生物多样性 ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 321-331. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08079
张竞成, 王彦平, 蒋萍萍, 李鹏, 于明坚, 丁平*(
)
收稿日期:2008-04-02
接受日期:2008-06-11
出版日期:2008-07-20
发布日期:2008-07-20
通讯作者:
丁平
基金资助:
Jingcheng Zhang, Yanping Wang, Pingping Jiang, Peng Li, Mingjian Yu, Ping Ding*()
Received:2008-04-02
Accepted:2008-06-11
Online:2008-07-20
Published:2008-07-20
Contact:
Ping Ding
摘要：
2006年4月至2007年11月, 采用截线法对千岛湖20个岛屿上的雀形目鸟类种类组成进行调查, 检验其群落是否符合嵌套式分布的格局。此外通过野外直接记录与辨认法对岛屿上的植物种类组成进行调查, 同时通过查阅文献资料和野外调查获得鸟类体长、分布宽度和生境专属性等生活史特征参数, 以及采用GIS分析测定岛屿面积和隔离度参数, 进而分析和探讨雀形目鸟类群落嵌套格局的影响因素。结果显示, 千岛湖岛屿雀形目鸟类群落呈现显著的嵌套结构, 岛屿面积、植物物种丰富度和生境专属性对其嵌套结构具显著性的影响。千岛湖岛屿雀形目鸟类存在着选择性灭绝过程; 植物物种丰富度和鸟类生境专属性则通过影响鸟类在不同生境下的分布对鸟类群落嵌套结构产生影响。上述结果表明千岛湖岛屿雀形目鸟类群落嵌套格局同时受到栖息地和物种两方面因素的影响, 为此我们认为应更多地关注那些面积较大和植物物种丰富度较高的岛屿, 以及生境专属性较高的种类等鸟类多样性及其栖息地的保护策略。
张竞成, 王彦平, 蒋萍萍, 李鹏, 于明坚, 丁平 (2008) 千岛湖雀形目鸟类群落嵌套结构分析. 生物多样性, 16, 321-331. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08079.
Jingcheng Zhang, Yanping Wang, Pingping Jiang, Peng Li, Mingjian Yu, Ping Ding (2008) Nested analysis of passeriform bird assemblages in the Thousand Island Lake region. Biodiversity Science, 16, 321-331. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08079.
图1 千岛湖及研究岛屿方位图
Fig. 1 Location of the selected islands in the Thousand Island Lake region
| 岛屿 Island | 面积 Area (hm2) | 距最近陆地距离 Distance to the nearest mainland (m) | 距最近大岛距离 Distance to the nearest bigger island (m) | 植物物种丰富度 Plant species richness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.69 | 22 | 379 | 69 |
| 2 | 2.90 | 1,785 | 497 | 85 |
| 3 | 2.83 | 1,238 | 155 | 86 |
| 4 | 2.29 | 974 | 30 | 65 |
| 5 | 2.23 | 3,262 | 1,652 | 53 |
| 6 | 1.74 | 2,293 | 332 | 100 |
| 7 | 1.54 | 711 | 73 | 88 |
| 8 | 1.26 | 55 | 410 | 65 |
| 9 | 1.20 | 658 | 30 | 56 |
| 10 | 1.20 | 2,129 | 32 | 68 |
| 11 | 1.17 | 2,453 | 37 | 69 |
| 12 | 1.01 | 2,104 | 41 | 36 |
| 13 | 0.97 | 939 | 42 | 70 |
| 14 | 0.96 | 3,134 | 230 | 50 |
| 15 | 0.86 | 2,322 | 47 | 56 |
| 16 | 0.80 | 103 | 383 | 68 |
| 17 | 0.80 | 2,098 | 101 | 80 |
| 18 | 0.59 | 1,018 | 26 | 55 |
| 19 | 0.57 | 3,712 | 123 | 47 |
| 20 | 0.30 | 1,086 | 42 | 75 |
表1 千岛湖岛屿景观参数及植物物种丰富度
Table 1 The values of landscape variables and plant species richness on the islands in the Thousand Island Lake region
| 岛屿 Island | 面积 Area (hm2) | 距最近陆地距离 Distance to the nearest mainland (m) | 距最近大岛距离 Distance to the nearest bigger island (m) | 植物物种丰富度 Plant species richness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.69 | 22 | 379 | 69 |
| 2 | 2.90 | 1,785 | 497 | 85 |
| 3 | 2.83 | 1,238 | 155 | 86 |
| 4 | 2.29 | 974 | 30 | 65 |
| 5 | 2.23 | 3,262 | 1,652 | 53 |
| 6 | 1.74 | 2,293 | 332 | 100 |
| 7 | 1.54 | 711 | 73 | 88 |
| 8 | 1.26 | 55 | 410 | 65 |
| 9 | 1.20 | 658 | 30 | 56 |
| 10 | 1.20 | 2,129 | 32 | 68 |
| 11 | 1.17 | 2,453 | 37 | 69 |
| 12 | 1.01 | 2,104 | 41 | 36 |
| 13 | 0.97 | 939 | 42 | 70 |
| 14 | 0.96 | 3,134 | 230 | 50 |
| 15 | 0.86 | 2,322 | 47 | 56 |
| 16 | 0.80 | 103 | 383 | 68 |
| 17 | 0.80 | 2,098 | 101 | 80 |
| 18 | 0.59 | 1,018 | 26 | 55 |
| 19 | 0.57 | 3,712 | 123 | 47 |
| 20 | 0.30 | 1,086 | 42 | 75 |
| 种类 Species | 岛屿 Islands | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
| 白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 纯色鹪莺 Prinia inornata | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 大山雀 Parus major | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 黑鹎 Hypsipetes leucocephalus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 红头长尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 金翅雀 Carduelis sinica | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 强脚树莺 Cettia fortipes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 黄眉柳莺 Phylloscopus inornatus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 灰头鹀 Emberiza spodocephala | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus