生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 168-177. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10107
所属专题: 中国的森林生物多样性监测
收稿日期:
2010-04-28
接受日期:
2010-08-12
出版日期:
2011-03-20
发布日期:
2011-06-01
通讯作者:
张金屯
作者简介:
*E-mail: zhangjt@bnu.edu.cn;基金资助:
Jiajia Cheng1,2, Xiangcheng Mi2, Keping Ma2, Jintun Zhang1,*()
Received:
2010-04-28
Accepted:
2010-08-12
Online:
2011-03-20
Published:
2011-06-01
Contact:
Jintun Zhang
摘要:
为揭示物种多度格局随尺度的变化规律, 探讨多度格局形成的机理及生态学过程, 作者以古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林24 ha固定监测样地为背景, 采用断棍模型(broken stick model)、对数正态模型(lognormal distribution model)、生态位优先占领模型(preemption model)、Zipf模型(Zipf model)、Zipf-Mandelbrot模型(Zipf-Mandelbrot model)及中性理论模型(neutral model), 对不同尺度下的物种多度分布格局进行拟合, 并采用AIC检验和卡方检验选择最优拟合模型。结果表明, 不同尺度上适合的物种-多度曲线模型不同; 在取样边长为10 m和20 m时, 除中性模型外的5个模型均不能被拒绝, 它们均适合小尺度下的格局, 这表明在小的尺度上生态位过程对物种-多度曲线的格局贡献较大; 在取样边长为40 m时, 最适合的模型为对数正态模型; 取样边长为60 m和80 m时, Zipf-Mandelbrot模型为最优拟合模型; 在取样边长为100 m时, 尽管Zipf-Mandelbrot模型有最小的AIC值, 但卡方检验拒绝了除中性模型外的5个模型; 中性理论模型除了边长为10 m和20 m尺度以外, 在其他尺度上均比前面5种模型的预测效果更好。因此在研究物种多度分布规律时必须注意空间尺度的影响。研究结果表明随着尺度的增加, 中性过程成为决定物种-多度曲线格局的主要生态过程。
程佳佳, 米湘成, 马克平, 张金屯 (2011) 亚热带常绿阔叶林群落物种多度分布格局对取样尺度的响应. 生物多样性, 19, 168-177. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10107.
Jiajia Cheng, Xiangcheng Mi, Keping Ma, Jintun Zhang (2011) Responses of species-abundance distribution to varying sampling scales in a subtropical broad-leaved forest. Biodiversity Science, 19, 168-177. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10107.
图1 古田山样地内不同尺度下物种-多度直方图。 (a)至(f)分别代表取样尺度为10 m×10 m, 20 m×20 m, 40 m×40 m, 60 m×60 m, 80 m×80 m, 100 m×100 m。
Fig. 1 Species-abundance diagram at different scales in the Gutianshan forest plot. (a) to (f) represent scales at 10 m×10 m, 20 m×20 m, 40 m× 40 m, 60 m× 60 m, 80 m× 80 m, 100 m× 100 m, respectively.
图2 古田山样地内物种-多度分布及模型拟合。 (a)到(f)分别代表取样尺度10 m×10 m, 20 m×20 m, 40 m×40 m, 60 m×60 m, 80 m×80 m, 100 m×100 m, 观测值以点表示, 加粗的线代表最优拟合的模型, 图中Null模型指Broken stick模型。
Fig. 2 Species-abundance distribution and fitting of five models at different scales in the Gutianshan forest plot. (a) to (f) represent rank-abundance plot and fitting of five models, the side length is 10 m×10 m, 20 m×20 m, 40 m×40 m, 60 m×60 m, 80 m×80 m, 100 m×100 m, respectively. Observed values are shown by points and the bold line represents the best fit, Null model represents the broken stick model.
