Impact of Phyllostachys edulis expansion to Chinese fir forest on the soil bacterial community

doi:10.17520/biods.2022659

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Soil microorganisms are an important component of forest ecosystems, and the expansion of bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) causes changes in vegetation types, thereby affecting soil microbial communities. The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of bamboo expansion into Chinese fir forests on soil bacterial communities.

Methods: In Nanshan Village, Yuqian Town, Lin’an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, with pure Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forest (s) as the control, two kinds of stands of mixed bamboo and Chinese fir forest (h) and pure bamboo forest (m) were selected to explore the impact of bamboo expansion on soil bacterial communities of Chinese fir forest through high-throughput sequencing techniques.

Results: The expansion of bamboo led to a decrease in the alpha diversity of soil bacterial communities in Chinese fir forests. Compared with Chinese fir forests, the bacterial diversity and richness in mixed forests was decreased by 2.4% and 8.6%, but there was no significant difference, and in moso bamboo forest land was decreased by 5.9% and 16%, with significant differences (P < 0.05). After the expansion of Chinese fir forest by bamboo, the relative abundance of soil bacterial flora was changed; The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Unassigned, and Verrucomicrobia in Chinese fir forests was the highest, accounting for 32.39%, 3.7%, and 3.2%, respectively; The relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Bacteroides in bamboo forests was the highest, accounting for 45.05% and 5.19%, respectively; The relative abundance of Planctomycotes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi in the mixed forest was the highest, accounting for 7.51%, 6.79%, and 5.12%, respectively. After the expansion of bamboo into a mixed forest, the relative abundance of Planctomycotes and Actinobacteria increased significantly (P < 0.05), increasing by 3.12% and 2.71%. The relative abundance of Elusimicrobia and Germatimonadetes decreased significantly (P < 0.05), decreasing by 0.43% and 0.36%; The relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The beta diversity analysis results showed that bamboo expansion had a significant impact on the soil bacterial community structure of Chinese fir forests (P < 0.05). The soil bacterial structure of bamboo forests and bamboo fir mixed forests was grouped together and separate from the Chinese fir forests. LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Nitrospira, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Mycobacterium could be used as an indicator for the changes in soil bacterial community structure in the expanded fir forest of bamboo. Soil NH₄⁺may be the main soil environmental factor that causes changes in bacterial communities.

Conclusion: These results indicate that the expansion of bamboo into moso Chinese fir forests can cause changes in the soil bacterial community in the forest land, providing basic data for understanding the cycling of soil carbon and nitrogen, expansion mechanism, and expansion regulation of bamboo.

Key words: moso bamboo expansion, Chinese fir forest, bacterial community structure, high-throughput sequencing techniques

Yinger Mao, Xiumei Zhou, Nan Wang, Xiuxiu Li, Yuke You, Shangbin Bai. Impact of Phyllostachys edulis expansion to Chinese fir forest on the soil bacterial community[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(6): 22659.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022659

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I6/22659

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Physicochemical properties and microbial biomass of soil in different forest stands. The data is the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).

林分 Standing forest	pH	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content (%)	NH₄⁺(mg/kg)	NO₃^－(mg/kg)	SOC (g/kg)	WSOC (mg/kg)	AN (mg/kg)	MBC (mg/kg)	MBN (mg/kg)
毛竹林 Moso bamboo forest	4.83 ± 0.60^a	28.67 ± 1.53^a	4.80 ± 2.11^a	2.33 ± 0.16^c	17.30 ± 3.60^b	51.51 ± 4.62^a	155.87 ± 29.35^b	386.67 ± 40.72^b	35.44 ± 12.00^ab
混交林 Mixed forest	4.87 ± 0.08^a	27.67 ± 0.58^a	3.91 ± 1.16^a	5.52 ± 0.58^a	38.59 ± 2.28^a	40.28 ± 5.12^b	218.40 ± 28.55^a	535.28 ± 52.26^ab	49.90 ± 3.41^a
杉木林 Chinese fir forest	4.65 ± 0.07^b	30.67 ± 3.10^a	2.28 ± 0.40^a	4.56 ± 0.30^b	31.63 ± 4.62^a	37.17 ± 1.87^b	211.87 ± 26.50^ab	606.97 ± 149.68^a	27.46 ± 12.76^b

Fig. 1 Venn map of distribution of unique and common OTUs in different forest stands soil. s, Chinese fir forest; h, Mixed forest; m, Moso bamboo forest.

Table 2 α diversity index of soil bacteria under different forest stands

林分 Standing forest	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	OTU数目 No. of OTU
杉木林 Chinese fir forest	4,171.93 ± 204.56^a	6.76 ± 0.20^a	0.0047 ± 0.0012^b	4,127 ± 205^a
混交林 Mixed forest	3,812.87 ± 159.17^ab	6.51 ± 0.13^ab	0.0059 ± 0.0009^ab	3,813 ± 159^ab
毛竹林 Moso bamboo forest	3,504.13 ± 282.44^b	6.36 ± 0.11^b	0.0069 ± 0.0003^a	3,504 ± 283^b

Fig. 2 Soil bacterial community structure in three different forest stands. s, Chinese fir forest; h, Mixed forest; m, Moso bamboo forest.

Fig. 3 Community composition of soil bacterial phyla in different forest stands. s, Chinese fir forest; h, Mixed forest; m, Moso bamboo forest.

Fig. 4 LEfSe analysis of bacterial under different forest stands (LDA threshold is 3.5). s, Chinese fir forest; h, Mixed forest.

Table 3 Correlation coefficient of α diversity index of soil bacteria with soil physical and chemical properties and microbial biomass

多样性指数 Diversity index	pH	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content	NH₄⁺	NO₃^-	SOC	WSOC	AN	MBC	MBN
Chao 1	?0.524	0.420	?0.836**	0.384	0.367	?0.738*	0.180	?0.157	?0.185
Shannon	?0.426	0.578	?0.793*	0.357	0.341	?0.606	0.132	?0.040	?0.125
Simpson	0.258	?0.528	0.774*	?0.489	?0.606	0.561	?0.489	?0.191	?0.028

Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis of the effects of environmental factors on soil bacterial community structure. s, Chinese fir forest; h, Mixed forest; m, Moso bamboo forest.

Fig. 6 Spearman correlation between the relative abundance of major groups at the soil bacterial phylum level and soil physicochemical properties. WSOC, Water-soluble organic carbon; MBN, Microbial biomass nitrogen; MBC, Microbial biomass carbon; SOC, Soil organic carbon; SOM, Soil organic matter.

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