ruficollis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 暗绿绣眼鸟 Zosterops japonicus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 画眉 Garrulax canorus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 红嘴相思鸟 Leiothrix lutea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 山麻雀 Passer rutilans | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 栗背短脚鹎 Hemixos castanonotus | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 小灰山椒鸟 Pericrocotus cantonensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 灰眶雀鹛 Alcippe morrisonia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 松鸦 Garrulus glandarius | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 领雀嘴鹎 Spizixos semitorques | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 红嘴兰鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 绿翅短脚鹎 Hypsipetes mcclellandii | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 棕背伯劳 Lanius schach | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 灰纹鹟 Muscicapa griseisticta | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 黄臀鹎 Pycnonotus xanthorrhous | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 棕脸鹟莺 Abroscopus albogularis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 棕头鸦雀 Paradoxornis webbianus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白眉鹀 Emberiza tristrami | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 褐顶雀鹛 Alcippe brunnea | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑脸噪鹛 Garrulax perspicillatus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白腰文鸟 Lonchura striata | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 斑文鸟 L. punctulata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 灰树鹊 Dendrocitta formosae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 乌鸫 Turdus merula | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白眉姬鹟 Ficedula zanthopygia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑卷尾 D. macrocercus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黄喉鹀 Emberiza elegans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 黄雀 Carduelis spinus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 乌鹟 Muscicapa sibirica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 小黑领噪鹛 Garrulax monileger | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 各岛屿上出现的物种总数 Number of species occurred on each island | 34 | 25 | 31 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 26 | 24 | 29 | 23 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 20 | 22 | 15 |
表2 根据千岛湖雀形目鸟类在调查岛屿上是否出现排列成的矩阵 (“1”(阴影)=“存在”, “0”=“不存在”)
Table 2 Presence-absence matrix for passeriform birds on studied islands in the Thousand Island Lake region. “1” (shaded)= “occurrence”, “0”=“no occurrence”
| 种类 Species | 岛屿 Islands | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
| 白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 纯色鹪莺 Prinia inornata | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 大山雀 Parus major | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 黑鹎 Hypsipetes leucocephalus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 红头长尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 金翅雀 Carduelis sinica | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 强脚树莺 Cettia fortipes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 黄眉柳莺 Phylloscopus inornatus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 灰头鹀 Emberiza spodocephala | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus ruficollis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 暗绿绣眼鸟 Zosterops japonicus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 画眉 Garrulax canorus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 红嘴相思鸟 Leiothrix lutea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 山麻雀 Passer rutilans | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 栗背短脚鹎 Hemixos castanonotus | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 