尺度 Scale (m) | 断棍模型 Broken-stick model | 生态位优先占领模型Preemption model | 对数正态分布模型Lognormal model | Zipf模型 Zipf model | Zipf-Mandelbrot模型 Zipf-Mandelbrot model | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | |||||
10×10 | 52.56 | 8.43 | 53.49 | 4.79 | 53.46 | 2.56 | 52.02 | 0.68 | 53.86 | 0.53 | ||||
20×20 | 127.13 | 19.88 | 121.55 | 11.64 | 118.45 | 5.76 | 128.69 | 14.66 | 117.01 | 1.54 | ||||
40×40 | 426.65 | 211.94** | 269.89 | 61.44 | 248.21 | 30.58 | 345.71 | 116.99** | 273.88 | 61.28 | ||||
60×60 | 951.82 | 652.60** | 396.91 | 123.38** | 394.56 | 101.89** | 677.38 | 351.25** | 303.00 | 10.66 | ||||
80×80 | 1846.73 | 1447.40** | 532.84 | 202.88** | 611.01 | 241.87** | 1189.97 | 744.67** | 380.09 | 20.27 | ||||
100×100 | 2960.34 | 2473.56** | 690.07 | 315.33** | 830.5 | 391.90** | 1789.58 | 1213.33** | 694.07 | 315.22** |
表1 不同尺度下5种模型的AIC值和χ2值
Table 1 AIC values of different models and χ2 fitting test at different sample scales
尺度 Scale (m) | 断棍模型 Broken-stick model | 生态位优先占领模型Preemption model | 对数正态分布模型Lognormal model | Zipf模型 Zipf model | Zipf-Mandelbrot模型 Zipf-Mandelbrot model | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | AIC值 AIC value | χ2 | |||||
10×10 | 52.56 | 8.43 | 53.49 | 4.79 | 53.46 | 2.56 | 52.02 | 0.68 | 53.86 | 0.53 | ||||
20×20 | 127.13 | 19.88 | 121.55 | 11.64 | 118.45 | 5.76 | 128.69 | 14.66 | 117.01 | 1.54 | ||||
40×40 | 426.65 | 211.94** | 269.89 | 61.44 | 248.21 | 30.58 | 345.71 | 116.99** | 273.88 | 61.28 | ||||
60×60 | 951.82 | 652.60** | 396.91 | 123.38** | 394.56 | 101.89** | 677.38 | 351.25** | 303.00 | 10.66 | ||||
80×80 | 1846.73 | 1447.40** | 532.84 | 202.88** | 611.01 | 241.87** | 1189.97 | 744.67** | 380.09 | 20.27 | ||||
100×100 | 2960.34 | 2473.56** | 690.07 | 315.33** | 830.5 | 391.90** | 1789.58 | 1213.33** | 694.07 | 315.22** |
尺度 Scale (m×m) | 物种数 Species number | 个体数 Individual number | 基础多样性指数 Fundamental diversity index | 迁移率 Migration rate | χ2 | df |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10×10 | 18 | 50 | 11.333 | 0.187834 | 2.342523 | 17 |
20×20 | 35 | 213 | 102.585 | 0.066637 | 3.400393 | 34 |
40×40 | 58 | 929 | 238.531 | 0.016876 | 7.143612 | 57 |
60×60 | 70 | 2082 | 14.983 | 0.558533 | 14.07298 | 69 |
80×80 | 83 | 3616 | 514.771 | 0.004573 | 30.10417 | 82 |
100×100 | 91 | 5623 | 360.503 | 0.00317 | 29.41639 | 90 |
表2 不同尺度下中性模型预测参数及χ2值
Table 2 Predicted parameters of neutral theory and χ2 fitting test at different sample scales
尺度 Scale (m×m) | 物种数 Species number | 个体数 Individual number | 基础多样性指数 Fundamental diversity index | 迁移率 Migration rate | χ2 | df |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10×10 | 18 | 50 | 11.333 | 0.187834 | 2.342523 | 17 |
20×20 | 35 | 213 | 102.585 | 0.066637 | 3.400393 | 34 |
40×40 | 58 | 929 | 238.531 | 0.016876 | 7.143612 | 57 |
60×60 | 70 | 2082 | 14.983 | 0.558533 | 14.07298 | 69 |
80×80 | 83 | 3616 | 514.771 | 0.004573 | 30.10417 | 82 |
100×100 | 91 | 5623 | 360.503 | 0.00317 | 29.41639 | 90 |
图3 中性模型模拟群落置信区间检验结果。 (a)至(f)分别代表取样尺度为10 m×10 m, 20 m×20 m, 40 m×40 m, 60 m×60 m, 80 m×80 m, 100 m×100 m。黑色线条表示实际观测多度分布曲线; 蓝色线条表示中性预测分布的95%置信区间的多度分布;红色线条表示中性模型预测多度分布。
Fig. 3 The tests of the neutral model by confidence interval method. (a) to (f) represent tests of the neutral theory of which the side length is 10 m, 20 m, 40 m, 60 m, 80 m, 100 m, respectively. Black lines are observed rank-abundance curves; Blue lines are 95%-confidence intervals; Red lines are expected rank-abundance curves by the standard neutral model.
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