中国特有兰科植物褐花杓兰的繁殖生物学特征及其与西藏杓兰的生殖隔离研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09046

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 406-413. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09046

所属专题：保护生物学: 现状和挑战；青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全；传粉生物学

中国特有兰科植物褐花杓兰的繁殖生物学特征及其与西藏杓兰的生殖隔离研究

李鹏¹, 罗毅波²^,^*()

1 西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院, 四川绵阳 621010
2 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2009-03-02 接受日期:2009-04-21 出版日期:2009-07-20 发布日期:2009-07-20
通讯作者: 罗毅波
作者简介:*E-mail: luoyb@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-415);西南科技大学校重点项目(07XJGZB17)

Reproductive biology of an endemic orchid Cypripedium smithii in China and reproductive isolation between C. smithii and C. tibeticum

Peng Li¹, Yibo Luo²^,^*()

1 School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010
2 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2009-03-02 Accepted:2009-04-21 Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-20
Contact: Yibo Luo

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为被子植物中最进化的类群, 兰科植物通常依靠种内特化的传粉者而形成种间物种隔离。褐花杓兰(Cypripedium smithii)与西藏杓兰(C. tibeticum)是杓兰属大花亚组中的两个近缘种类, 二者形态特征相似, 分布区也存在明显重叠。在西藏杓兰繁殖生物学特征已知的基础上, 本文对褐花杓兰的繁殖生物学特征进行了研究, 并对褐花杓兰与西藏杓兰进行了外部形态比较。结果表明, 4个居群中普遍存在西藏杓兰和褐花杓兰间的一系列形态过渡类型, 两个物种并没有明确的形态差异。褐花杓兰与西藏杓兰杂交亲和, 传粉观察也表明褐花杓兰由熊蜂(Bombus)蜂王传粉, 具有与西藏杓兰相同的传粉系统。因此, 在自然条件下, 西藏杓兰与褐花杓兰之间可能会存在较频繁的基因流, 从而产生一系列中间过渡类型。将它们分为两个独立的物种并不是最好的选择, 建议将其合并为一个种。

关键词: 兰科植物, 传粉, 生殖隔离, 杂交

Abstract

Pollinator specificity has traditionally been considered as the main mechanism of reproductive isolation in orchids. Cypripedium smithii and C. tibeticum are two closely related species with similar characters and sympatric distributions. With the knowledge of reproductive biology of C. tibeticum, we studied the reproductive biology of C. smithii and compared the morphological characters between C. tibeticum and C. smithii. The results showed that a series of intermediate types occurred between typical C. smithiiand typical C. tibeticum, indicating that no distinct taxonomic boundary existed between C. tibeticum and C. smithii. Pollination experiment showed that both C. smithii and C. tibeticum were pollinated by bumble queens. The hand-pollination experiments indicated that C. tibeticum and C. smithii were cross-fertilized, so that they could hybridize in the natural conditions and produced transitional types. It is better to combine them as one identical species rather than separate them as two distinct species.

Key words: Orchidaceae, pollination, reproductive isolation, hybridization

李鹏, 罗毅波 (2009) 中国特有兰科植物褐花杓兰的繁殖生物学特征及其与西藏杓兰的生殖隔离研究. 生物多样性, 17, 406-413. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09046.

Peng Li, Yibo Luo (2009) Reproductive biology of an endemic orchid Cypripedium smithii in China and reproductive isolation between C. smithii and C. tibeticum. Biodiversity Science, 17, 406-413. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09046.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09046

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I4/406

图/表 3

图1 西藏杓兰、褐花杓兰及其过渡状态。A: 典型的西藏杓兰; B: 典型的褐花杓兰; C: 金色西藏杓兰; D: 花色与唇瓣囊口“白圈”的复杂性; E: 唇瓣背面的透明“窗”。

Fig. 1 Flowers of Cypripedium tibeticum, C. smithii and their intermediate stages. A, Typical Cypripedium tibeticum; B, Typical C. smithii; C, Golden C. tibeticum; D, Flower colors and white rim to the mouth of labellum; E, Translucent “windows” on the back of labellum.

表1 褐花杓兰的繁育系统及与西藏杓兰的杂交授粉实验

Table 1 Breeding system of Cypripedium smithii and hybridization between C. smithii and C. tibeticum

处理 Treatment	花数 No. of flowers	果数 No. of fruits	结实率 Fruit set (%)
褐花杓兰人工自交授粉 Hand self-pollination in C. smithii	10	9	90
褐花杓兰人工异交授粉 Hand cross-pollination in C. smithii	10	8	80
褐花杓兰开花前套袋 Bagged before flowers in C. smithii	5	0	0
褐花杓兰 ♀ × 西藏杓兰 ♂ C.smithii ♀ × C. tibeticum♂	10	8	80
褐花杓兰 ♂ × 西藏杓兰 ♀ C.smithii♂ × C. tibeticum♀	10	8	80
褐花杓兰自然结实(2005) Natural pollination of C. smithii (2005)	28	14	50
褐花杓兰自然结实(2006) Natural pollination of C. smithii (2006)	33	15	45.5

图2 褐花杓兰的传粉者。A: 熊蜂正在杓兰唇瓣内; B: 传粉熊蜂Bombus lepidus, 其背部携带有褐花杓兰的花粉团。

Fig. 2 Insect pollinators of Cypripedium smithii. A, One bumblebee in the labellum of C. smithii; B, Bombus lepidus with the pollen smear on its thorax back, an insect pollinator of C. smithii.

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中国特有兰科植物褐花杓兰的繁殖生物学特征及其与西藏杓兰的生殖隔离研究

Reproductive biology of an endemic orchid Cypripedium smithii in China and reproductive isolation between C. smithii and C. tibeticum

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