小灰山椒鸟 Pericrocotus cantonensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 灰眶雀鹛 Alcippe morrisonia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 松鸦 Garrulus glandarius | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 领雀嘴鹎 Spizixos semitorques | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 红嘴兰鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 绿翅短脚鹎 Hypsipetes mcclellandii | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 棕背伯劳 Lanius schach | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 灰纹鹟 Muscicapa griseisticta | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 黄臀鹎 Pycnonotus xanthorrhous | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 棕脸鹟莺 Abroscopus albogularis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 棕头鸦雀 Paradoxornis webbianus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白眉鹀 Emberiza tristrami | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 褐顶雀鹛 Alcippe brunnea | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑脸噪鹛 Garrulax perspicillatus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白腰文鸟 Lonchura striata | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 斑文鸟 L. punctulata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 灰树鹊 Dendrocitta formosae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 乌鸫 Turdus merula | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 白眉姬鹟 Ficedula zanthopygia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑卷尾 D. macrocercus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黄喉鹀 Emberiza elegans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 黄雀 Carduelis spinus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 乌鹟 Muscicapa sibirica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 小黑领噪鹛 Garrulax monileger | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 各岛屿上出现的物种总数 Number of species occurred on each island | 34 | 25 | 31 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 26 | 24 | 29 | 23 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 20 | 22 | 15 |
| 名称 Name | 体长 Body length (mm) | 分布宽度值 Value of distribution width | 生境专属性值 Value of habitat specificity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis | 193 | 7 | 6 |
| 北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus | 141 | 14 | 4 |
| 纯色鹪莺 Prinia inornata | 129 | 6 | 3 |
| 大山雀 Parus major | 130 | 11 | 5 |
| 褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus | 124 | 17 | 5 |
| 黑鹎 Hypsipetes leucocephalus | 222 | 3 | 4 |
| 红头长尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus | 103 | 5 | 4 |
| 红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus | 132 | 12 | 4 |
| 金翅雀 Carduelis sinica | 121 | 10 | 6 |
| 强脚树莺 Cettia fortipes | 120 | 9 | 4 |
| 树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni | 159 | 14 | 5 |
| 黄眉柳莺 Phylloscopus inornatus | 98 | 15 | 4 |
| 灰头鹀 Emberiza spodocephala | 146 | 12 | 3 |
| 棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus ruficollis | 164 | 3 | 4 |
| 暗绿绣眼鸟 Zosterops japonicus | 105 | 9 | 3 |
| 画眉 Garrulax canorus | 206 | 6 | 4 |
| 灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum | 209 | 14 | 3 |
| 红嘴相思鸟 Leiothrix lutea | 136 | 3 | 5 |
| 山麻雀 Passer rutilans | 132 | 8 | 4 |
| 栗背短脚鹎 Hemixos castanonotus | 201 | 3 | 3 |
| 小灰山椒鸟 Pericrocotus cantonensis | 180 | 7 | 3 |
| 灰眶雀鹛 Alcippe morrisonia | 129 | 2 | 3 |
| 松鸦 Garrulus glandarius | 306 | 6 | 3 |
| 领雀嘴鹎 Spizixos semitorques | 193 | 6 | 5 |
| 红嘴兰鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha | 543 | 8 | 3 |
| 绿翅短脚鹎 Hypsipetes mcclellandii | 211 | 4 | 4 |
| 白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba | 173 | 12 | 3 |
| 棕背伯劳 Lanius schach | 255 | 7 | 3 |
| 灰纹鹟 Muscicapa griseisticta | 140 | 9 | 3 |
| 黄臀鹎 Pycnonotus xanthorrhous | 185 | 6 | 3 |
| 棕脸鹟莺 Abroscopus albogularis | 86 | 8 | 4 |
| 棕头鸦雀 Paradoxornis webbianus | 111 | 5 | 2 |
