千岛湖雀形目鸟类群落嵌套结构分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08079

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2006年4月至2007年11月, 采用截线法对千岛湖20个岛屿上的雀形目鸟类种类组成进行调查, 检验其群落是否符合嵌套式分布的格局。此外通过野外直接记录与辨认法对岛屿上的植物种类组成进行调查, 同时通过查阅文献资料和野外调查获得鸟类体长、分布宽度和生境专属性等生活史特征参数, 以及采用GIS分析测定岛屿面积和隔离度参数, 进而分析和探讨雀形目鸟类群落嵌套格局的影响因素。结果显示, 千岛湖岛屿雀形目鸟类群落呈现显著的嵌套结构, 岛屿面积、植物物种丰富度和生境专属性对其嵌套结构具显著性的影响。千岛湖岛屿雀形目鸟类存在着选择性灭绝过程; 植物物种丰富度和鸟类生境专属性则通过影响鸟类在不同生境下的分布对鸟类群落嵌套结构产生影响。上述结果表明千岛湖岛屿雀形目鸟类群落嵌套格局同时受到栖息地和物种两方面因素的影响, 为此我们认为应更多地关注那些面积较大和植物物种丰富度较高的岛屿, 以及生境专属性较高的种类等鸟类多样性及其栖息地的保护策略。

关键词: 栖息地片段化, 雀形目鸟类, 嵌套结构, 选择性灭绝, 生境专属性

Abstract

Between April 2006 and November 2007, we used line-transects to survey species richness of passeriform birds on 20 islands in order to test for nestedness within bird assemblages in the Thousand Island Lake region. To determine factors correlated with patterns of nestedness, we also conducted field surveys of plant species richness on these islands, and defined and valued some species-specific characteristics such as body length, distribution width, and habitat specificity using field surveys and literature searches. Area and isolation of islands were measured with a Geographic Information System (GIS). Nestedness and correlation analyses showed that the passeriform bird community in the Thousand Island Lake region had a significant nested pattern that was influenced by area and plant species richness of an island, and habitat specificity of the bird species. Selective extinction was observed in the bird community. Plant species richness and habitat specificity of species impacted nestedness of bird assemblages through their influence on distributional patterns of birds. We showed that patterns of nestedness of passeriform bird communities were determined by both habitat and species-specific characteristics, and that more attention should be paid to large islands and those with high plant richness, and to bird species with high habitat specificity when making conservation plans.

Key words: habitat fragmentation, passeriform birds, nestedness, selective extinction, habitat specificity

张竞成, 王彦平, 蒋萍萍, 李鹏, 于明坚, 丁平 (2008) 千岛湖雀形目鸟类群落嵌套结构分析. 生物多样性, 16, 321-331. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08079.

Zhang Jingcheng, Wang Yanping, Jiang Pingping, Li Peng, Yu Mingjian, Ding Ping (2008) Nested analysis of passeriform bird assemblages in the Thousand Island Lake region. Biodiversity Science, 16, 321-331. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08079.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08079

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I4/321

图/表 5

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岛屿 Island	面积 Area (hm²)	距最近陆地距离 Distance to the nearest mainland (m)	距最近大岛距离 Distance to the nearest bigger island (m)	植物物种丰富度 Plant species richness
1	5.69	22	379	69
2	2.90	1,785	497	85
3	2.83	1,238	155	86
4	2.29	974	30	65
5	2.23	3,262	1,652	53
6	1.74	2,293	332	100
7	1.54	711	73	88
8	1.26	55	410	65
9	1.20	658	30	56
10	1.20	2,129	32	68
11	1.17	2,453	37	69
12	1.01	2,104	41	36
13	0.97	939	42	70
14	0.96	3,134	230	50
15	0.86	2,322	47	56
16	0.80	103	383	68
17	0.80	2,098	101	80
18	0.59	1,018	26	55
19	0.57	3,712	123	47
20	0.30	1,086	42	75

岛屿 Island	面积 Area (hm²)	距最近陆地距离 Distance to the nearest mainland (m)	距最近大岛距离 Distance to the nearest bigger island (m)	植物物种丰富度 Plant species richness
1	5.69	22	379	69
2	2.90	1,785	497	85
3	2.83	1,238	155	86
4	2.29	974	30	65
5	2.23	3,262	1,652	53
6	1.74	2,293	332	100
7	1.54	711	73	88
8	1.26	55	410	65
9	1.20	658	30	56
10	1.20	2,129	32	68
11	1.17	2,453	37	69
12	1.01	2,104	41	36
13	0.97	939	42	70
14	0.96	3,134	230	50
15	0.86	2,322	47	56
16	0.80	103	383	68
17	0.80	2,098	101	80
18	0.59	1,018	26	55
19	0.57	3,712	123	47
20	0.30	1,086	42	75

