.01±0.30^c	0.199	-0.706
车前 Plantago asiatica	2.31±0.47^b	-	2.61±0.32^b	3.13±0.23^a	3.32±0.35^a	0.274	0.610
早熟禾 Poa annua	4.57±0.40^d	7.11±0.59^b	7.66±0.64^b	5.72±0.47^c	8.55±0.61^a	0.228	0.657
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea	21.17±1.58^a	14.70±0.76^b	11.91±1.06^c	9.39±0.28^d	9.18±0.30^d	0.020	-0.935
苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus	13.81±1.39^a	7.15±0.53^b	7.33±0.67^b	7.37±0.76^b	-	0.087	-0.823
马鞭草 Verbena officinalis	-	2.34±0.29^b	-	2.93±0.42^a	3.09±0.39^a	0.346	0.551

红薯覆盖度 Cover of sweet potato	多样性指数 Diversity indices
红薯覆盖度 Cover of sweet potato	物种丰富度 Species richness (S)	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson index (D)	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener index (H)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index (J)
0%	22.5±0.6^bc	0.84±0.02^b	2.19±0.03^b	0.70±0.01^bc
1-25%	23.5±0.6^ab	0.89±0.02^a	2.36±0.09^a	0.75±0.02^a
26-50%	24.5±0.6^a	0.85±0.01^b	2.35±0.05^a	0.73±0.02^ab
51-75%	22.3±1.0^c	0.79±0.02^c	2.11±0.02^c	0.68±0.01^c
76-100%	21.5±0.6^c	0.65±0.01^d	1.79±0.03^d	0.59±0.03^d