| 白眉鹀 Emberiza tristrami | 149 | 12 | 3 |
| 褐顶雀鹛 Alcippe brunnea | 130 | 3 | 3 |
| 黑脸噪鹛 Garrulax perspicillatus | 299 | 7 | 3 |
| 白腰文鸟 Lonchura striata | 115 | 6 | 3 |
| 斑文鸟 L. punctulata | 122 | 5 | 3 |
| 灰树鹊 Dendrocitta formosae | 329 | 4 | 3 |
| 乌鸫 Turdus merula | 253 | 11 | 2 |
| 白眉姬鹟 Ficedula zanthopygia | 118 | 12 | 2 |
| 发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus | 281 | 8 | 2 |
| 黑卷尾 D. macrocercus | 280 | 12 | 2 |
| 黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis | 270 | 4 | 3 |
| 黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata | 210 | 10 | 2 |
| 黄喉鹀 Emberiza elegans | 142 | 9 | 2 |
| 黄雀 Carduelis spinus | 107 | 13 | 3 |
| 灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea | 175 | 15 | 2 |
| 乌鹟 Muscicapa sibirica | 121 | 11 | 2 |
| 小黑领噪鹛 Garrulax monileger | 260 | 3 | 3 |
表3 千岛湖雀形目鸟类物种生活史特征
Table 3 Life-history traits of passeriform bird species in the Thousand Island Lake region
| 名称 Name | 体长 Body length (mm) | 分布宽度值 Value of distribution width | 生境专属性值 Value of habitat specificity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis | 193 | 7 | 6 |
| 北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus | 141 | 14 | 4 |
| 纯色鹪莺 Prinia inornata | 129 | 6 | 3 |
| 大山雀 Parus major | 130 | 11 | 5 |
| 褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus | 124 | 17 | 5 |
| 黑鹎 Hypsipetes leucocephalus | 222 | 3 | 4 |
| 红头长尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus | 103 | 5 | 4 |
| 红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus | 132 | 12 | 4 |
| 金翅雀 Carduelis sinica | 121 | 10 | 6 |
| 强脚树莺 Cettia fortipes | 120 | 9 | 4 |
| 树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni | 159 | 14 | 5 |
| 黄眉柳莺 Phylloscopus inornatus | 98 | 15 | 4 |
| 灰头鹀 Emberiza spodocephala | 146 | 12 | 3 |
| 棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus ruficollis | 164 | 3 | 4 |
| 暗绿绣眼鸟 Zosterops japonicus | 105 | 9 | 3 |
| 画眉 Garrulax canorus | 206 | 6 | 4 |
| 灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum | 209 | 14 | 3 |
| 红嘴相思鸟 Leiothrix lutea | 136 | 3 | 5 |
| 山麻雀 Passer rutilans | 132 | 8 | 4 |
| 栗背短脚鹎 Hemixos castanonotus | 201 | 3 | 3 |
| 小灰山椒鸟 Pericrocotus cantonensis | 180 | 7 | 3 |
| 灰眶雀鹛 Alcippe morrisonia | 129 | 2 | 3 |
| 松鸦 Garrulus glandarius | 306 | 6 | 3 |
| 领雀嘴鹎 Spizixos semitorques | 193 | 6 | 5 |
| 红嘴兰鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha | 543 | 8 | 3 |
| 绿翅短脚鹎 Hypsipetes mcclellandii | 211 | 4 | 4 |
| 白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba | 173 | 12 | 3 |
| 棕背伯劳 Lanius schach | 255 | 7 | 3 |
| 灰纹鹟 Muscicapa griseisticta | 140 | 9 | 3 |
| 黄臀鹎 Pycnonotus xanthorrhous | 185 | 6 | 3 |
| 棕脸鹟莺 Abroscopus albogularis | 86 | 8 | 4 |
| 棕头鸦雀 Paradoxornis webbianus | 111 | 5 | 2 |
| 白眉鹀 Emberiza tristrami | 149 | 12 | 3 |
| 褐顶雀鹛 Alcippe brunnea | 130 | 3 | 3 |
| 黑脸噪鹛 Garrulax perspicillatus | 299 | 7 | 3 |
| 白腰文鸟 Lonchura striata | 115 | 6 | 3 |
| 斑文鸟 L. punctulata | 122 | 5 | 3 |
| 灰树鹊 Dendrocitta formosae | 329 | 4 | 3 |
| 乌鸫 Turdus merula | 253 | 11 | 2 |
| 白眉姬鹟 Ficedula zanthopygia | 118 | 12 | 2 |
| 发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus | 281 | 8 | 2 |
| 黑卷尾 D. macrocercus | 280 | 12 | 2 |
| 黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis | 270 | 4 | 3 |
| 黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata | 210 | 10 | 2 |
| 黄喉鹀 Emberiza elegans | 142 | 9 | 2 |
| 黄雀 Carduelis spinus | 107 | 13 | 3 |
| 灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea | 175 | 15 | 2 |
| 乌鹟 Muscicapa sibirica | 121 | 11 | 2 |
| 小黑领噪鹛 Garrulax monileger | 260 | 3 | 3 |
图2 岛屿(●)和大陆(○)上雀形目鸟类种—面积关系
Fig. 2 The species-area relationship for passeriform birds on islands (●) and mainland (○)
| [1] |
Adler GH, Seamon JO (1991) Distribution and abundance of a tropical rodent, the spiny rat, on islands in Panama. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 7,349-360.