种类 Species	岛屿 Islands
种类 Species	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
纯色鹪莺 Prinia inornata	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
大山雀 Parus major	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
黑鹎 Hypsipetes leucocephalus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
红头长尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
金翅雀 Carduelis sinica	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
强脚树莺 Cettia fortipes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
黄眉柳莺 Phylloscopus inornatus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
灰头鹀 Emberiza spodocephala	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus ruficollis	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
暗绿绣眼鸟 Zosterops japonicus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
画眉 Garrulax canorus	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1
灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
红嘴相思鸟 Leiothrix lutea	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0
山麻雀 Passer rutilans	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
栗背短脚鹎 Hemixos castanonotus	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0
小灰山椒鸟 Pericrocotus cantonensis	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0
灰眶雀鹛 Alcippe morrisonia	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
松鸦 Garrulus glandarius	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0
领雀嘴鹎 Spizixos semitorques	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
红嘴兰鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
绿翅短脚鹎 Hypsipetes mcclellandii	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
棕背伯劳 Lanius schach	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
灰纹鹟 Muscicapa griseisticta	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
黄臀鹎 Pycnonotus xanthorrhous	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
棕脸鹟莺 Abroscopus albogularis	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
棕头鸦雀 Paradoxornis webbianus	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
白眉鹀 Emberiza tristrami	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
褐顶雀鹛 Alcippe brunnea	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑脸噪鹛 Garrulax perspicillatus	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
白腰文鸟 Lonchura striata	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
斑文鸟 L. punctulata	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
灰树鹊 Dendrocitta formosae	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
乌鸫 Turdus merula	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
白眉姬鹟 Ficedula zanthopygia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑卷尾 D. macrocercus	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黄喉鹀 Emberiza elegans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
黄雀 Carduelis spinus	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
乌鹟 Muscicapa sibirica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
小黑领噪鹛 Garrulax monileger	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
各岛屿上出现的物种总数 Number of species occurred on each island	34	25	31	26	24	26	28	26	25	23	26	24	29	23	21	24	26	20	22	15

种类 Species	岛屿 Islands
种类 Species	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
纯色鹪莺 Prinia inornata	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
大山雀 Parus major	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
黑鹎 Hypsipetes leucocephalus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
红头长尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
金翅雀 Carduelis sinica	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
强脚树莺 Cettia fortipes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
黄眉柳莺 Phylloscopus inornatus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
灰头鹀 Emberiza spodocephala	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus ruficollis	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
暗绿绣眼鸟 Zosterops japonicus	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
画眉 Garrulax canorus	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1
灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
红嘴相思鸟 Leiothrix lutea	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0
山麻雀 Passer rutilans	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
栗背短脚鹎 Hemixos castanonotus	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0
小灰山椒鸟 Pericrocotus cantonensis	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0
灰眶雀鹛 Alcippe morrisonia	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
松鸦 Garrulus glandarius	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0
领雀嘴鹎 Spizixos semitorques	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
红嘴兰鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
绿翅短脚鹎 Hypsipetes mcclellandii	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
棕背伯劳 Lanius schach	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
灰纹鹟 Muscicapa griseisticta	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
黄臀鹎 Pycnonotus xanthorrhous	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
棕脸鹟莺 Abroscopus albogularis	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
棕头鸦雀 Paradoxornis webbianus	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
白眉鹀 Emberiza tristrami	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
褐顶雀鹛 Alcippe brunnea	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑脸噪鹛 Garrulax perspicillatus	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
白腰文鸟 Lonchura striata	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
斑文鸟 L. punctulata	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
灰树鹊 Dendrocitta formosae	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
乌鸫 Turdus merula	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
白眉姬鹟 Ficedula zanthopygia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑卷尾 D. macrocercus	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
黄喉鹀 Emberiza elegans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
黄雀 Carduelis spinus	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
乌鹟 Muscicapa sibirica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
小黑领噪鹛 Garrulax monileger	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
各岛屿上出现的物种总数 Number of species occurred on each island	34	25	31	26	24	26	28	26	25	23	26	24	29	23	21	24	26	20	22	15

名称 Name	体长 Body length (mm)	分布宽度值 Value of distribution width	生境专属性值 Value of habitat specificity
白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis	193	7	6
北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus	141	14	4
纯色鹪莺 Prinia inornata	129	6	3
大山雀 Parus major	130	11	5
褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus	124	17	5
黑鹎 Hypsipetes leucocephalus	222	3	4
红头长尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus	103	5	4
红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus	132	12	4
金翅雀 Carduelis sinica	121	10	6
强脚树莺 Cettia fortipes	120	9	4
树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni	159	14	5
黄眉柳莺 Phylloscopus inornatus	98	15	4
灰头鹀 Emberiza spodocephala	146	12	3
棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus ruficollis	164	3	4
暗绿绣眼鸟 Zosterops japonicus	105	9	3
画眉 Garrulax canorus	206	6	4
灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum	209	14	3
红嘴相思鸟 Leiothrix lutea	136	3	5
山麻雀 Passer rutilans	132	8	4
栗背短脚鹎 Hemixos castanonotus	201	3	3
小灰山椒鸟 Pericrocotus cantonensis	180	7	3
灰眶雀鹛 Alcippe morrisonia	129	2	3
松鸦 Garrulus glandarius	306	6	3
领雀嘴鹎 Spizixos semitorques	193	6	5
红嘴兰鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha	543	8	3
绿翅短脚鹎 Hypsipetes mcclellandii	211	4	4
白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba	173	12	3
棕背伯劳 Lanius schach	255	7	3
灰纹鹟 Muscicapa griseisticta	140	9	3
黄臀鹎 Pycnonotus xanthorrhous	185	6	3
棕脸鹟莺 Abroscopus albogularis	86	8	4
棕头鸦雀 Paradoxornis webbianus	111	5	2
白眉鹀 Emberiza tristrami	149	12	3
褐顶雀鹛 Alcippe brunnea	130	3	3
黑脸噪鹛 Garrulax perspicillatus	299	7	3
白腰文鸟 Lonchura striata	115	6	3
斑文鸟 L. punctulata	122	5	3
灰树鹊 Dendrocitta formosae	329	4	3
乌鸫 Turdus merula	253	11	2
白眉姬鹟 Ficedula zanthopygia	118	12	2
发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus	281	8	2
黑卷尾 D. macrocercus	280	12	2
黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis	270	4	3
黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata	210	10	2
黄喉鹀 Emberiza elegans	142	9	2
黄雀 Carduelis spinus	107	13	3
灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea	175	15	2
乌鹟 Muscicapa sibirica	121	11	2
小黑领噪鹛 Garrulax monileger	260	3	3