Phenotypic fruit and seed variations of Acer catalpifolium, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations in China

doi:10.17520/biods.2019091

Abstract

Abstract:

Phenotypic variation can indicate the adaptation of plant species to different environmental conditions due to long-term evolution. Acer catalpifolium is a relatively primitive species in Aceraceae family, and is a rare and endangered species in China. To understand the range of phenotypic variation of A. catalpifolium’s fruits and seeds, 11 traits for 47 individuals from five natural small populations of A. catalpifolium were measured and parameterized using coefficients of variance, variation, and correlation. The results showed significant differences in phenotypic variation among and within populations. Overall variation was greater within population (63.11%) than among populations (23.61%) while the mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 27.23% among populations, larger than other species in Aceraceae. The average variation coefficient of seed thickness (ST) was the highest (40.64%), followed by fruit stalk length (FSL); thousand-fruit weight (TFW) was the smallest and the most stable phenotypic trait (1.57%). The Dujiangyan population has the highest phenotypic diversity and Pingwu population the lowest. Meteorological factors were not associated to fruit and seed size variations of A. catalpifolium. The fruits of the Leibo population were largest while the seeds of Pingwu population were the biggest. These two populations also have the thickest seeds. Fruit/seed size is considered as an indicator of quality, because bigger fruit/seed could provide more nutrients for next generations, therefore, the Leibo and Pingwu populations should be the priority when collecting germplasms of A. catalpifolium.

Key words: Acer catalpifolium, seed and fruit, phenotypic traits, meteorological factors, extremely small populations

Qiuhong Feng, Dengfeng Li, Tao Yu, Junqing Li, Wenbao Ma, Lei Zhang. Phenotypic fruit and seed variations of Acer catalpifolium, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations in China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(3): 314-322.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019091

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I3/314

Figures/Tables 10

References 12

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研究地点 Site	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)
都江堰 Dujiangyan	103°31′28″-103°32′50″ E, 30°51′22″-30°53′27″ N	823	14.28	1,155
平武 Pingwu	104°23′41″E, 32°14′14″ N	1,120	15.20	957
雷波 Leibo	103°39′50″-103°39′56″ E, 28°31′13″-28°31′24″ N	995	14.50	1,099
大邑 Dayi	103°15′36″-103°22′28″ E, 30°36′08″-30°42′02″ N	1,960	15.35	1,223
峨眉山 Emeishan	103°24′04″-103°26′18″ E, 29°33′45″-29°35′02″ N	718	16.07	1,376

研究地点 Site	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)
都江堰 Dujiangyan	103°31′28″-103°32′50″ E, 30°51′22″-30°53′27″ N	823	14.28	1,155
平武 Pingwu	104°23′41″E, 32°14′14″ N	1,120	15.20	957
雷波 Leibo	103°39′50″-103°39′56″ E, 28°31′13″-28°31′24″ N	995	14.50	1,099
大邑 Dayi	103°15′36″-103°22′28″ E, 30°36′08″-30°42′02″ N	1,960	15.35	1,223
峨眉山 Emeishan	103°24′04″-103°26′18″ E, 29°33′45″-29°35′02″ N	718	16.07	1,376

种群 Population	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Geomorphic type	调查母树 Mother tree investigated
种群 Population	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Geomorphic type	调查数量 Number	平均树高 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown
都江堰 Dujiangyan	15	南、东南、东北、西北 South, southeast, northeast, northwest	山地 Mountain	16	14	15	7 m × 7 m
平武 Pingwu	40	西南/北 Southwest, north	沟边山地 Valley side mountain	6	15.5	34	7 m × 7 m
雷波 Leibo	20	东南 Southeast	山地 Mountain	9	7	12	5 m × 4 m
大邑 Dayi	38	南、北 South, north	山地 Mountain	6	9.5	20	6 m × 7 m
峨眉山 Emeishan	15	北、西南、南 North, southwest, south	山地 Mountain	10	13	23	12 m × 12 m

种群 Population	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Geomorphic type	调查母树 Mother tree investigated
种群 Population	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Geomorphic type	调查数量 Number	平均树高 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown
都江堰 Dujiangyan	15	南、东南、东北、西北 South, southeast, northeast, northwest	山地 Mountain	16	14	15	7 m × 7 m
平武 Pingwu	40	西南/北 Southwest, north	沟边山地 Valley side mountain	6	15.5	34	7 m × 7 m
雷波 Leibo	20	东南 Southeast	山地 Mountain	9	7	12	5 m × 4 m
大邑 Dayi	38	南、北 South, north	山地 Mountain	6	9.5	20	6 m × 7 m
峨眉山 Emeishan	15	北、西南、南 North, southwest, south	山地 Mountain	10	13	23	12 m × 12 m

种群 Population	样本量Sample size	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD
种群 Population	样本量Sample size	翅果长 KFL (cm)	翅果宽 KFW (cm)	着生痕 BM (cm)	种子长 SL (cm)	种子宽 SW (cm)	种子厚度 ST (cm)	果柄长 FSL (cm)	翅果长宽比 KFLW	种子长宽比 SLW	翅果千粒重 TFW (g)	种子千粒重 TSW (g)
都江堰 Dujiangyan	320	3.24±0.35^c	1.11±0.15^c	0.54±0.05^b	0.77±0.12^d	0.46±0.06^e	0.11±0.04^c	1.42±0.39^d	2.93±0.32^ab	1.71±0.23^b	2.21±0.03^c	0.84±0.03^c
平武 Pingwu	120	3.38±0.27^b	1.10±0.09^c	0.68±0.05^a	0.92±0.12^a	0.56±0.05^a	0.13±0.09^a	2.10±0.49^b	3.07±0.21^ab	1.63±0.17^c	3.03±0.03^a	1.40±0.05^a
雷波 Leibo	180	3.71±0.26^a	1.22±0.10^a	0.49±0.04^c	0.89±0.12^ab	0.52±0.06^b	0.13±0.03^a	1.24±0.29^e	3.06±0.27^a	1.76±0.41^b	3.41±0.05^a	1.38±0.02^a
大邑 Dayi	120	3.21±0.32^d	1.11±0.15^c	0.48±0.06^d	0.86±0.14^b	0.49±0.05^d	0.11±0.03^c	2.21±0.65^a	3.01±1.11^ab	1.78±0.27^a	2.73±0.07^b	1.08±0.05^b
峨眉山 Emeishan	200	3.41±0.32^b	1.16±0.11^b	0.54±0.04^b	0.84±0.1^c	0.50±0.05^c	0.12±0.02^b	1.59±0.40^c	2.93±0.25^b	1.71±0.23^b	2.86±0.04^b	1.01±0.03^b