DOI URL |
| [2] |
Andrén H (1994a) Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos, 71,355-366.
DOI URL |
| [3] |
Andrén H (1994b) Can one use nested subset pattern to reject the random sample hypotheses? Examples from boreal bird communities. Oikos, 70,489-491.
DOI URL |
| [4] |
Azeria ET, Carlson A, Part T, Wiklund CG (2006) Temporal dynamics and nestedness of an oceanic island bird fauna. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15,328-338.
DOI URL |
| [5] |
Baber MJ, Fleishman E, Babbitt KJ, Tarr TL (2004) The relationship between wetland hydroperiod and nestedness patterns in assemblages of larval amphibians and predatory macroinvertebrates. Oikos, 107,16-27.
DOI URL |
| [6] |
Bell KE, Donnelly MA (2006) Influence of forest fragmentation on community structure of frogs and lizards in Northeastern Costa Rica. Conservation Biology, 20,1750-1760.
DOI URL PMID |
| [7] |
Blake JG (1991) Nested subsets and the distribution of birds on isolated woodlots. Conservation Biology, 5,58-66.
DOI URL |
| [8] |
Bloch CP, Higgins CL, Willig MR (2007) Effects of large-scale disturbance on metacommunity structure of terrestrial gastropods: temporal trends in nestedness. Oikos, 116,395-406.
DOI URL |
| [9] |
Calmé S, Desrochers A (1999) Nested bird and micro-habitat assemblages in a peatland archipelago. Oecologia, 118,361-370.
DOI URL PMID |
| [10] | Chen SH (陈水华), Wang YJ (王玉军) (2004) Nestedness pattern of insular community assemblages and its applications. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 23(3),81-87. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [11] |
Conroy CJ, Demboski JR, Cook JA (1999) Mammalian biogeography of the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska: a north temperate nested fauna. Journal of Biogeography, 26,343-352.
DOI URL |
| [12] |
Cook RR, Quinn JF (1995) The influence of colonization in nested species subsets. Oecologia, 102,413-424.
DOI URL PMID |
| [13] |
Cook RR, Quinn JF (1998) An evaluation of randomization models for nested species subsets analysis. Oecologia, 113,584-592.
DOI URL PMID |
| [14] |
Crooks KR, Suarez AV, Bolger DT, Soule ME (2001) Extinction and colonization of birds on habitat islands. Conservation Biology, 15,159-172.
DOI URL |
| [15] |
Cutler A (1991) Nested faunas and extinction in fragmented habitats. Conservation Biology, 5,496-505.
DOI URL |
| [16] | Darlington PJ (1957) Zoography: the Geographical Distribution of Animals. John Wiley, New York. |
| [17] |
Davidar P, Yogananad K, Ganesh T, Devy S (2002) Distributions of forest birds and butterflies in the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal: nested patterns and processes. Ecography, 25,5-16.
DOI URL |
| [18] |
Donnelly R, Marzluff JM (2004) Importance of reserve size and landscape context to urban bird conservation. Conservation Biology, 18,733-745.
DOI URL |
| [19] | Editorial Board of Flora of Zhejiang (浙江植物志编辑委员会) (1986) Flora of Zhejiang(浙江植物志). Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,Hangzhou. (in Chinese) |
| [20] |
Feeley K (2003) Analysis of avian communities in Lake Guri, Venezuela, using multiple assembly rule models. Oecologia, 137,104-113.
DOI URL |
| [21] |
Feeley K, Gillespie TW, Lebbin DJ, Walter HS (2007) Species characteristics associated with extinction vulnerability and nestedness rankings of birds in tropical forest fragments. Animal Conservation, 10,493-501.
DOI URL |
| [22] |
Fernandez-Juricic E (2004) Spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of forest specialists in an urban-fragmented landscape (Madrid, Spain): implications for local and regional bird conservation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69,17-32.
DOI URL |
| [23] |
Ferraz G, Russell GJ, Stouffer PC, Bierregaard RO, Pimm SL, Lovejoy TE (2003) Rates of species loss from Amazonian forest fragments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA, 100,14069-14073.
DOI URL |
| [24] |
Ficetola GF, Bernardi FD (2004) Amphibians in a human-dominated landscape: the community structure is related to habitat features and isolation. Biological Conservation, 119,219-230.
DOI URL |
| [25] | Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB (2005) Nestedness in fragmented landscapes: a case study on birds, arboreal marsupials and lizards. Journal of Biogeography, 32,1737-1750. |
| [26] |
Fleishman E, Betrus C, Blair R, Mac Nally R, Murphy D (2002) Nestedness analysis and conservation planning: the importance of place, environment, and life history across taxonomic groups. Oecologia, 133,78-89.
DOI URL PMID |
| [27] |
Fleishman E, Donnelly R, Fay JP, Reeves R (2007) Applications of nestedness analyses to biodiversity conservation in developing landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 81,271-281.
DOI URL |
| [28] |
Fleishman E, Mac Nally R(2002) Topographic determinants of faunal nestedness in Great Basin butterfly assemblages: applications to conservation planning. Conservation Biology, 16,422-429.
DOI URL |
| [29] |
Granado-Lorencio C, Cerviá J, Lima C (2007) Floodplain lake fish assemblages in the Amazon River: directions in conservation biology. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16,679-692.
DOI URL |
| [30] | Greve M, Gremmen NJM, Gaston KJ, Chown SL (2005) Nestedness of Southern Ocean Island biotas: ecological perspectives on a biogeographical conundrum. Journal of Biogeography, 32,155-168. |
| [31] | Guimaraes JPR, Guimaraes P (2006) Improving the analyses of nestedness for large sets of matrices. Environmental Modelling & Software, 21,1512-1513. |
| [32] |
Higgins CL, Willig MR, Strauss RE (2006) The role of stochastic processes in producing nested patterns of species distributions. Oikos, 114,159-167.
DOI URL |
| [33] | Honnay O, Hermy M, Choppin P (1999) Nested plant communities in deciduous forest fragments: species relaxation or nested habitats? Oikos, 84,119-129. |
| [34] |
Jonsson BG (2001) A null model for randomization tests of nestedness in species assemblages. Oecologia, 127,309-313.
DOI URL PMID |
| [35] |
Jonsson BG, Jonsell M (1999) Exploring potential biodiversity indicators in boreal forests. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8,1417-1433.
DOI URL |
| [36] | Liu CR (刘灿然), Ma KP (马克平), Chen LZ (陈灵芝) (2002) Nestedness: methods, mechanisms and implications for biological conservation. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 26,68-72. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [37] |
Li YM, Niemelä J, Li DM (1998) Nested distribution of amphibians in the Zhoushan archipelago, China: can selective extinction cause nested subsets of species? Oecologia, 113,557-564.
DOI URL PMID |
| [38] | Lomolino MV (1996) Investigating causality of nestedness of insular communities: selective immigrations or extinctions? Journal of Biogeography, 23,699-703. |
| [39] | Lomolino MV, Perault DR (2000) Assembly and disassembly of mammal communities in a fragmented temperate rain forest. Ecology, 81,1517-1532. |
| [40] | Loo SE, Mac Nally R, Quinn GP (2002) An experimental examination of colonization as a generator of biotic nestedness. 132, Oecologia,118-124. |
| [41] | MacArthur RH, Wilson EO (1963) An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography. Evolution, 17,373-387. |
| [42] | MacArthur RH, Wilson EO (1967) The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press,New Jersey. |
| [43] |
Mac Nally R, Brown GW (2001) Reptiles and habitat fragmentation in the box-ironbark forests of central Victoria, Australia: predictions, compositional change and faunal nestedness. Oecologia, 128,116-125.
DOI URL PMID |
| [44] | Mac Nally R, Horrocks G, Bennett AF (2002) Nestedness in fragmented landscapes: birds of the box-ironbark forests of south-eastern Australia. Ecography, 25,651-660. |
| [45] |
Mac Nally R, Lake PS (1999) On the generation of diversity in archipelagos: a re-evaluation of the Quinn-Harrison ‘saturation index’. Journal of Biogeography, 26,285-295.
DOI URL |
| [46] |
McGarigal K, Cushman SA (2002) Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects. Ecological Applications, 12,335-345.
DOI URL |
| [47] |
Moore J, Swihart R (2007) Toward ecologically explicit null models of nestedness. Oecologia, 152,763-777.
DOI URL |
| [48] |
Nielsen A, Bascompte J (2007) Ecological networks, nestedness and sampling effort. Journal of Ecology, 95,1134-1141.
DOI URL PMID |
| [49] | Patterson BD, Atmar W (1986) Nested subsets and the structure of insular mammalian faunas and archipelagos. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 28,65-82. |
| [50] |
Patterson BD, Atmar W (1993) The measure of order and disorder in the distribution of species in fragmented habitat. Oecologia, 96,373-382.
DOI URL PMID |
| [51] |
Peay KG, Bruns TD, Kennedy PG, Bergemann SE, Garbelotto M (2007) A strong species-area relationship for eukaryotic soil microbes: island size matters for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ecology Letters, 10,470-480.
DOI URL PMID |
| [52] | Rodriguez-Girones MA, Santamaria L (2006) A new algorithm to calculate the nestedness temperature of presence-absence matrices. Journal of Biogeography, 33,924-935. |
| [53] | Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ, Margules CR (1991) Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conservation Biology, 5,18-30. |
| [54] | Schoener TW, Schoener A (1983) Distribution of vertebrates on some very small islands. I. Occurrence sequences of individual species. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52,209-235. |
| [55] | Schouten MA, Verweij PA, Barendregt A, Kleukers RJM,de Ruiter PC (2007) Nested assemblages of Orthoptera species in the Netherlands: the importance of habitat features and life-history traits. Journal of Biogeography, 34,1938-1946. |
| [56] | Simberloff D, Martin J (1991) Nestedness of insular avifaunas: simple summary statistics masking complex species pattern. Ornis Fennica, 68,178-192. |
| [57] | Simberloff D, Levin B (1985) Predictable sequences of species loss with decreasing island area-land birds in two archipelagoes. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 8,11-20. |
| [58] | Terborgh J (1974) Preservation of natural diversity: the problem of extinction prone species. BioScience, 24,715-722. |
| [59] | Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM (1997) Human domination of earth’s ecosystems. Science, 277,494-499. |
| [60] | Wethered R, Lawes MJ (2005) Nestedness of bird assemblages in fragmented Afromontane forest: the effect of plantation forestry in the matrix. Biological Conservation, 123,125-137. |
| [61] | Wiens JA (1989) The Ecology of Bird Communities. Cambridge University Press,New York. |
| [62] | Worthen WB (1996) Community composition and nested- subset analyses: basic descriptors for community ecology. Oikos, 76,417-426. |
| [63] | Wright DH, Patterson BD, Mikkelson GM, Cutler A, Atmar W (1998) A comparative analysis of nested subset patterns of species composition. Oecologia, 113,1-20. |
| [64] | Zheng CZ (郑朝宗) (2005) Keys of Seed Plants in Zhejiang(浙江种子植物检索鉴定手册). Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,Hangzhou. (in Chinese) |
| [65] | Zheng GM (郑光美) (2005) A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China(中国鸟类分类与分布名录). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [66] | Zhuge Y (诸葛阳) (1990) Fauna of Zhejiang Ave(浙江动物志·鸟类). Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,Hangzhou. (in Chinese) |
| [1] | 王鹏, 隋佳容, 丁欣瑶, 王伟中, 曹雪倩, 赵海鹏, 王彦平. 郑州城市公园鸟类群落嵌套分布格局及其影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(3): 23359-. |
| [2] | 张雪梅, 韩徐芳, 刘立伟, 徐爱春. 舟山群岛蝶类群落嵌套分布格局及其影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(3): 321-331. |
| [3] | 孙吉吉, 王思宇, 王彦平, 邵德钰, 丁平. 千岛湖栖息地片段化效应对鸟类巢捕食风险的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2011, 19(5): 528-534. |
| [4] | 张蒙, 孙吉吉, 王彦平, 蒋萍萍, 丁平, 徐高福. 千岛湖栖息地片段化对大山雀营巢资源利用的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2010, 18(4): 383-389. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
备案号：京ICP备16067583号-7
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《生物多样性》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编：100093
电话: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn
